Qus1.

) In a Multimedia project why script writer , interface designer, audio specialist , video
specialist are required. What responsibility they can hold?

Answer.) In a Multimedia project they all are required because they all are Responsible for
performing all necessary research concerning the content of the proposed application.

Responsibility hold by Script Writer:-

 Video and film scripts present a linear sequence of events.

 In multimedia production, the medium has the capability of presenting events in a non-
linear fashion by branching in different directions and establishing linkages between
different sections or components of the program.

 The scriptwriter of a multimedia production needs to visualize this almost three-

dimensional environment and integration of virtual reality into the product.

Responsibilty hold by Interface Designer:-

Interface design plays a vital role in the production of multimedia displays

 Interface provides control to the people who use it

 Backgrounds, icons, control panels – result of an interface designer.
Responsibility hold by Audio and Video Specialist:-

 The audio specialist is responsible for recording and editing: narration; selecting,
recording or editing sound effects; recording and editing music.

 The video specialist is responsible for video capturing, editing and digitizing.

Qus2.) Image files have different formats, describe 5 different images file formats and how they
are different in windows and macintosh system?

Answer:-5 Different images file formats are:-

1.) GIF — Graphics Interchange Format.

Indexed color - 1 to 8 bits

GIF format has long been the most popular on the Internet, mainly because of its small size. It is
ideal for small navigational icons and simple diagrams and illustrations where accuracy is
required, or graphics with large blocks of a single colour. The format is loss-less, meaning it
does not get blurry or messy.

GIF files can be saved with a maximum of 256 colours. This makes it a poor format for
photographic images. GIFs can be animated, which is another reason they became so successful.
Most animated banner ads are GIFs. You will need an animation program to make your own
animations.

2.) JPEG — Joint Photographic Experts Group

The 16-bit JPEG format (usually written without the E), was designed with photographs in
mind. It is capable of displaying millions of colours at once, without the need for dithering,
allowing for the complex blend of hues that occur in photographic images.

JPGs use a complex compression algorithm, which can be applied on a sliding scale
 3.) PNG — Portable Network Graphics:-

PNG is a format  specifically for the web in response to a licensing scheme introduced which
meant the creators of any software that supported the GIF format had to pay five thousand
dollars for the privilege (this tax has since expired). While they were at it however, the creators
of PNG (“ping”) went ahead and created a format superior to GIF in almost every way.

One version of the format, PNG-8, is similar to the GIF format. It can be saved with a maximum
of 256 colours and supports 1-bit transparency. Filesizes when saved in a capable image editor
like FireWorks will be noticeably smaller than the GIF counterpart, as PNGs save their colour
data more efficiently.

4.) TIF:- Aldus Tagged Image File Format :-

RGB - 24 or 48 bits,
Grayscale - 8 or 16 bits,
Indexed color - 1 to 8 bits, 
Line Art (bilevel)- 1 bit

For TIF files, most programs allow either no compression or LZW compression (lossless, but is
less effective for 24 bit color images). Adobe Photoshop also provides JPG or ZIP compression
too (but which greatly reduces third party compatibility of TIF files). "Document programs"
allow ITCC G3 or G4 compression for 1 bit text (Fax is G3 or G4 TIF files), which is lossless
and tremendously effective (small).

5.) Exif:-
The Exif format is a file standard similar to the JFIF format with TIFF extensions; it is
incorporated in the JPEG-writing software used in most cameras. Its purpose is to record and to
standardize the exchange of images with image metadata between digital cameras and editing
and viewing software. The metadata are recorded for individual images and include such things
as camera settings, time and date, shutter speed, exposure, image size, compression, name of
camera, color information, etc. When images are viewed or edited by image editing software, all
of this image information can be displayed.

In Macnitosh Formats ,just about every image application can import or export PICT files.
PICT is complicated but versatile format always available to macintosh users. In a PICT file,
both bitmaps and vector-drawn objects can live side by side, and programs such as revolution
make us of this feature,providing editors for both drawn and bitmapped graphics.Multimedia
authoring programs that can import PICT images may not utilize te drawn objects that are part of
the file, but will usually convert them to bitmaps for you.
In Window format the device-independent bitmap(DIB) is windows common image file
format,usually written as BMP file. DIB can stand alone, or they can be buried within a
RIFF(resource interchange file format) file. A RIFF is actually the preferred file type for all
multimedia development in windows, because this format was designed to contain many types
of files,including bitmaps, MIDI scores and formatted texts.

Q. 3. Describe converting between bitmaps and drawn images?

Answer : Bit Maps:-

Bit: - The simplest element in the digital world, an electronic thing i.e. either on or off, black or
white, or true (1) or false(0).

Map: - It is a two-dimensional matrix of these bits.

Bit + Map = Bitmap

Bitmap : - It is a simple matrix of the tiny dots that form an image and are displayed on a
computer screen or printed.

E.g. : - One Dimensional – matrix (1-bit depth) is used to display monochrome images – a
bitmap where each bit is most commonly set to black or white.

PART-B

Q. 1 Generaly what are the twenty most commonly installed fonts are available in windows and
linux systems ? list them. What do you understand by Unicode? Explain

Answer:-) Twenty most commonly installed fonts are available in windows and linux systems

Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif

Arial Black, Arial Black, Gadget, sans-serif

Comic Sans MS, Comic Sans MS5, cursive

Courier New, Courier New, monospace

Georgia1, Georgia, serif

Impact, Impact5, Charcoal6, sans-serif
 Lucida Console, Monaco5, monospace

Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, sans-serif

Palatino Linotype, Book Antiqua3, Palatino, serif

Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif

Times New Roman, Times New Roman, Times, serif

Trebuchet MS1, Trebuchet MS, sans-serif

Verdana, Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif

Symbol, Symbol (Symbol2, Symbol2)

Webdings, Webdings (Webdings2, Webdings2)

Wingdings, Zapf Dingbats (Wingdings2, Zapf Dingbats2)

MS Sans Serif4, Geneva, sans-serif

MS Serif4, New York6, serif

What is Unicode?

Unicode provides a unique number for every character,

no matter what the platform,
no matter what the program,
no matter what the language.

The Unicode Standard is a character coding system designed to support the worldwide
interchange, processing, and display of the written texts of the diverse languages and technical
disciplines of the modern world. In addition, it supports classical and historical texts of many
written languages.

Q. 2. Composing your own original score can be done by musical instrument digital interface.
Describe the complete procedure for creating MIDI music.

Answer) MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI is a form a serial
communication that is generally used between musical devices, such as a drum machine and a
keyboard, but can also be used to trigger lighting and other devices that are able to operate using
MIDI circuitry.

Procedure For creating MIDI Music

1.)Connect your digital MIDI interface with your computer, if you have one. If you don't have a
digital audio-MIDI interface, proceed to Step 2. A MIDI interface can be a drum machine, MIDI-
capable musical keyboard, or a simple MIDI-triggering device. Some MIDI consoles connect to
the computer with a USB cable. If you are using a device with MIDI inputs but no computer
interface, you will need an Audio-MIDI interface that will connect to your computer's USB or
Firewire port.

2. Install your MIDI-capable software. Often, MIDI-capable software is called a MIDI

sequencer. There is a multitude of MIDI-capable software available, and if you have played
around with audio freeware, it's likely that you have a MIDI-capable software platform already.
Professional programs for MIDI sequencing include Reason and Finale. The free audio software
program Audacity has a MIDI-sequencing capability.

3.Configure your software for input and playback. To do this, you will need to make sure that
your software recognizes your computer's sound card and your MIDI input device. If you are
programming MIDI without an input device, you only need to set up your sound card for
playback. Most MIDI-capable software has a setup menu that is called "Preferences", "Setup", or
"Options" and can usually be found in the "Edit" or "Setup" toolbar of the software program.
Consult your software manual for details on how to set up the MIDI software you have.

4.Start a new song on your audio software. Usually, PC audio software will begin a new file if
you visit the "File" menu and choose "New", or use the quick-Key Ctrl-N.

5 Open a new MIDI track on your software. You can often start a new track by visiting the
"Track" menu and adding a new instrument or track, as in Pro Tools. In Reason, you must add a
sequencing track. Some simple MIDI sequencers only allow you to use one MIDI track to
program your MIDI song. The advantage to multiple MIDI or Instrument tracks is that a
multiple-track environment will allow you to use multiple instruments and create a band or
orchestra sound.
6.Pick a sound. Many MIDI software setups choose a default sound, but with some software, you
will not be able to hear the melody you play without choosing a sound first. Some MIDI software
will allow you to choose your own sound for MIDI playback, usually in the form of an aif or wav
type file, but some MIDI software will only use a limited number of included sounds.

7.Record your MIDI notes into the track. If you have no MIDI interface like a music keyboard,
you will need to place the notes manually using your mouse. If you have a keyboard connected
to your computer, you should only have to initiate the record function by enabling the chosen
track for recording if necessary, then pressing the "Record" then "Play" button. At this point, if
your keyboard if properly connected to the computer, your keystrokes should be recorded as
MIDI into the MIDI software.

8.Export your MIDI song for playback. Your audio software should have a function called
"Export" or "Convert" which allows you to change your MIDI song into an mp3 or wav file for
playback through a common audio file playback software like ITunes or Foobar.

Q. 3. What do understand by morphing? How this is used for transforming of images ?

Answer : The word morph derives from the word metamorphosis meaning to change shape,

appearance or form. According to Vaughn (112) morphing is defined as “an animation

technique that allows you to dynamically blend two still images, creating a sequence of

in-between pictures that, when played in QuickTime, metamorphoses the first image into

the second.”

Image morphing techniques can be classified into two categories such as mesh-based and
feature-based methods in terms of their ways for specifying features. In mesh-based methods, the
features on an image are specified by a nonuniform mesh. Feature-based methods specify the
features with a set of points or line segments. One way of achieving the morphing effect is to
transform one image into another by creating a cross-dissolve between them. In this method, the
color of each pixel is interpolated over time from the first image value to the corresponding
second image value. However, this is not very effective in portraying an actual metamorphosis
and the metamorphosis between faces does not look good if the two faces do not have about the
same shape. This method also tends to wash away the features on the images.

A second way to achieve morphing is feature interpolation, which is performed by combining

warps with the color interpolation. The features of two images and their correspondences are
specified by an animator with a set of points or line segments. Then,warps are computed to
distort the images so that the features have intermediate positions and shapes. The color
interpolation between the distorted images finally gives an in between image.