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Chapter – 7

Respiration in Plants
I. Answer the following.
1. What happens to the energy liberated in respiraton?
The energy liberated in respiration is stored in the form of ATP inside the cell and some part of
it is lost as heat.

2. Can cell respiration occur in any organism at a temperature of about 650C ? Give reason.
Cell respiration cannot occur in any organism at a temperature of about 650C because the
enzymes involved in respiration become inactivated at high temperature.

3. How is respiration and burning similar?


Both respiration and burning requires oxygen, both liberate energy and both give the end
product carbon dioxide and water.

4. Given below is a set of six experimental set-ups (A-F), kept in this state for about 24 hours.
(a) In how many flasks, the different plants parts have been kept under observation?
Five flasks (A-E) have been kept under observation.
(b) What is the purpose of keeping a test-tube containing lime water in each flask?
Lime water is used to show the presence of carbon dioxide in the experimental setup.
Carbon dioxide turns lime water milky
(c) In which tubes the lime water will turn milky?
Except F, in all the test tubes lime water turns milky.
(d) What is the purpose of set-up F?
No change in lime water in test tube F shows that respiration does not take place in the flask F
(e) What conclusion can you draw from this experiment?
It is concluded from this experiment, that carbon dioxide is produced during respiration.

5. The following diagram refers to an apparatus which is used to demonstrate a physiological


process.
(a) What is the purpose of keeping KOH solution in the test tubes X and Y?
KOH solution is kept in test tubes X and Y to absorb carbon dioxide evolved by the seeds
in respiration process.
(b) Why has the coloured water risen in tubing1?
The coloured water has risen in tubing 1 showing that the germinating peas have used
oxygen present in the test tube for process respiration.
(c) What is the purpose of keeping boiled peas soaked in a disinfectant in test tube Y?
Boiled peas are soaked in a disinfectant in the test tube Y to show that killed seeds do not
respire and to avoid bacterial decay.
(d) Name the biological process which causes the above rise.
The biological process is respiration.
(e) Define the biological process shown in the experiment.
Respiration is a catabolic process of releasing energy from simple sugar glucose for
carrying out life process.

6. In order to study and prove a particular physiological process in plants, the following experiment
was set up. Study the same and then answer the questions that follows.
(a) Name the physiological process being studied.
The physiological process being studied is respiration.
(b) What is the function of soda lime in the bottle ‘A’ and why is lime water placed in bottle ‘B’?
Soda lime in bottle ‘A’ absorbs carbon dioxide from air passing through it. Lime water in
bottle ‘B’ is placed to ensure air entering the bottle ‘C’ is free from carbon dioxide gas.
(c) What change would you except to observe in bottle ‘D’?
Lime water in bottle ‘D’ will turn milky due to the presence of carbon dioxide released
by the seeds during the process of respiration.
(d) Represent the physiological process named in (a) above in the form of a chemical equation.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38 ATP + Heat
(e) In order to obtain accurate results, the bottle ‘C’ should be covered with a piece of black cloth.
Why?
The bottle ‘C’ should be covered with a piece of black cloth to prevent photosynthesis. If
photosynthesis occurs, the released carbon dioxide during respiration will be used up and the
desired result will not be obtained.
(f) If bottle ‘C’ were fitted with a 3-holed rubber stopper and a thermometer were introduced in
such a way that its bulb reaches close to the germinating seeds, what would you observe? Why?
If bottle ‘C’ were fitted with a 3-holed rubber stopper and a thermometer were
introduced, a rise in temperature would be noticed and it is due heat produced by germinating
seeds during respiration process.

BIOLOGY WORK BOOK

1. Tick ( √ ) the most appropriate answer in the following questions.


(a) The word respiration simply means the taking in and expulsion of air from the organism, but in
the wider sense it means : oxidation of food to provide energy.
(b) Apart from the stomata, through which other way can oxygen enter the plants : through
lenticels.
(c) The energy in respiration is released in the form of : chemical and heat energy.
(d) Plants respire either aerobically or anaerobically. In anaerobic respiration the products are :
carbon dioxide, alcohol and energy.
(e) The breakdown reactions in respiration take place only in the presence of : enzymes.
(f) In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis takes place : in the cytoplasm.
(g) In glycolysis, ultimately : glucose is converted to pyruvic acid.
(h) The respiratory organelle is : mitochondria.
(i) Glycolysis occurs in : Cytoplasm.

2. (a) What is respiration?


Respiration is a catabolic process of releasing energy from simple sugar glucose for
carrying out life process.
(b) Write in chemical symbols, the equation for respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 + 38 ATP + Heat
(c) Name the three inlets of plants through oxygen enters from the atmosphere.
(i) Stomata in leaves. (ii) Lenticels in stem. (iii) General surface of roots.

(d) Choose the option given in brackets and fill in the blanks:
(i) Respiration is a catabolic process.
(ii) The anaerobic phase of aerobic respiration is glycolysis.
(iii) Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm of the cell.
(iv) Plants breathe in oxygen gas during respiration.

3. Name the following :


(i)The type of respiration which proceeds even without oxygen. – Anaerobic respiration
(ii) The type of respiration in which free oxygen is used for complete oxidation of glucose. –
Aerobic respiration
(iii) The chemical which is used in certain experiments for absorbing carbon dioxide of the air. –
Soda lime
(iv) The aqueous solution which turns milky when combined with carbon dioxide. – Calcium
carbonate

4. State whether the following statements are True or False. If false, then write the correct
statements :
(i)The leaves of the plant obtain oxygen from the atmosphere through lenticels. False ( Stomata)
(ii) The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water does not occur in a single step, but in a
series of chemical steps. True
(iii) All activities inside the living cell need energy which is available in the form of ADP. False
(ATP)
(iv) In plants, one of the end products of respiration is lactic acid. False (CO2andH2O)

5. State two differences between each of the following pairs:


(a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration. – Aerobic respiration proceeds in the
presence of oxygen and the end-products are carbon dioxide and water while Anaerobic respiration
proceeds in the absence of oxygen and the end-products are ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
(b) Anabolic process and catabolic process. – Anabolic process is a constructive or biosynthetic
process and anabolic activities use energy while catabolic process is destructive or breaking up
process and catabolic activities produce energy.
(c) Burning and respiration. – Burning is physico-chemical process and occurs at high
temperature while Respiration is biochemical process and occurs at body temperature.
(d) Photosynthesis and respiration. – Photosynthesis uses CO2 and H2O and releases oxygen as an
end product while Respiration uses oxygen and glucose and releases CO2 as end product.

6. Match the items in column I with those in column II.


Column I Column II
a. Fermentation Mitochondria(c)
b. Glycolysis 38 molecules of ATP per molecules of glucose (d)
c. Krebs’ cycle Anabolic process (f)
d. Aerobic respiration Yeast (a)
e. Respiration Cytoplasm (b)
f. Photosynthesis Catabolic process (e)
g. Anaerobic respiration 2 molecules of ATP per molecules of glucose (g)

7. An apparatus as shown in the adjacent diagram was set up. Conical flask A contained
germinating bean seeds and flask B had dead seeds. A small tube containing soda lime was
introduced in each of the flasks and the experiment was carried out for about 48 hours. Study
the diagram carefully and answer the following questions.
(a) What was being investigated in the experiment?
This experiment shows that oxygen is used up in respiration.
(b) What was the purpose of introducing soda lime into the conical flask A and B?
Soda lime is introduced for absorbing any carbon dioxide released by the seeds.
(c) Why are the boiled seeds soaked in a disinfectant?
Boiled seeds were soaked in a disinfectant to avoid bacterial decay.
(d) Why did the delivery tube connected with flask A show greater rise in water level?
CO2 was absent flask A and all O2 was used by germinating seeds and the volume of O2 and
CO2 used up was indicated by the rise of water level.
(e) Which of the two flasks serves as a control?
Flask B serves as a control.

8. An apparatus as shown in the diagram below was set up to investigate a physiological process.
(a) What is this experimental set-up designed to show?
To show that carbon dioxide is produced during respiration by seeds.
(b) What is the purpose of keeping caustic soda or soda lime in flask A?
Caustic soda or soda lime is kept in flask A to absorb carbon dioxide of the atmospheric air.
(c) What is the purpose of flask B?
Lime water in flask B is placed to ensure air entering flask C is free from carbon dioxide gas.
(d) What happens in flask D?
Lime water in flask D turns milky.
(e) What modifications of the apparatus would be necessary if the germinating seeds were replaced
by green leaves? Give reasons.
If the germinating seeds were replaced by green leaves, the result should be the same because
green leaves also respire to give out carbon dioxide.

9. An apparatus as shown below was set up and kept in the dark to demonstrate process
occurring in plants.
(a) What is being tested in the experiment?
This experiment proves that carbon dioxide is produced by green plants during respiration.
(b) What is the purpose of flask A?
Soda lime is used in flask A to make air free from carbon dioxide.
(c) What other plant material could be used instead of the plant shown in the figure above?
Germinating seeds can be used instead of the plant.
(d) How is air made to pass through the whole apparatus?
Air is made to pass through the whole apparatus with the help of an air pump.
(e) What possible results would be obtained if the set-up was kept in sunlight for about 5 hours?
The green plants perform photosynthesis and due to this, the result of the respiration cannot be
observed properly

10. Moist germinated seeds were placed in a vaccum flask A, and seeds which were killed by
boiling and soaked in formalin were placed in a vaccum flask B. Thermometers were inserted
in the flasks and the mouth of each flask was plugged with moist cotton wool. The initial
temperature and the temperature after 48 hours was noted. Answer the following questions.

(a) State the object of using the apparatus?


Object - To prove that heat is generated during respiration by germination of seeds
(b) Explain why a rise in temperature occurs in flask A and not in flask B.
Seeds of flask A respire and break down glucose during germination to produce energy as heat.
(c) Why was formalin added to the killed seeds in flasks?
If formalin was not used, the bacterial decay would have occurred resulting in production of heat
and temperature of the flask B would have risen considerably.
(d) Why were the flasks inverted?
The flasks were inverted as the seeds inside the flasks completely surrounded the bulb of
thermometers.

11. A flasks, with a bent tube (respiroscope) with some germinated seeds in it, is inverted over a
beaker of the mercury as shown in the diagram alongside. A stick of caustic potash is
introduces into the stem of the respiroscope. After a few hours the mercury is observed to
have risen in the stem.

(a) What is the object of the experiment?


Object – To demonstrate CO2 is produced during anaerobic respiration by the germinating seeds.
(b) Why does the mercury rise in the stem of the respiroscope?
Mercury rises in the stem of the respiroscope as caustic potash absorbs CO2.
(c) What volume of the flask is occupied by the mercury at the end of the experiment? Why?
The level of mercury will be the same as it was in the beginning of the experiment because
germinating seeds respire even in the absence of air.
(d) What difference would there be in the result if the stick of caustic potash was omitted from the
apparatus? Explain your answer.
The level of mercury will fall and the liberated gas will be CO2 if caustic potash was omitted
from the apparatus.

12. Briefly outline [the significance of respiration in life]. are as follows : 1) Energy is released in a
series of steps. 2) Energy thus released may be utilized for metabolic activities of organism. 3)
Energy can be stored and used when required.

13. Fill in the blanks :


(a) Two products of aerobic respiration are CO2 and H2O.
(b) The energy stored in glucose is derived from ATP.
(c) One molecule of glucose on oxidation yields 38 molecule of ATP.
(d) The process of respiration is common in all plants and animals.
(e) Plants such as yeast produce ethanol and CO2 during anaerobic respiration.
(f) In anaerobic respiration, the release of energy occurs in the absence of oxygen.
(g) Respiration is a destructive or catabolic process, while photosynthesis is a constructive or
anabolic process.
(h) One gram of glucose on oxidation yields 674K calories of energy in aerobic respiration and 28K
calories in anaerobic respiration.
(i) The immediate source of energy for metabolic reactions in a living cell is ATP.
(j) Starch is a respiratory substrate.

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