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Chap004 - CH4 Solution of Power Electronics by Daniel

W.Hart
Studies in Teaching Material of Industrial Education (National Taiwan University)

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CHAPTER 4 SOLUTIONS
2/17/10

4-1) Load:

2Vm V 2 2(120) / 
Vo  ; Io  o  6.0 A.
 R 18
V 120 2 9.43
I o , peak  m  9.43 A.; I o ,rms  6.67 A.
R 18 2

Each diode:

I o 6.0 I
I D ,avg   3.0 A.; I D , peak I o , peak 9.43 A.; I D ,rms  o,rms 4.71 A.
2 2 2

4-2)

2Vm 2  120  2 V 108

bridge : Vo   108 V .; I o  o  4.32 A.
  R 25
PIV Vm 120 2 170 V .
Center tapped : Vm 120 2, I o 4.32 A.; PIV 2Vm 2(120) 2 340 V .

4-3)

V 2V 200
I0  0  m  4.24 A.
R  R  15
2V  1 1  Vn
Vn  m    ; Z n  R  ( no L) ; I n 
2 2

  n  1 n 1  Zn
V2 42.4, V4 8.49, ; Z 2 47.7 , Z 4 91.7 
42.4 V
I2  0.890 A., I 4  4 0.0925 A.
47.7 Z4
2
 0.890  (0.0925) 2
I rms   I  4.24  
2
n
2
  4.29 A.
 2  2
1 I
I D  I 0 2.12 A.; I D ,rms  o ,rms 3.03 A.
2 2
I s 0; I s ,rms I o ,rms 4.29 A.

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4-4)

V 2V 340
I0  0  m  10.8 A.
R  R  10
2V  1 1  Vn
Vn  m    ; Z n  R  ( no L) ; I n 
2 2

  n  1 n 1  Zn
V2 72.2, V4 14.4, ; Z 2 21.3 , Z 4 39.0 
72.2 V
I2  3.38 A., I 4  4 0.37 A.
21.3 Z4
2
 3.38  (0.37) 2
I rms   I  10.8  
2
n
2
  11.1 A.
 2  2
1 I
I D  I 0 5.4 A.; I D , rms  o ,rms 7.84 A.
2 2
I s 0; I s ,rms I o ,rms 11.1 A.

4-5)

a) Average load current : R 15 L 30 mH

V 2V /  2(120) 2 /  108
Io  o  m   7.20 A.
R R 15 15

b) Power is determined from the Fourier series. Using Eq. 4-4 and 4-5.

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 27.1 2.65
4 14.4 47.7 0.302

2 2
 2.65   0.32 
I rms  7.202      7.45 A.; P I rms R (7.45) 25 832 W .
2 2

 2   2 
P 832
I s , rms I o,rms 7.45 A.; pf   0.93
S (120)(7.45)

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4-6

a) Average load current : R 12 L 20 mH

V 2V /  2(120) 2 /  108
Io  o  m   9.0 A.
R R 12 12

b) Power is determined from the Fourier series. Using Eq. 4-4 and 4-5.

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 19.3 3.74
4 14.4 32.5 0.444

2 2
 3.74   0.444 
I rms  9.0  
2
   9.39 A.; P I rms R (9.39) 12 1, 058 W .
2 2

 2   2 
P 1058
I s , rms I o,rms 9.39 A.; pf   0.94
S (120)(9.39)

4-7)

V 2V 2 2(40)
a) I o  o  m  9.0 A.
R R 4
I V 40
b) I rms  m  o , rms  10 A.
2 R 4
c) I s ,avg 0
N   40 
d ) I s , rms I o ,rms  2  10   1.67 A.
 N1   240 

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4-8) Load:

2Vm
Vo I o R (10)(15) 150 V 

V  150
Vm  o  2.36 V .
2 2
V 236
Vo ,rms  m  166.6 V . on each sec. tap, 333.2 V . overall
2 2
N V 120
120 V . source : 1  1  0.36:1 or 1:2.78
N 2 V2 333.2
N1 240
240 V . source :  0.72:1 or 1:1.39
N 2 333.2

4-9)

2Vm
V I o R (5)(10) 50 V . 

V  50
Vm  o  78.5 V .
2 2
V 78.5
Vo,rms  m  55.5 V . on each sec. tap, 111 V . overall
2 2
N V 120
120 V . source : 1  1  1.08:1
N 2 V2 111
N1 240
240 V . source :  2.16:1
N 2 111

4-10)

V 2V
a ) I o 10 A.  o  m
R R
2V 2(120) 2
R m  10.8  total
 Io  10
Rx 10.8  4 6.8 
b) V2 72 Z 2 151
V2 72
I2   0.4764
Z 2 151
I o 2 I 2 2(0.4764) 0.953 A.

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4-11)

2Vm 2(120) 2
 Vdc  48
Vo  Vdc  
a) I o    20.0 A.
R R 3
Pdc I oVdc (20.0)(48) 961 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.2 11.7 6.16
4 14.4 22.8 0.631

2 2
 6.16   0.631 
I rms  20.0  
2
   20.5 A.
 2   2 
PR I rms
2
R (20.5)2 (3) 1, 259 W .
 170  P 961  1259
c ) S Vrms I rms   (20.5) 2460 VA; pf  S  2460 .90
 2
d ) I o 2 I 2 6.16 12.32 A.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-12

2Vm 2(340)
 Vdc  96
Vo  Vdc
a) I o      24.1 A.
R R 5
Pdc I oVdc (24.1)(96) 2,313 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 144.3 30.6 4.72
4 28.9 60.5 0.477

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2 2
 4.72   0.477 
I rms  24.1  
2
   24.3 A.
 2   2 
PR I rms
2
R (24.1)2 (5) 1,958 W .
 340  P 2313  1958
c ) S Vrms I rms   (24.3) 5,848 VA; pf  S  5848 .90
 2
d ) I o 2 I 2 4.72 9.44 A.

4-13) I 0 7.03 A. from PSpice

4-14) a) Continuous current; P=474 W.

b) Discontinuous current; P=805 W.

4-15

2Vm 2(120 2)
 Vdc  24
Vo  Vdc
a) I o      21.0 A.
R R 4
Pdc I oVdc (21.0)(24) 504 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 30.4 2.37
4 14.4 60.5 0.238

2 2
 2.37   0.238 
I rms  21  
2
   21.1 A.
 2   2 
PR I rms
2
R (21.1) 2 (4) 1, 777 W .
P 504  1777
c ) S Vrms I rms  120  (21.1) 2,529 VA; pf   .90
S 2529

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4-16

2Vm 2(120 2)
 Vdc  36
Vo  Vdc
a) Io      14.4 A.
R R 5
Pdc I oVdc (14.4)(36) 519 W .

b) Fourier Series

n Vn, V. Zn. Ω In, A.

2 72.0 45.5 1.58
4 14.4 90.6 0.159

2 2
 1.58   0.159 
I rms  14.42      14.45 A.
 2   2 
PR I rms
2
R (14.45) 2 (5) 1, 044 W .
P 519  1044
c) S Vrms I rms  120  (14.45) 1, 734 VA; pf   .90
S 1734

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4-17)

26.5A

100uH

20.0A

40mH

10.0A

0A
150ms 152ms 154ms 156ms 158ms 160ms 162ms 164ms 166ms 168ms 170ms 172ms 174ms
I(L1)
Time

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The current with the 100 μH inductor is discontinuous.

4-18)

Vm
V  ; Vo Vm 120 2 169.7 V .; 0.01Vo 1.7 V .
2 fRC
Vm 169.7
C  4160  F .
2 fRVo 2(60)(200)(1.7)
I o Vo 169.7
ID    0.43 A.
2 2 R 2(200)
I D , peak : from Eq. 4  11,
 Vo  1 1.7 
 sin  1  1   sin  1   81.9
 Vm   169.7 
 sin  
From Eq. 3  48, I D , peak Vm  C cos   
 R 
 sin 81.9 
120 2  377(8.32)(10)  3 cos81.9   38.5 A.
 200 

4-19)

V 100
Req  o  200 ; Vm 100 Vo ; Vo 1 V .
I o 0.5
Vm 100
C  4167  F .
2 fRC Vo 2(60)(200)(1)
Io
ID  0.2 A.
2
 Vo 
From Eq. 4  11,  sin  1  1  1
 sin (0.99) 81.9
 Vo 
 sin  
From Eq. 3  48, I D , peak Vm   C cos   
 R 
 sin 81.9 
100  377(4167)(10)  6 cos81.9   22.6 A.
 200 

4-20) C ≈ 3333/2 = 1667 µF. Peak diode currents are the same. Fullwave circuit has
advantages of zero average source current, smaller capacitor, and average diode current ½ that

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for the halfwave. The halfwave circuit has fewer diodes, and has only one diode voltage drop
rather than two.

4-21)

3 L 3(377)(.01)
a ) R 7  :  1.62
R 7
> 1  continuous current
2Vm
Vo  108 V .


3 L 3(377)(.01)
b) R 20  :  0.57
R 20
From Fig . 4  8, Vo 0.7Vm 0.7(120) 2 119 V .
V   119 
(1) Eq. 4  18 :  sin  1  o  sin  1   0.777 rad .
 Vm   120 2 
1
(2) Eq. 4  20 : I L (t )  [Vm (cos   cos t )  Vo (t   )] < 1 
L
iL (  ) 0 Vm (cos   cos  )  Vo (    )
120 2(cos(.777)  cos  )  119(   .777)   3.216 rad .

1
(3) I L  iL (t )d (t ) 6.14 A.

(4) Vo I L R (6.14)(20) 122.9 V . 119 V .

Calculated Vo is slightly larger than initial estimate. Try Vo=120 V.:

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(1) Vo 120 V . From Eq. 4  18,  0.785

(2) From Eq. 4  20,
i(  ) 0 120 2[cos(.785)  cos  ]  120(   .785)   3.197 rad .

1
 
(3) I L  i (t )d (t ) 5.895 A.

(4) Vo I L R (5.895)(20) 117.9 V .  120

Therefore, 119 < Vo < 120 V. (Vo=119.6 with more iterations.)

c) PSpice results:

127

R=20

R=7
100

50

R=7

R=20
0
559ms 560ms 561ms 562ms 563ms 564ms 565ms 566ms 567ms 568ms 569ms 570ms
V(OUT+,OUT-) I(L1)
Time

R = 7 results in continuous current with Vo = 108 V. R = 20 results in discontinuous current with Vo =

120 V. The simulation was done with C = 10,000 μF.

4-22) PSpice results with a 0.5 Ω resistance in series with the inductance: For Rload = 5 Ω,
Vo=56.6 V. (compared to 63.7 volts with an ideal inductor); for Rload = 50 Ω, Vo=82.7 V.
(compared to 84.1 volts with an ideal inductor).

4-23)

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Vm 120 2
a) I o  (1  cos  )  (1  cos 45 ) 4.61 A.
R  20
V 1  sin  120 2 1 45( /180) sin 90
b) I rms  m      5.72 A.
R 2 2 4 20 2 2 4
c) I s ,rms I o ,rms 5.72 A.
d ) P I rms
2
R (5.72) 2 20 655 W .; S Vrms I rms (120)(5.72) 686 VA.
P 655
pf   0.954
S 686

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4-24)

V 1  sin 2
I rms  m  
R 2 2 4
V 
S Vrms I rms  m  ; P I rms
2
R
 2
Vm 1  sin 2
2 2  
pf 
P

I Rrms

2 I rms R
 R 2 2 4
S  Vm  Vm Vm
  I rms
 2
1  sin 2  sin 2
 2    1 
2 2 4  2

4-25) a) α = 15° : Check for continuous current. First period:

V
i (t )  m sin((t )   )  Ae  t / 10.84sin(t  0.646)  5.75e  t /.754
Z
i (  ) 0   217 ;   180 37    continuous current
Or
L 377(0.050)
 tan  1 tan  1 37    continuous current
R 25
2V V 208.7
Vo  m cos  208.7 V .; I o  o  8.35 A.
 R 25

b) α = 75° Check for continuous current. First period:

 37 from part a,  75  discontinuous current

V
i(t )  m sin((t )   )  Ae  t / 10.84sin(t  0.646)  37.9e  t /0.754
Z
i(  ) 0   216 ;   180 36    discontinuous current

1
I o  i(t ) d (t ) 2.32 A.


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4-26)a) α = 20°: Check for continuous current. First period:

V
i(t )  m sin((t )   )  Ae  t / 4.12sin(t  0.756)  2.36e  t /0.943
Z
i(  ) 0   224 ,   180 42    continuous current
L 377(0.075)
 tan  1 tan  1 43    continuous current
R 30
2V V 101.5
Vo  m cos  101.5 V .; I o  o  3.38 A.
 R 30

b) α = 80°: Check for continuous current. First period:

V
i (t )  m sin((t )   )  Ae  t / 4.12sin(t  0.756)  10.8e  t /0.943
Z
i (  ) 0   221 ;   180 41    discontinuous current
L
 tan  1 37    discontinuous current
R

1
I o  i (t )d  t  0.838 A.


4-27) The source current is a square wave of ±Io.

V 2V
P I rms
2
R I o2 R; I o  o  m
pf R R
2 2
 2V   2V  1
P  m  R  m 
 R     R
Vm  2Vm  2Vm2
S Vs ,rms I s ,rms Vs ,rms I o    
2  R  R
2
 2Vm  1
P    R 2 2
pf   
S 2Vm2 
R

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4-28)

I o 4.5 A.  Vo I o R 4.5(20) 90 V .

I o 8 A.  Vo I o R 8(20) 160 V .
V 160
Eq. 4  23 : Vo  m (1  cos  ): forVo 160 V . and  0, Vm  251 V .
 2
V    90 
forVm 251 and Vo 90,  cos  1  o  1 cos  1   1 82.7
V
 m   251 
V ' 120 2
turns ratio  m  0.68 :1 or 1:148
Vm 251

Note that the turns ratio could be lower (higher secondary voltage) and α adjusted accordingly.

4-29)

Vo I o R 10(5) 50 V .; from Eq. 4  30,

V   50 
 cos  1  o  cos  1   62.5
 2Vm   2 2  120  
 
 L   1  377(.1) 
check for continuous current : tan  1   tan   82.4
 R   5 
62.5  82.4  continuous
V2 132 V . Z 2 75.6  I 2 1.75 A.
I o 2(1.75) 3.5 A.

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4-30)

2Vm 2 2(240)
Vo  cos   cos105  56 V .
 
100  56
Io  4.4 A.; Pdc I oVdc (4.4)(100) 440 W .
10
Pac Pbridge I oVo (4.4)(56) 246 W .
PR Pdc  Pac 440  246 194 W .
V2
From Fig . 4  12, 0.83 for  105
Vm
V2 0.83 Vm 0.83 2(240) 281 V .
Z 2  R  j 2 L  10  j 2(377)(.8) 603  R
V2 281
I2   0.47 A.; I o 2 I 2 0.94 A. p  p
Z 2 603

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4-31)

V V
a ) I o  o dc
R
V  V  1
Pbridge (absorbed )  I o ( Vo )  o dc  (  Vo )    (Vo2  VoVdc )
 R   R
Vo  VoVdc  Pbr R 0
2

Vo2  100Vo  2000(0.8) 0

Vo  20 V or  80 V .
2000 2000
with Vo  20, I o  100 A.; with Vo  80, I o  25 A.
20 80
choose Vo  80 V . to minimize losses
V    80 
 =cos  1  o  cos  1   137.8
 2Vm   2 2(120 
V
b) at  137.8 , from Fig . 4  12, 2 0.65  V2 0.65 2(120) 110 V .
Vm
I o  (.1) I o (.1)(25) 2.5 A.
I
I 2  o 1.25 A.
2
V 110
Z2  2  88   R  j 2o L 2o L
I 2 1.25
Z 88
L 2  0.117 H 117 mH
2o 2(377)

Choose L somewhat larger, say 120 mH, to allow for approximations.

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4-32) In Fig. 4-14, Pac = Pbridge = -VoIo = 1000 W. Using Vdc = -96 V gives this solution:

Kirchhoff ' s voltage law gives  Vo  (1)I o  96 0

 1000
Vo 
Io

1000
 I o  96 0
Io

I o2  96 I o  1000 0

I o 84.11 or 11.89 A. Use11.89 A.

then Vo  84.11V .

V    84.11 
 cos  1  o 1
 cos   141.1

 2Vm   2  120  2 

From Fig.4  14,

V2
Vm
0.64 gives V2 0.64 120 2 109 V .  
1.189
I o 2 I 2 0.10  I o  1.189 A. I2  0.595 A
2
V 109
Z2  2  183  R  j L  1  j L
I 2 0.595

183 183
 L 183 L  0.48 H .
 377

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4-33)

a ) Pdc 5000 W . absorbed  I oVdc  5000

 5000
Io  33.3 A.
 150
Vo  150  0.6 I o  150  0.6(33.3)  130 V .
2Vm V    130 
Vo  cos    cos  1  o  cos  1   127
  2Vm   2 2(240) 
b) Pbridge I o ( Vo ) (33.3)(130) 4329 W .
V2
c) From Fig. 4  12, at 127 , 0.73  V2 0.73(240) 2 248 V .
Vm
I o
I o 0.1I o 0.1(33.3) A.; I 2  1.67 A.
2
V 248
Z2  2  149  2o L
I 2 1.67
149
L 0.197 H 200 mH
2(377)

4-34)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a ) Vo   648 V .
 
V 648
Io  o  12.96 A.
R 50
V 480 2  2
b) io (t )  m sin t  sin t 13.6sin t for t 
R 50 3 3
2 /3
1
I rms   (13.6sin t ) d (t ) 12.98 A.
2

 /3  /3

2
I s ,rms  (12.98) 10.6 A.
3
c ) P I rms
2
R (12.98)2 50 8419 W .
S  3VI  3(480)(10.6) 8808 VA
P 8419
pf   0.956
S 8808

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4-35)

3Vm 3 2(240) V 324

a ) Vo   324 V .; I o  o  4.05 A.
  R 80
6Vm
b) V6  0.055Vm 0.055 2(240) 18.5 V .
 (62  1)
Z 6 R 80
V6 18.5
I6   0.23 A.
Z6 80
2
 0.23 
I rms  I  I 6 rms  4.05  
2
o
2
 4.06 A.
 2 
I 4.04
c) I D  o  2.02 A.
2 2
I 4.05
d ) I D ,rms  o, rms  2.87 A.
2 2
I o,rms 2 4.06 2
e) I s ,rms   3.31 A.
3 3
f ) P I 2
o , rms R (4.06) 2 80 1315 W .; S  3VI  3(240)(3.31) 1376 VA
P 1315
pf   0.956
S 1376

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4-36)

3Vm 3 2(480) V 649

a ) Vo   649 V .; I o  o  6.49 A.
  R 100
6Vm
b) V6  0.055Vm 0.055 2(480) 37.1 V .
 (62  1)
Z 6  R  j 6o L  100  j 6(377)(.015)  100  j37.9 106 
V6 37.1
I6   0.35 A.
Z 6 106
2
 0.35 
I rms  I  I 6 rms  6.49  
2
o
2
 6.49 A.
 2 
I 6.49
c) I D  o  3.25 A.
2 2
I 6.49
d ) I D , rms  o ,rms  4.59 A.
2 2
I o ,rms 2 6.49 2
e) I s , rms   5.3 A.
3 3
f ) P I 2
o , rms R (6.49) 2100 4212 W .; S  3VI  3(480)(5.3) 4406 VA
P 4212
pf   0.956
S 4406

4-37)

There are no differences between the calculations in Problem 4.36 and the PSpice results. The
power absorbed by each diode ia approximately 1.9 W.

4-38)Equation (4-46) gives values of of I1 = 28.6 A, I5 = 5.71 A, I7 = 4.08 A, I11 = 2.60 A, and I13
= 2.20 A. All compare well with the PSpice results. The total harmonic distortion (THD) is
27.2% when including harmonics through n = 13.

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4-39)

a ) Vo I o R (25)(120) 3000 V .
 V    3000 
 cos  1  o  cos  1   57.7
 3Vm   3 2(4160) 
V
b) From Fig. 4  21, 6 0.28  V6 0.28 2(4160) 1640 V .
Vm
V12
0.135  V12 794 V .
Vm
V18
0.09  V18 525 V .
Vm

c)

50A

0A Load

-50A
I(R)

40A
S1

0A
I(S1)
80A

S4
SEL>>
0A
I(S4)
50A
Ia
0A

-50A
65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms 95ms 100ms
-I(VAN)
Time

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4-40)

a ) Vo I o R (10)(50) 500 V .
 V    500 
 cos  1  o  cos  1   39.5
 3Vm   3 2(480) 
V
b) From Fig . 4  21, 6 0.21  V6 0.21 2(480) 143 V .
Vm
V12
0.1  V12 68 V .
Vm
V18
0.07  V18 48 V .
Vm

c)

20A

SEL>> Load
-20A
I(R)

S1
10A

0A
I(S1)

10A S4

0A
I(S4)

10A
0A Ia

-10A

65ms 70ms 75ms 80ms 85ms 90ms 95ms 100ms

-I(VAN)
Time

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4-41)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a ) Vo  cos   cos 35 531 V .
 
V 531
Io  o  10.6 A.
R 50
V
b) 6 0.19  V6 0.19 2(480) 130 V .
Vm
Z 6  R  j 60 L  50  j 6(377)(0.05) 124 
V6 130
I6   1.05 A.
Z 6 124
2 2
 I   1.05 
I o ,rms  i   6   10.62  
2
o  10.65 A.
 2  2 
 2  2
I s ,rms   I o, rms   10.65 8.6 A.
 3  3

4-42)

3Vm 3 2(480)
a ) Vo  cos   cos 50 417 V .
 
V 417
Io  o  41.7 A.
R 10
V
b) 6 0.25  V6 0.25 2(480) 170 V .
Vm
Z 6  R  j 60 L  10  j 6(377)(0.01) 24.7 
V6 170
I6   6.9 A.
Z 6 24.7
2 2
 I   6.9 
I o ,rms  i   6   41.72  
2
o  42.3 A.
 2  2
 2  2
I s ,rms   I o,rms   41.7 34 A.
 3  3

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4-43)

a ) Vo I o R (20)(20) 400 V .

 V    400 
a cos  1  o  cos  1   52
 3Vm   3 2(480) 
V
b) From Fig. 4  21, 6 0.25  V6 0.25( 2)(480) 170 V .
Vm
2 2 2
 I 6   I12   I18 
       0.02 I o or I 62  I122  I182  0.02 2 I o
 2  2  2
Z 6  R  j 6 L
V6
I 6  0.02 I o 0.02(20) 0.4 A.
Z6
V 170
Z6  6  425   R  j 6 L  20  j 6(377) L
I 6 0.4
6(377) L 425
425
L 0.188 H
6(377)
L 190 mH

4-44)

V     280 
 cos  1  o  cos  1   149.8
 3Vm   3 2  280  
 
300V  280V
Io  40 A
0.5
Pdc Vdc I o  300   40  12,000 W supplied

PR I o2 R 40 2  0.5  800 W absorbed

PBridge Pac  280   40  11, 200 W absorbed

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4-45)

 1.5(10)6 W . 
Pbridge 1.5 MW .; Vo    1500 V .
 1000 A. 
 V    ( 1500) 
 cos  1  o  cos  1   105.5
 3Vm   3 2(4160) 
 2
I s ,rms   1000 816 A.
 3 

4-46)

 100,000
With Pac Pbridge 100 kW absorbed, - Vo I o 100,000 or Vo 
Io

Kirchhoff's voltage law gives - Vo   I o   0.1   1000V 0

 100,000
Substituting for Vo ,   0.1I o  1000 0
Io

0.1I o2  1000 I o  100,000 0 yields the two roots Io 9,890 A or 101 A

Choose Io 101 A because this solution results in lower I o2 losses.

Vo  1000V  I o  0.1   1000   0.1 101  989.9 V

3Vm
Vo  cos  , where Vm  2 12,500  N 2 / N1  


V     989.9 
 cos  1  o  cos 1
 
 3Vm   3 2  12,500  N 2 / N1   
   
N 2 / N1 1 will theoretically work, but  = 93.36 , but the harmonic content will be large.

A better solution would be to choose N 2 / N1 to be perhaps 1/10 (step-down). Then  = 125.9

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V6
From Fig. 4-21, 0.3
Vm

Vm  2  12,500  N 2 / N1    2  12,500 / 10  1768 V

V6 0.3Vm 0.3  1768  530V

I o 2 I 6 0.5I o 0.5  101 5.05 A  I 6 2.525 A

V 530
Z6  6  210   R  j L  0.1  j 377 L 377 L
I 6 2.525

210
L 0.56 H
377

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4-47)

a) Vo1 
3Vm, L  L
cos(1 ) 

3 230 2  cos(45 ) 329.5 kV
 

Vo 2 
3Vm, L  L
cos( 2 ) 

3 230 2  cos(134.4 )  326 kV
 
V V 329.5kV  326kV
I o  o1 o 2  231 A
R 15
P1 Vo1 I o 76.17 MW

P2 Vo 2 I o  75.37 MW

b) Pline I o2 R 800 kW

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4-48)

3Vm
a) Vm 230 2 kV ; Vo  cos( )


Vo,max  

3Vm 3 230 2 
325.3 kV
 
V  
Let Vo 2  300 kV (arbitrarily ); Then  2 cos  1  o 2  164.98
 3Vm 
P  80 MW
Io  2  267 A (linecurrent )
Vo 2  300 kW

Vo1 I o R  Vo 2 267(12)  (  300kV ) 303.2 kV

Pline I o2 R 853 kW

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4-49)

3Vm
a) Vm 345 2 kV ; Vo  cos( )


Vo,max  

3Vm 3 345 2 
465.9 kV
 
V  
Let Vo 2  425kV (arbitrarily ); Then  2 cos  1  o 2  155.8
 3Vm 
P  300MW
Io  2  706 A (linecurrent )
Vo 2  425kW

Vo1 I o R  Vo 2 706(20)  ( 425kV ) 439.1kV

Pline I o2 R 9.97 MW

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4-50)

8 A.  I o 12 A.
 2V 
Vo  m  cos  I o R; Vo1 8(8) 64 V .; Vo 2 12(8) 96 V .
  
 64 
120  volt source : 1 cos  1   53.7
 2 2(120) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2 0.73  V2 124 V .
Vm
 96 
 2 cos  1   27.3
 2 2(120) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2 0.54  V2 92 V .
Vm
V 124
using V2 124 V . for 1 and I o  2.5 A., Z 2  2  99 
I 2 2.5 / 2
Z2 99
Z 2  R  j 20 L  L   0.13 H
20 2(377)
For the 240  volt source,
 64 
1 cos  1   72.8
 2 2(240) 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2 0.83  V2 280 V .
Vm
 96 
 2 cos  1   63.6
 2 2  240  
 
V
From Fig . 4  12, 2 0.78  V2 265 V .
Vm
V 280
using V2 280 V . for 1 and I o  2.5 A., Z 2  2  224 
I 2 2.5 / 2
Z2 244
Z 2  R  j 20 L 20 L  L   0.3 H
20 2(377)
The 120-volt source requires a smaller filter inductor.

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 lOMoARcPSD|4687171

4-51)

Io =15A in a 20- resistor. I o = 0.1(Io ) = 1.5 A.

First solution using the single-phase 480-V source with a controlled bridge rectifier:

V 
 cos  1  o  46
 2Vm 
I o 2 I 2  I 2 1.5 / 2 0.75 A

From Fig. 4-12, V2 /Vm 0.71  V2 0.71 2  480  482V

V 482
Z2  2  643   R  jn L  20  j 2  377  L
I 2 0.75

642
2  377  L 643  L  851 mH
2  377 

Second solution using the three-phase 480-V source with a controlled 6-pulse bridge rectifier:

 V   300 
 cos  1  o 1
 cos   62.4
 3V  3 2  480  
 m,L  L   
I o 2 I 6  I 6 1.5 / 2 0.75 A

From Fig. 4-12, V6 /Vm 0.28  V6 0.28 2  480  190V

V 190
Z6  6  253   R  jn L  20  j  6  377 L
I 6 0.75

253
6  377  L 253  L  112 mH
6  377 

Uncontrolled rectifiers with additional resistances added can also satisfy the specifications.
However, adding resistance would increase power loss and decrease efficiency.

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