MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022

(a) Real Gross Domestic Product (% change)

5-year
Autumn 2020 forecast
average
2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Belgium 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 -8.4 4.1 3.5
Germany 1.4 2.6 1.3 0.6 -5.6 3.5 2.6
Estonia 2.5 5.5 4.4 5.0 -4.6 3.4 3.5
Ireland 7.4 9.1 8.5 5.6 -2.3 2.9 2.6
Greece -2.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 -9.0 5.0 3.5
Spain 0.8 3.0 2.4 2.0 -12.4 5.4 4.8
France 0.8 2.3 1.8 1.5 -9.4 5.8 3.1
Italy -0.6 1.7 0.9 0.3 -9.9 4.1 2.8
Cyprus -0.4 5.2 5.2 3.1 -6.2 3.7 3.0
Latvia 2.8 3.3 4.0 2.1 -5.6 4.9 3.5
Lithuania 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.3 -2.2 3.0 2.6
Luxembourg 3.3 1.8 3.1 2.3 -4.5 3.9 2.7
Malta 6.1 8.0 5.2 4.9 -7.3 3.0 6.2
Netherlands 0.9 2.9 2.4 1.7 -5.3 2.2 1.9
Austria 0.9 2.4 2.6 1.4 -7.1 4.1 2.5
Portugal -0.1 3.5 2.8 2.2 -9.3 5.4 3.5
Slovenia 0.9 4.8 4.4 3.2 -7.1 5.1 3.8
Slovakia 2.4 3.0 3.8 2.3 -7.5 4.7 4.3
Finland 0.1 3.3 1.5 1.1 -4.3 2.9 2.2
Euro area 0.8 2.6 1.9 1.3 -7.8 4.2 3.0
Bulgaria 2.1 3.5 3.1 3.7 -5.1 2.6 3.7
Czechia 1.9 5.2 3.2 2.3 -6.9 3.1 4.5
Denmark 1.7 2.8 2.2 2.8 -3.9 3.5 2.4
Croatia 0.5 3.4 2.8 2.9 -9.6 5.7 3.7
Hungary 2.1 4.3 5.4 4.6 -6.4 4.0 4.5
Poland 2.6 4.8 5.4 4.5 -3.6 3.3 3.5
Romania 3.4 7.3 4.5 4.2 -5.2 3.3 3.8
Sweden 2.0 2.6 2.0 1.3 -3.4 3.3 2.4
EU 1.0 2.8 2.1 1.5 -7.4 4.1 3.0
P.M.: United Kingdom 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.3 -10.3 3.3 2.1
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(b) Total Investment (% change)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 2.3 1.4 3.4 3.4 -13.7 5.9 6.0
Germany 1.5 2.5 3.5 2.5 -3.8 2.8 2.7
Estonia 2.5 7.8 3.9 11.1 -12.3 6.8 8.1
Ireland 26.3 0.0 -6.3 74.9 -41.3 15.3 13.5
Greece -5.8 8.1 -6.6 -4.6 -8.0 5.5 4.0
Spain 0.0 6.8 6.1 2.7 -17.3 3.8 8.5
France 0.6 4.7 3.2 4.2 -10.9 10.8 1.7
Italy -2.5 3.2 3.1 1.6 -13.6 7.2 5.6
Cyprus 1.0 21.3 -5.2 2.0 -11.1 2.6 3.0
Latvia 0.1 11.4 11.8 2.1 -0.8 2.6 4.6
Lithuania 4.1 8.9 10.0 6.2 -8.5 9.6 7.9
Luxembourg 2.8 5.6 -5.9 3.9 -15.5 9.6 5.4
Malta 15.2 -0.7 3.1 8.8 -10.1 8.0 6.8
Netherlands 2.3 4.2 3.6 4.6 -6.3 3.3 3.1
Austria 1.7 4.1 3.9 4.0 -6.0 3.2 2.4
Portugal -2.2 11.5 6.2 5.4 -10.2 6.3 5.2
Slovenia -2.0 10.2 9.6 5.8 -11.5 7.1 8.5
Slovakia 1.3 3.5 2.6 5.8 -12.6 9.2 8.6
Finland 0.5 4.8 3.9 -1.0 -5.1 3.7 4.0
Euro area 0.9 3.8 3.2 5.8 -11.2 6.1 4.2
Bulgaria 0.4 3.2 5.4 4.5 -11.5 0.5 7.0
Czechia 0.9 4.9 10.0 2.2 -7.5 3.3 6.3
Denmark 4.6 4.0 4.8 2.8 -4.4 2.9 3.7
Croatia 1.1 5.1 6.5 7.1 -8.2 5.5 4.5
Hungary 2.7 19.7 16.4 12.2 -10.4 4.1 6.9
Poland 1.0 4.0 9.4 7.2 -6.2 4.2 4.7
Romania 1.6 3.5 -1.1 17.8 2.5 4.1 4.5
Sweden 3.3 5.5 1.4 -1.0 -3.4 1.8 3.7
EU 1.1 4.1 3.5 5.7 -10.3 5.6 4.2
P.M.: United Kingdom 4.5 2.8 0.4 1.5 -13.7 1.1 4.1
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(c) Employment growth (%) (1)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 0.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 -0.7 -1.0 1.7
Germany 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.9 -1.0 0.2 0.6
Estonia 1.4 2.7 1.2 1.3 -3.5 0.2 1.7
Ireland 2.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 -0.4 -3.6 1.1
Greece -0.1 -0.5 1.4 1.2 -3.6 1.7 1.6
Spain -0.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 -8.7 3.5 2.0
France 0.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 -10.5 7.0 2.9
Italy -0.3 0.8 0.7 0.2 -10.3 6.1 2.4
Cyprus -1.0 5.4 5.3 3.1 -2.6 1.1 1.5
Latvia 0.7 0.0 1.5 -0.1 -3.2 0.4 0.8
Lithuania 1.8 -0.7 1.4 0.5 -2.8 0.3 0.5
Luxembourg 2.5 3.4 3.7 3.6 2.0 2.0 2.1
Malta 4.1 8.1 6.0 5.8 -0.8 1.9 4.3
Netherlands 0.3 2.2 2.6 1.9 -1.1 -1.7 0.8
Austria 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.1 -2.5 1.5 1.2
Portugal -0.5 3.3 2.3 0.8 -3.8 2.1 1.7
Slovenia 0.3 3.0 3.2 2.5 -0.9 0.5 2.2
Slovakia 1.0 2.2 2.0 1.0 -1.6 -1.0 0.8
Finland 0.0 1.0 2.5 1.7 -2.5 0.9 1.1
Euro area 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 -5.3 2.5 1.6
Bulgaria -0.3 1.8 -0.1 0.3 -2.9 0.5 1.0
Czechia 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.2 -1.1 -0.5 1.5
Denmark 0.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 -1.3 0.8 1.1
Croatia -0.5 2.4 2.6 3.1 -1.4 0.3 0.6
Hungary 2.5 1.9 2.3 1.3 -3.5 0.4 1.3
Poland 0.8 1.3 0.5 -0.2 -1.7 -2.0 1.3
Romania -0.2 2.4 0.1 0.0 -2.6 0.3 1.2
Sweden 1.3 2.5 1.6 0.6 -1.7 0.0 1.6
EU 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.9 -4.5 1.8 1.6
P.M.: United Kingdom 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.9 -1.7 1.9
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(d) Unemployment rate (%)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 8.2 7.1 6.0 5.4 5.9 7.0 6.2
Germany 4.9 3.8 3.4 3.1 4.0 4.0 3.8
Estonia 7.8 5.8 5.4 4.4 7.5 7.8 6.7
Ireland 11.9 6.7 5.8 5.0 5.3 8.9 8.7
Greece 25.4 21.5 19.3 17.3 18.0 17.5 16.7
Spain 23.4 17.2 15.3 14.1 16.7 17.9 17.3
France 10.2 9.4 9.0 8.5 8.5 10.7 10.0
Italy 11.8 11.2 10.6 10.0 9.9 11.6 11.1
Cyprus 14.4 11.1 8.4 7.1 8.2 7.8 7.2
Latvia 11.4 8.7 7.4 6.3 8.3 8.0 7.5
Lithuania 10.6 7.1 6.2 6.3 8.9 8.0 6.9
Luxembourg 6.0 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.6 7.1 7.1
Malta 5.6 4.0 3.7 3.6 5.1 4.7 4.1
Netherlands 6.7 4.9 3.8 3.4 4.4 6.4 6.1
Austria 5.5 5.5 4.9 4.5 5.5 5.1 4.9
Portugal 14.0 9.0 7.1 6.5 8.0 7.7 6.6
Slovenia 9.1 6.6 5.1 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.4
Slovakia 12.5 8.1 6.5 5.8 6.9 7.8 7.1
Finland 8.6 8.6 7.4 6.7 7.9 7.7 7.4
Euro area 11.1 9.0 8.1 7.5 8.3 9.4 8.9
Bulgaria 10.7 6.2 5.2 4.2 5.8 5.6 5.0
Czechia 5.8 2.9 2.2 2.0 2.7 3.3 3.2
Denmark 6.9 5.8 5.1 5.0 6.1 5.8 5.5
Croatia 16.0 11.2 8.5 6.6 7.7 7.5 6.9
Hungary 8.2 4.2 3.7 3.4 4.4 4.4 3.9
Poland 8.6 4.9 3.9 3.3 4.0 5.3 4.1
Romania 6.7 4.9 4.2 3.9 5.9 6.2 5.1
Sweden 7.7 6.7 6.4 6.8 8.8 9.2 8.1
EU 10.4 8.1 7.2 6.7 7.7 8.6 8.0
P.M.: United Kingdom 6.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 5.0 7.3 6.2
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(e) Consumer-price inflation (%) (1)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.6
Germany 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.4 1.4 1.3
Estonia 1.8 3.7 3.4 2.3 -0.5 1.4 2.1
Ireland 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.9 -0.5 0.3 1.6
Greece -0.5 1.1 0.8 0.5 -1.3 0.9 1.3
Spain 0.6 2.0 1.7 0.8 -0.2 0.9 1.0
France 0.8 1.2 2.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.5
Italy 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.6 -0.1 0.7 1.0
Cyprus 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 -0.9 0.9 1.3
Latvia 0.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 0.3 1.3 1.8
Lithuania 0.9 3.7 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.7
Luxembourg 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.6 0.2 1.5 1.8
Malta 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.6
Netherlands 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.7 1.1 1.3 1.4
Austria 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7
Portugal 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.3 -0.1 0.9 1.2
Slovenia 0.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 0.0 0.9 1.8
Slovakia 0.9 1.4 2.5 2.8 2.0 0.7 1.4
Finland 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.4
Euro area 0.9 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.1 1.3
Bulgaria -0.2 1.2 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.4 1.8
Czechia 1.2 2.4 2.0 2.6 3.4 2.3 2.0
Denmark 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.1 1.3
Croatia 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.1 1.2 1.5
Hungary 1.6 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0
Poland 0.7 1.6 1.2 2.1 3.6 2.0 3.1
Romania 1.3 1.1 4.1 3.9 2.5 2.5 2.4
Sweden 0.7 1.9 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.8 1.3
EU 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.5
P.M.: United Kingdom 1.5 2.7 2.5 1.8 0.9 2.3 2.9
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(f) Current-account balance (% of GDP)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 1.2 0.7 -0.8 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.4
Germany 7.7 8.0 7.6 7.3 6.2 6.6 6.6
Estonia 0.4 2.3 0.9 1.9 2.8 2.0 1.2
Ireland -0.1 0.5 6.0 -11.3 5.7 0.2 -1.1
Greece -2.1 -1.5 -3.1 -1.7 -6.2 -6.4 -4.8
Spain 1.8 2.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.5 2.8
France -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 -0.8 -3.0 -2.8 -1.6
Italy 1.4 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9
Cyprus -2.8 -5.3 -3.9 -6.3 -10.4 -10.1 -9.9
Latvia -1.3 1.3 -0.3 -0.6 2.3 1.2 0.1
Lithuania 0.0 0.5 0.3 3.3 4.6 3.7 2.9
Luxembourg -0.5 -0.9 0.0 2.2 0.8 1.2 1.8
Malta 2.4 11.2 11.1 4.4 0.5 0.1 1.4
Netherlands 8.8 10.8 10.8 9.9 8.4 8.0 7.9
Austria 2.2 1.5 1.4 3.0 2.3 2.9 3.2
Portugal 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.2 -0.9 -0.5 -0.5
Slovenia 3.4 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.0 4.4 3.1
Slovakia 1.1 -0.9 -0.1 -1.7 -3.1 -1.6 -0.9
Finland -1.7 -0.8 -1.7 -0.2 -1.5 -1.2 -1.7
Euro area 3.1 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.8
Bulgaria 1.6 6.1 4.6 5.2 3.5 4.0 4.4
Czechia -1.4 0.8 -0.8 -1.0 -2.3 -2.0 -1.5
Denmark 7.8 8.0 7.0 8.9 6.7 6.8 7.2
Croatia 0.8 3.9 2.4 3.1 -1.7 -0.4 0.3
Hungary 2.6 1.9 0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3
Poland -1.0 0.1 -0.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.1
Romania -1.8 -3.4 -4.4 -4.7 -4.6 -4.8 -4.9
Sweden 3.9 2.8 2.4 4.2 4.4 3.9 4.0
EU 2.9 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.7
P.M.: United Kingdom -4.6 -3.5 -3.9 -3.8 -3.1 -2.9 -2.7
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(g) General government balance (% of GDP)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium -3.1 -0.7 -0.8 -1.9 -11.2 -7.1 -6.3
Germany 0.5 1.4 1.8 1.5 -6.0 -4.0 -2.5
Estonia 0.1 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 -5.9 -5.9 -5.1
Ireland -4.1 -0.3 0.1 0.5 -6.8 -5.8 -2.5
Greece -6.2 0.7 1.0 1.5 -6.9 -6.3 -3.4
Spain -6.6 -3.0 -2.5 -2.9 -12.2 -9.6 -8.6
France -4.0 -3.0 -2.3 -3.0 -10.5 -8.3 -6.1
Italy -2.7 -2.4 -2.2 -1.6 -10.8 -7.8 -6.0
Cyprus -4.2 1.9 -3.5 1.5 -6.1 -2.3 -2.3
Latvia -1.1 -0.8 -0.8 -0.6 -7.4 -3.5 -3.3
Lithuania -1.3 0.5 0.6 0.3 -8.4 -6.0 -2.8
Luxembourg 1.2 1.3 3.1 2.4 -5.1 -1.3 -1.1
Malta -1.5 3.2 2.0 0.5 -9.4 -6.3 -3.9
Netherlands -2.2 1.3 1.4 1.7 -7.2 -5.7 -3.8
Austria -1.9 -0.8 0.2 0.7 -9.6 -6.4 -3.7
Portugal -5.0 -3.0 -0.3 0.1 -7.3 -4.5 -3.0
Slovenia -5.8 -0.1 0.7 0.5 -8.7 -6.4 -5.1
Slovakia -3.1 -0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -9.6 -7.9 -6.0
Finland -2.4 -0.7 -0.9 -1.0 -7.6 -4.8 -3.4
Euro area -2.5 -0.9 -0.5 -0.6 -8.8 -6.4 -4.7
Bulgaria -1.6 1.1 2.0 1.9 -3.0 -3.0 -1.4
Czechia -1.4 1.5 0.9 0.3 -6.2 -4.7 -3.7
Denmark -1.0 1.8 0.7 3.8 -4.2 -2.5 -1.9
Croatia -4.2 0.8 0.2 0.4 -6.5 -2.8 -3.2
Hungary -2.3 -2.4 -2.1 -2.1 -8.4 -5.4 -4.3
Poland -3.3 -1.5 -0.2 -0.7 -8.8 -4.2 -3.0
Romania -2.0 -2.6 -2.9 -4.4 -10.3 -11.3 -12.5
Sweden -0.6 1.4 0.8 0.5 -3.9 -2.5 -1.4
EU -2.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.5 -8.4 -6.1 -4.5
P.M.: United Kingdom -5.4 -2.4 -2.2 -2.3 -13.4 -9.0 -7.6
 MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS 2012-2022
Table 2:
(h) General government gross debt (% of GDP)

5-year average Autumn 2020 forecast

2012-16 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Belgium 105.5 102.0 99.8 98.1 117.7 117.8 118.6
Germany 75.4 65.1 61.8 59.6 71.2 70.1 69.0
Estonia 10.1 9.1 8.2 8.4 17.2 22.5 26.4
Ireland 99.0 67.0 63.0 57.4 63.1 66.0 66.0
Greece 175.7 179.2 186.2 180.5 207.1 200.7 194.8
Spain 96.3 98.6 97.4 95.5 120.3 122.0 123.9
France 94.5 98.3 98.1 98.1 115.9 117.8 119.4
Italy 132.9 134.1 134.4 134.7 159.6 159.5 159.1
Cyprus 100.7 93.5 99.2 94.0 112.6 108.2 102.8
Latvia 40.3 39.0 37.1 36.9 47.5 45.9 45.5
Lithuania 40.2 39.1 33.7 35.9 47.2 50.7 49.5
Luxembourg 22.1 22.3 21.0 22.0 25.4 27.3 28.9
Malta 60.7 48.8 45.2 42.6 55.2 60.0 59.3
Netherlands 65.7 56.9 52.4 48.7 60.0 63.5 65.9
Austria 83.0 78.5 74.0 70.5 84.2 85.2 85.1
Portugal 131.2 126.1 121.5 117.2 135.1 130.3 127.2
Slovenia 73.0 74.1 70.3 65.6 82.2 80.2 79.8
Slovakia 52.8 51.7 49.9 48.5 63.4 65.7 67.6
Finland 59.3 61.3 59.6 59.3 69.8 71.8 72.5
Euro area 93.6 89.7 87.7 85.9 101.7 102.3 102.6
Bulgaria 23.2 25.3 22.3 20.2 25.7 26.4 26.3
Czechia 41.3 34.2 32.1 30.2 37.9 40.6 42.2
Denmark 42.0 35.9 34.0 33.3 45.0 41.1 40.9
Croatia 80.2 77.5 74.3 72.8 86.6 82.4 81.7
Hungary 76.6 72.2 69.1 65.4 78.0 77.9 77.2
Poland 53.4 50.6 48.8 45.7 56.6 57.3 56.4
Romania 37.8 35.1 34.7 35.3 46.7 54.6 63.6
Sweden 41.7 40.7 38.9 35.1 39.9 40.5 40.3
EU 87.2 83.2 81.2 79.2 93.9 94.6 94.9
P.M.: United Kingdom 85.4 86.3 85.8 85.4 104.4 111.0 113.7