MINI RESEARCH THERMODYNAMIC

"Students' Response Towards Learning Temperature Measurement of Solid,

Liquid and Gas"

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Makmur Sirait, M.Si

ARRANGED BY:

MAULIDATUL FADHILAH (4193121014)

MARIA ANGEL AFRITESIA (4192421016)

LIHARDO ROTUA SINAGA (4193121022)

PHYSICS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM 2019

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2020

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 FOREWORD

Praise and thank God Almighty, because of His grace we are still given the
opportunity to be able to carry out Mini Thermodynamic Research assignments as fulfillment
of duties in participating in lecture activities in Thermodynamics courses with Prof. Dr.
Makmur Sirait, M.Si.

We are fully aware that in making this task is still far from perfect and of course
there are still many shortcomings. For this reason, we are looking forward to constructive
criticism and suggestions for the perfection of subsequent assignments.

That is what we can convey, we hope that this Mini Research can be useful for
writers in particular and also for readers.

Medan, October 2020

Group 1

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 Table of Contents
Foreword 2

Table of contents 3

Summary 4

CHAPTER I Introduction 5

Background 5

Objectives and benefits 5

CHAPTER II Thinking Framework 6

Problem Description 6

Research subject 6

Data Assessment 6

CHAPTER III Research Methods 7

Research methods 7

Research Steps 7

Data collection technique 7

CHAPTER IV Discussion 8

Discussion Analysis / Problem Solving 10

Research Strengths 12

Weaknesses of Research 12

CHAPTER V Closing 13

Conclusion 13

Suggestion 13

Reference 14

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 SUMMARY
Thermodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that deals with the laws of heat
movement, and the transformation of heat into other forms of energy. This energy can change
from one form to another, both naturally and as a result of technological engineering. This
branch of science is based on two basic principles originally derived from experimentation,
but which are now considered as axioms (a statement that is accepted as truth and is general,
without requiring proof). The first principle is the law of conservation of energy, which takes
the form of the law of equality of heat and work. The second principle states that heat itself
cannot flow from a colder object to a hotter object without changes in the two objects.
In the discussion of thermodynamics we also discuss temperature. Temperature is a
thermodynamic quantity indicating the amount of the average translational kinetic energy of
molecules in a gas system. Temperature is also usually defined as the measure or degree of
coldness of an object or system. The temperature can be measured using thermodynamics. A
device that is represented by a number is called a temperature measurement scale. In practice,
in learning physics at school, there are several concepts, methods or formulas for measuring
the temperature of an object, both solid, liquid and gas. Analysis of students' responses or
analysis of students' abilities in learning to measure the temperature of solids, liquids and
gases aims to see how students understand and capture students' ability to learn to measure
the temperature of solids,

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 CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1. Background

Thermodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that deals with the laws of heat
movement, and the conversion of heat into other forms of energy. This energy can change
from one form to another, both naturally and the result of technological engineering. There
are many things discussed in thermodynamics, including temperature, measurement of
temperature, heat, work, internal energy, the laws of thermodynamics and many more.

Temperature measurement is an important part of this thermodynamics. This

temperature measurement is to measure the degree of heat of an object or object be it solid,
liquid and gas. In everyday life, people tend to use the sense of touch to measure temperature.
The special tool used to measure temperature is a thermometer. In practice, in learning
physics at school, there are several concepts, methods or formulas for measuring the
temperature of an object, both solid, liquid and gas. Therefore, in this mini research, we want
to see the responses and abilities of students towards learning to measure the temperature of
solid, liquid and gas at school.

1.2. Objectives and benefits

Our aim in conducting this mini research is to fulfill our Thermodynamics course
assignments. And also to find out how responses and abilities of students to learning
temperature measurement of solids, liquids and gases at school. While the benefit is that we
can add insight into how to make good mini research and increase knowledge about
measurement temperature of solid, liquid and gas.

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 CHAPTER II
FRAMEWORK
2.1. Description of the Problem
Measurement is the determination of the quantity, dimension, or capacity, usually
against a standard or unit of measurement. Measurement is a process of comparing a quantity
with other similar quantities and is used as a unit. Or in other words, measurement is the
determination of the quantity, dimension, or capacity usually against a standard or unit of
measurement. There are many measurements that can be used in physics, measuring length,
area, volume, velocity, acceleration, temperature and other measurements.
Temperature is a measure that states the degree of heat and coldness of an object and
the tool used to measure temperature is a thermometer. In everyday life, people tend to use
the sense of touch to measure temperature. But with the development of technology, a
thermometer was invented to measure temperature validly. In the thermometer there are 4
scales used, namely: Celsius, Reaumur, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
Basically learning temperature measurement is not difficult learning but in
measuring temperature there are several concept, method or formula used. And in practice at
school there are several difficulties that students experience in solving questions about this
temperature measurement so it is necessary to analyze students' responses regarding learning
temperature measurement of solids, liquids and gases.
2.2. Research subject
The subjects of this study were 24 students and students.
2.3. Assessment Data

The assessment of the data obtained was that it was true that there were several
difficulties experienced by students in learning temperature measurement of solid, liquid and
gas. This is based on the lack of understanding or the lack of skill of students in
understanding concepts, methods of work and formulas in learning temperature measurement
of solid, liquid and gas.

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 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
3.1. Research methods
The method used in this mini research is to ask for student and student opinions
online.
3.2. Research Steps

The research step taken was to create an online questionnaire using Google Forms.
Then share the link and ask students or students to fill out a questionnaire. In the
questionnaire, several questions were given regarding temperature measurement. In addition,
these students and students also provide feedback on temperature measurements in solids,
liquids and gases.

3.3. Data collection technique

The data collection technique used is to see directly the results of sending online
questionnaires or responses about the problem being studied from students and students on
Google Forms.
The data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis, qualitatively by
looking at the responses or comments of students and students in the comments column,
while quantitatively presenting them in the form of graphs and percentage estimates.

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 CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
Questionnaire for Students' Responses to Learning Measurement of Solid, Liquid and
Gas Temperature

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1.1. Discussion Analysis or Problem Solving

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 From the results of the students 'questionnaire answers, we know that there are some
students' lack of understanding of the concepts, working methods and formulas in this
temperature measurement learning. The participants already knew the basic concepts of
temperature measurement but were lacking in the application of temperature measurement
and temperature calculations. In the first question, it can be seen that the level of students'
understanding of the definition of temperature 21 out of 24 people answered correctly (about
87.5%). In the second question about the tools used to measure temperature 95.8% of
students answered correctly, while 4.2% were wrong. In the third question about the scale
used on the thermometer, 100% of students answered correctly. On the fourth question, about
the liquid that is usually used in the thermometer, 100% of people know that the liquid
thermometer instructions that are commonly used are alcohol and mercury. In the next
question about the advantages of mercury as a filler for the thermometer tube, only 33.3% of
students answered correctly, while 66.7% answered incorrectly. In the last question about
calculating temperature by changing the scale used
a. The first part (Celcius thermometer) as many as 54.2% answered correctly
b. The second part (Kelvin thermometer) as many as 70.8% answered correctly
c. The third part (Reamur thermometer) as many as 54.2% answered correctly
Based on the responses of students that we have obtained, we can conclude that most
students already know and understand the basic concepts of temperature but in application,
measurement and calculation of temperature there are still students who do not know the
concepts, working methods and formulas that are used. used in temperature measurement of
solids, liquids and gases.
1.2. Research Strengths
The strength of this research is sufficient because apart from coming from
qualitative data it also comes from quantitative data. Where the qualitative data is from
students' personal responses and comments regarding the material. While quantitative data
from the percentage of answers to the questionnaire.
1.3. Weaknesses of Research
The weakness of this research is that this research was conducted online so that it
did not see respondents directly when answering the questionnaire, some of the respondents'
answers were incomplete and the data entered was not valid either name, email or other data.

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 CHAPTER V
CLOSING
5.1. Conclusion
From the mini research conducted, it can be concluded that most of the students
already know and understand the basic concepts of temperature but in application,
measurement and calculation of temperature there are still students who do not know the
concepts, methods of work and formulas used in temperature measurement of solids, liquids
and gases. Even though this temperature measurement is very useful and very important in
studying thermodynamics in physics. This is based because temperature measurement cannot
be separated from the concept of thermodynamics (the basis of thermodynamics is
temperature).
As for what we can do so that students can understand this temperature measurement
lesson is to strengthen the concept of temperature measurement in solid, liquid and gas first,
then teach the steps and how to use formulas in temperature measurement questions. So that
students not only understand the basic concepts but can also relate these concepts to the
application, calculation and temperature measurement of solid, liquid and gas substances.
5.2. Suggestion
It is better if educators and students are both willing to work together in the teaching
and learning process so that all students can understand learning the measurement of solids,
cats and gases.

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 REFERENCE

Wikipedia. (2019, Juli). Retrieved November 1, 2020, from Wikipedia:

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengukuran
Kelas Pintar. (2020, Juli 20). Retrieved November 1, 2020, from Kelas Pintar:
https://www.kelaspintar.id/blog/tips-pintar/pengertian-pengukuran-dan-jenisnya-
5901/

Dhofur, A. (2014, Agustus). Blogspot. Retrieved November 1 2020, from Blogspot:

http://achmaddhofir05.blogspot.com/2014/08/makalah-pengukuran-suhu-
termometer.html

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