Directions for questions 1 to 4: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.

Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Despite the presence of women as heads of state across Europe during the eighteenth century, the literary
canon for femmes savantes and femmes d’esprit was limited during this era. However successful a literary
work from a female writer, this would never be enough for her to make a living. Indeed, as English Showalter
outlined, writing for women at this time was not a livelihood, but merely a form of self-expression, if not an
obsession. The majority of women who were able to participate in the world of high culture had to do so
through the hosting of salons, the most famous of salonnières probably being Germaine de Staël. However,
the majority of these women participating in cultural life – and this is certainly the case for Mme de Staël –were
born into this world of privilege.

This was the Age of Enlightenment, an age of tolerance and freedom of expression, in its theories and
philosophical discourse (certain historical events may point to the contrary, however, such as the affaire Calas
(1761) and affaire du chevalier de la Barre (1764), two cases of injustice and intolerance through religious
fanaticism). It was a pan-European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century, thought to cover much of
the seventeenth century too.

Enlightenment involves three stages: first comes self-emancipation, where a categorical imperative of thinking
is required, to overcome the laziness which leads to the inability to use one’s reason. Second is political and
social emancipation: society’s impositions can create a state of immaturity, therefore social and intellectual
inhibitions must be eliminated and political freedom must be increased, so one can achieve Enlightenment
through the use of one’s reason. Third is cultural emancipation, which stipulates that the emergence from
immaturity is a historically progressive process, which is achieved on the personal level (‘Have courage to use
your own understanding!’, is the motto for Enlightenment, according to Kant), and on the societal level through
education and culture. As long as the subject performs his duties to the state in the private sphere, he may
engage in critical discourse in the public sphere. According to Kant, freedom to publish and debate publicly
would gradually enable people to develop the tendency to free thought. Once developed, this affects the
character of a people, who, gradually, become more capable of free action, which would eventually influence
government. Intellectual freedom must, therefore, precede and prepare the way for greater political and civil
freedom, or in other words, Enlightenment.

Enlightenment, however, is not just about reason. The reason and rationality are inextricably linked with la
sensibilité; in other words, as discussed by Mortier, Enlightenment involves hearts and minds. Sensibilité is a
doctrine, according to which our knowledge comes from our feelings. In Germany, this notion of sensibility is
best portrayed through the epistolary novel par excellence, Goethe’s Die Leiden des jungen Werthers [The
Sorrows of Young Werther]. This novel gave rise to the phenomenon known as the ‘Werther-Fieber’: that is to
the say the copy-cat suicide of the novel’s protagonist throughout Europe. In England, the notion is best
conveyed through the title of Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility. And in France, Rousseau’s La
Nouvelle Héloïse and Bernadin de Saint-Pierre’s Paul et Virginie are the best examples of the roman du
sentiment.

Q.1 The significance of sensibilité can best be described through which of the following options?
A It led to the mimicry of a novelists writing style throughout Europe.
B It refers to the significance of knowledge disseminated through letters.
C It refers to the relationship between knowledge and feelings.
D It helped the production of many copy cat plots in novels throughout England and the rest of Europe.

Q.2 The age of Enlightenment can best be described by which of the following options?
A An age that saw the dawn of tolerance as well as the instances of prejudice and narrow-mindedness.
B An age when humankind emerged from its immaturity and allowed for acceptance and free speech.
C An age in which humankind went through many changes that were necessary for societal reckoning.
D An emancipation of the soul, of thinking and of perception that humankind underwent.

Q.3 Which of the following can best be inferred from the passage about the stages of enlightenment?
A Enlightenment leads to the emancipation of humankind.
B Enlightenment is a process of self-realization of the individual as well as of society.
C They help to overcome the inhibitions that an individual would have developed over the years.
D The initial stage is imperative for personal growth that eventually leads to social progress for the individual.

Q.4 From the argument in the third paragraph, it can be inferred that
A If the state were to curtail the freedom of an individual, it could curtail their right to debate and engage in
critical discourse.
B If a person conforms to the requirements of the state, he is allowed to engage in critical discussions at
various levels.
C The ability to engage in critical discourse can help a person develop the tendency to free thought.
D The argument for autonomy also pertains to the freedom to engage in critical discourse.

Directions for questions 5 to 8: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

In 1961 A.J.P. Taylor suffered a caustic book review at the hands of Hugh Trevor-Roper, another British
historian. The book put Taylor’s standing as a serious academic in peril, said his reviewer. Taylor responded
with an article: “How to quote: exercises for beginners”. In it he juxtaposed quotations from his book alongside
passages from the review. They were somewhat at odds. Trevor-Roper’s methods of quotation might harm his
reputation for seriousness, concluded Taylor, “if he had one”.

Half a century later, the seriousness of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has been questioned
in a Taylor-style takedown by SaveTheInternet.in. The group, which lobbies for net neutrality (the equal
treatment of all internet traffic), has analysed a text box in a recent TRAI discussion paper, which the agency
attributed to The Economist. Compared with the two original articles on which the box was based, in our
January 31st 2015 issue, the campaigners found that arguments against strict net neutrality had been inserted
while arguments for it had been removed or tweaked. For instance, “net neutrality is under threat” became: “net
neutrality is difficult to sustain”. Robert Ravi of TRAI denies any deception. The text does not purport to be
verbatim, he says. And the tweaks? “I don’t find there is a great difference between ‘difficult to sustain’ and
‘under threat’”. Yet one implies the status quo may change; the other that it must.

The threat seems real enough in India. The purpose of the TRAI paper was to ask whether “over-the-top”
services such as data, internet telephony and instant messaging, which rely on mobile networks’ data
connections and which in some cases compete with those networks’ basic call and text services, should be
treated differently from other traffic. BhartiAirtel, India’s biggest operator, recently launched a scheme that
gives customers free access to a select group of data services. Airtel says this is little different from letting
businesses provide toll-free phone lines, and that it is committed to net neutrality. But SaveTheInternet.in
argues that Airtel’s differential pricing means it is not being neutral between providers of online content, and
that consumer choice will suffer.

Indian regulators do not generally enjoy a reputation for independence. And the net-neutrality activists see
TRAI’s misquoting of our articles as evidence that it is doing the operators’ bidding. The industry’s poor
profitability, the result of intense competition, might indeed be boosted if it were allowed to charge variable
prices for data traffic. But its squeezed profits also mean a lack of money to invest in improving call quality and
extending mobile coverage. Perhaps that is why the sacrifice of net neutrality is being mooted in India.

Q.5 How did Taylor takedown Trevor-roper?

A By exemplifying the causticity of the review posted by Trevor-roper in his article.
B By illustrating the apparent dichotomy between the work and its review.
C By ravaging Trevor-roper’s review by questioning the seriousness of his review.
D By rearranging the review in the context of the book to tarnish Trevor-roper’s reputation.

Q.6 Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A Regulatory bodies in India are usually not independent of the industries they regulate.
B The telecom industry might face intense competition as variable prices for data traffic would make the
industry more attractive.
C SaveTheInternet.in has mooted the point of net neutrality as preference to some providers of online content
will eventually affect the consumer choice.
D TRAI wants to change the status quo.

Q.7 Why has the author used the example of Airtel in the passage?
A To show that the consumer is being given more choice even though certain organizations suggest the
contrary
B To reveal that telecom companies may prefer differential pricing over net neutrality irrespective of their
statements
C To prove that the industry is in favour of net neutrality and is hand in glove with the regulatory authority
D To justify the stand of Indian organizations of the relevant industry in the face of poor profitability

Q.8 Which of the following best describes the purpose of the passage?
A The Economist wants to show that truth used to prevail and still prevails, no matter what the situation is.
B The Economist wants to clarify its position regarding net neutrality and bring into focus the two-faced
approach of telecom operators.
C The Economist is blaming the TRAI for misquoting its articles and being hand in glove with the telecom
operators.
D The Economist is presenting the situation surrounding net neutrality in light of the misquoting of its articles by
TRAI

Directions for questions 9 to 12: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The distinction between public and private has become challenged and transformed via digital media practices.
Indeed it has been contended that via the use of online confessional practices, as well as the accumulating
masses of data that are generated about digital technology users’ everyday habits, activities and preferences,
the concept of privacy has changed. Increasingly, as data from many other users are aggregated and
interpreted using algorithms, one’s own data has an impact on others by predicting their tastes and
preferences. The concept of ‘networked privacy’ developed by Danah Boyd (2012) acknowledges this
complexity. As she points out, it is difficult to make a case for privacy as an individual issue in the age of social
media networks and sousveillance. Many people who upload images or comments to social media sites
include other people in the material, either deliberately or inadvertently. As Boyd observes, ‘I can’t even count
the number of photos that were taken by strangers with me in the background at the TajMahal’.

Many users have come to realise that the information about themselves and their friends and family members
that they choose to share on social media platforms may be accessible to others, depending on the privacy
policy of the platform and the ways in which users have operated privacy settings. Information that is shared on
Facebook, for example, is far easier to limit to Facebook friends if privacy settings restrict access than are data
that users upload to platforms such as Twitter, YouTube or Instagram, which have few, if any, settings that can
be used to limit access to personal content. Even within Facebook, however, users must accept that their data
may be accessed by those that they have chosen as friends. They may be included in photos that are
uploaded by their friends even if they do not wish others to view the photo, for example.

Open source data harvesting tools are now available that allow people to search their friends’ data. Using a
tool such as Facebook Graph Search, people who have joined that social media platform can mine the data
uploaded by their friends and search for patterns. Such elements as ‘photos of my friends in New York’ or
‘restaurants my friends like’ can be identified using this tool. In certain professions, such as academia, others
can use search engines to find out many details about one’s employment details and accomplishments (just
one example is Google Scholar, which lists academics’ publications as well as how often and where they have
been cited by others). Such personal data as online photographs or videos of people, their social media
profiles and online comments can easily be accessed by others by using search engines.
Furthermore, not only are individuals’ personal data shared in social networks, they may now be used to make
predictions about others’ actions, interests, preferences or even health states. When people’s small data are
aggregated with others to produce big data, the resultant datasets are used for predictive analytics. As part of
algorithmic veillance and the production of algorithmic identities, people become represented as configurations
of others in the social media networks with which they engage and the websites people, characterised as ‘like
them’, visit. There is little, if any, opportunity to opt out of participation in these data assemblages that are
configured about oneself.

Q.9 Which of the following is true of Facebook, according to the passage?

A This social networking site is safer in terms of privacy, as compared to the other social networking sites.
B This social networking site gives you access to tools which allow you to search for any relevant data related
to their friends.
C This social networking site does not provide any fool-proof methods of maintaining the privacy of your data.
D You cannot control the privacy of data related to yourselves even after limiting the access to your data on
Facebook.

Q.10 Which of the following best describes the complexity acknowledged by Danah Boyd?
A Your data is not relevant only to you but to others also who use algorithms to interpret it.
B With private lives available on social media, your privacy is no longer your private issue.
C Photographs taken at tourist places need not necessarily include only those people on whom the camera
was aimed.
D Your social identity is created by the algorithms even if there is a lack of personal data.

Q.11 The author is most likely to agree with the following statements, except
A A mother tagging her brother in a childhood photograph and in turn, revealing her maiden name is putting
her child’s online activities at risk of being hacked.
B People share a lot of personal details on social networking sites because they assume that its possible to
have privacy on these sites.
C Privacy has different meaning in the context of the online and offline world.
D People are usually averse to the loss of their own privacy and yet, are more than interested in other people’s
lives.

Q.12 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A A person can be judged on the basis of the websites his online friends and associates visit.
B Your parents may not find out, through the digital media, that you went to the party last night because no one
pasted any photographs of the party on the social media websites.
C The digital age has changed the definition of what was considered private and what needs to be considered
private.
D The ease of accessing information has opened new business avenues for organizations.

Directions for questions 13 to 16: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The current debate on the land law is important because it affords us a chance to reflect more deeply on the
nature of India’s development process and the experience of democracy for a majority of our citizens. I see the
2013 land law as part of a response — highly belated in my view — to the perception of millions of our people
that while India’s economy was booming over the last two decades, they were not part of the growth story.

Indeed, many people feel that development has happened at their cost. Official estimates place the number of
people displaced due to development projects since Independence at 60 million, less than a third of whom
have been properly resettled. Most of the displaced are the assetless rural poor, marginal farmers, poor
fisherfolk and quarry workers. Around 40 per cent of them are Adivasis and 20 per cent Dalits. Official statistics
testify that on all indicators of development, Dalits and Adivasis have been the worst off groups. Already at the
bottom of the development pyramid, being deprived of their land and livelihoods has completely pauperised
them, forcing many to move and live in subhuman conditions in our metros. The last two decades have also
seen unprecedented agrarian distress, with more than two lakh farmers committing suicide, as per the National
Crime Records Bureau. This is something that had never happened before in Indian history.
It is in this backdrop that we need to understand the heightened sensitivities and palpable anger over forcible
land acquisition. Given that 90 per cent of our coal, more than 50 per cent of most minerals, and prospective
dam sites are mainly in Adivasi regions, there has been, and is likely to be, continuing tension over issues of
land acquisition. Through these tensions, not only has a question mark been placed over our development
strategy, the delicate fabric of Indian democracy has become terribly frayed at the edges. In the remote Adivasi
heartlands of India, people feel such a deep and abiding sense of hurt, alienation and cynicism that they have
allowed themselves to be helplessly drawn into a terrible vortex of violence and counter-violence, even when
they know in their heart of hearts that it will lead to their own destruction.

The 2013 land law tried to reach out to these people, by undoing a draconian colonial Act more suited to a 19th
century empire than to a 21st century vibrant democracy. At the heart of the 2013 law was the provision of
seeking the consent of those whose lands were to be acquired and of caring for those whose livelihoods would
be destroyed in the process. Undoing these provisions is a virtual resurrection of undiluted powers of “eminent
domain”, which the 1894 law conferred on the state.

I do not dispute the fact that there can be many situations where land is needed for a development project that
could actually benefit those whose lands are being acquired. What could be the possible harm in seeking the
prior, informed consent of these people, after making the effort of explaining to them how they would stand to
benefit? There are those who argue that farmers would be better off giving up farming. Indeed, they say
farmers do not want to farm any more. Why would these farmers conceivably say no if we were to propose
more attractive and tangible alternative options to them in return for their land? Is it not for farmers to assess
whether the project will actually be of benefit to them and whether the recompense offered to them is a fair
bargain?

Q.14 It can be inferred that when the author refers to “eminent domain” he means
A The provision to seek consent from those whose lands were to be acquired.
B The power of the State to acquire land forcibly from the owners of private property.
C The inevitability that the land owned by people would eventually be up for acquisition by the state.
D Land has more eminent and powerful uses when it is acquired for government use.

Q.15 Which of the following options would go against the argument in the passage?
A Determining the Social Impact of a project can help the government understand if a proposed project is
necessary.
B Many people are rightly concerned about the cost of the decisions taken in development projects.
C If we want to acquire the land of farmers to serve larger goals, the projects in which they are embodied must
not be of the kinds that repeat the mistakes of the past.
D The last two decades have seen a man made agrarian crisis that has been unprecedented.

Q.16 Which of the following options is the best solution that the author seems to suggest at the end of
the passage?
A The government must listen to farmers and allow them to suggest solutions to land acquisition issues.
B Social provisions must be made for those farmers who are to be affected by the land acquisition policies of
the government.
C The compensation to farmers must be commensurate to the cost that they incur as a result of giving up their
land.
D Malpractices in land acquisition should be checked with the setting up of a regulatory body.

Directions for questions 1 to 4: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Science and a painter's vision agree: the human eye must reinvent reality for itself every single moment. But
what reality?

Early on, Monet alternated between city parks and streets. Before long, in collaborations with Pierre-Auguste
Renoir that forged a new style, he painted weekend getaways. Later, with more time, fame, and cash, he
became the perfect tourist, traveling up the Seine and to London. Eventually he just bought and lavishly
transformed whatever land he wished to paint.

One can easily identify Monet with the middle class on holiday, just as a century before flower painting graced
another leisure class, the aristocracy. At best, like Manet, he may force viewers' attention on their own guilty
pleasures. At worst, he may succumb to them.

I think that either concern is correct-but largely beside the point. Monet does focus art on pleasure, but distinct
from the pleasures of everyday life. He neither glorifies nor assaults the property owner; he sets himself apart.
When he paints an urban train station, a cloud of smoke hides equally the power of the engine and the fatigue
of the commuter or crew. His indifference and his immersion in modernity assert the artist's independence,
even superiority.

One of my favorite early works shows men unloading a ship. Lean, graceful silhouettes, poised at intervals on
thin black ramps, appear to move back and forth in a steady rhythm. Faced with the same scene, a wealthy
tourist might have tuned them out entirely. A more overt social critic could actually have missed the dark,
poignant beauty of their endless labor. Monet is interested in the preconditions of any critical perception.

Ordinary consumers hardly ever put in an appearance in Monet's paintings. Except for the infamous tongue
lickings, his increasingly rare human subjects are his motley friends. The Art Institute reunites the surviving
fragments of an early Luncheon on the Grass. Like a more aggressive rendition by Manet, this one takes on
Titian. In place of the mythical figures of the Renaissance, Monet stuck the Impressionist circle. He makes the
artist an emblem of modern life.

The avant-garde was not about criticism so much as abstention. The Salon des Refusés, the exhibition that
launched it all, was a refusal on both sides. The artist stood apart from society, sharing some of its values,
violating others, searching for the origins of all values. Such idealism makes less and less sense for
Postmodernism, but it was a judgment to be feared.

Monet combined self-assertion, generalization, and escapism. In the process, he defined a new, powerful
avant-garde. In this full career retrospective, we can see it emerge step by step. The very first room documents
the discovery of the Impressionist brushstroke.

Four rooms later comes the turn from single scenes to the underpinnings of human vision. Black paint and
people all but vanish, while even subject matter loses its uniqueness. A station or a rock face must be seen in
a series, for all different weathers and times of day. Monet abandons the pretense of taking it all in within an
instant. He begins a dozen canvases at once, returning to each one when the light strikes.

Finally, the act of observation subsumes even the observer. Water and sky extend to the painting's edge.
Accuracy of vision remains, but a viewer has nowhere at all to stand. A cryptic, incomplete horizon keeps one
from interpreting the scene apart from the seeing. Now too, Monet owns all the property he paints.

Q.1 Through this passage, the author attempts to do which of the following?
A The author attempts to show that Monet evokes a world of color from themes that never before existed within
it.
B The author attempts to show Monet's development, increasingly isolated from the avant-garde he helped so
to create.
C The author attempts to show that in Monet, for the first time, the artist became independent of worldly forms.
D The author attempts to show that Monet did copy appearances, but he transformed both copying and seeing
into a creative act.

Q.2 According to the author, which of the following describes an activity that Monet indulged in?
A Of being an avid traveler
B Of transcribing what one sees
C Of being only in the company of one's friends
D Of doing whatever one wishes to do
Q.3 The author would agree with which of the following?
A Monet's each painting offers a new technical challenge, startlingly overcome.
B Good art should stress the conjunction of visual imagining with the artist's original vision.
C Monet elevated subject and canvas together above everyday things.
D Artistic vision should mean imagining rather than mirroring.

Q.4 The passage has most likely been taken from?

A An article on postmodernist artists
B A review of an art show
C An essay on Monet
D A critical analysis of Monet

Directions for questions 5 to 8: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Now death is not necessarily a failure of energy on the part of the Life Force. People with no imagination try to
make things which will last forever, and even want to live forever themselves. But the intelligently imaginative
man knows very well that it is waste of labor to make a machine that will last ten years, because it will probably
be superseded in half that time by an improved machine answering the same purpose. He also knows that if
some devil were to convince us that our dream of personal immortality is no dream but a hard fact, such a
shriek of despair would go up from the human race as no other conceivable horror could provoke. With all our
perverse nonsense as to John Smith living for a thousand million eons and for ever after, we die voluntarily,
knowing that it is time for us to be scrapped, to be remanufactured, to come back, as Wordsworth divined,
trailing ever brightening clouds of glory. We must all be born again, and yet again and again. We should like to
live a little longer just as we should like 50 pounds: that is, we should take it if we could get it for nothing; but
that sort of idle liking is not will. It is amazing--considering the way we talk--how little a man will do to get 50
pounds: all the 50-pound notes I have ever known of have been more easily earned than a laborious sixpence;
but the difficulty of inducing a man to make any serious effort to obtain 50 pounds is nothing to the difficulty of
inducing him to make a serious effort to keep alive. The moment he sees death approach, he gets into bed and
sends for a doctor. He knows very well at the back of his conscience that he is rather a poor job and had better
be remanufactured. He knows that his death will make room for a birth; and he hopes that it will be a birth of
something that he aspired to be and fell short of. He knows that it is through death and rebirth that this
corruptible shall become incorruptible, and this mortal put on immortality. Practise as you will on his ignorance,
his fears, and his imagination, with bribes of paradises and threats of hells, there is only one belief that can rob
death of its sting and the grave of its victory; and that is the belief that we can lay down the burden of our
wretched little makeshift individualities forever at each lift towards the goal of evolution, which can only be a
being that cannot be improved upon. After all, what man is capable of the insane self-conceit of believing that
an eternity of himself would be tolerable even to himself? Those who try to believe it postulate that they shall
be made perfect first. But if you make me perfect I shall no longer be myself, nor will it be possible for me to
conceive my present imperfections (and what I cannot conceive I cannot remember); so that you may just as
well give me a new name and face the fact that I am a new person and that the old Bernard Shaw is as dead
as mutton. Thus, oddly enough, the conventional belief in the matter comes to this: that if you wish to live
forever you must be wicked enough to be irretrievably damned, since the saved are no longer what they were,
and in hell alone do people retain their sinful nature: that is to say, their individuality. And this sort of hell,
however convenient as a means of intimidating persons who have practically no honor and no conscience, is
not a fact.

Q.5 Which of the following is a reason, according to the author, that helps us reconcile with the idea of
death?
A We become slightly better each time that we are born again.
B When we die, we leave all our mistakes and immorality behind.
C We were a sorry job to begin with and it is better to be remanufactured.
D Our personality and its faults are no longer meaningful when we are born again and again.
Q.6 What is the author's idea of Hell?
A To live forever
B To live forever as the same person that we are in this life
C To live forever with the same people, in the same world
D To live an immoral life

Q.7 What according to the author is the goal of evolution?

A To create an individual that is moral and cannot be corrupted
B To create an individual that can lead a perfect life
C To create an individual that lives forever
D None of the above

Q.8 The tone of the author is

A cynical
B didactic
C pedantic
D righteous

Directions for questions 9 to 12: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The ablest and most highly cultivated people continually discuss religion, politics, and sex: it is hardly an
exaggeration to say that they discuss nothing else with fully-awakened interest. Commoner and less cultivated
people, even when they form societies for discussion, make a rule that politics and religion are not to be
mentioned, and take it for granted that no decent person would attempt to discuss sex. The three subjects are
feared because they rouse the crude passions which call for furious gratification in murder and rapine at worst,
and, at best, lead to quarrels and undesirable states of consciousness.

Even when this excuse of bad manners, ill temper, and brutishness (for that is what it comes to) compels us to
accept it from those adults among whom political and theological discussion does as a matter of fact lead to
the drawing of knives and pistols, and sex discussion leads to obscenity, it has no application to children
except as an imperative reason for training them to respect other people's opinions, and to insist on respect for
their own in these as in other important matters which are equally dangerous: for example, money. And in any
case there are decisive reasons; superior, like the reasons for suspending conventional reticences between
doctor and patient, to all considerations of mere decorum, for giving proper instruction in the facts of intimacy.
Those who object to it (not counting coarse people who thoughtlessly seize every opportunity of affecting and
parading a fictitious delicacy) are, in effect, advocating ignorance as a safeguard against precocity. If
ignorance were practicable there would be something to be said for it up to the age at which ignorance is a
danger instead of a safeguard. Even as it is, it seems undesirable that any special emphasis should be given
to the subject, whether by way of delicacy and poetry or too impressive warning. But the plain fact is that in
refusing to allow the child to be taught by qualified unrelated elders (the parents shrink from the lesson, even
when they are otherwise qualified, because their own relation to the child makes the subject impossible
between them) we are virtually arranging to have our children taught by other children in guilty secrets and
unclean jests. And that settles the question for all sensible people.

The dogmatic objection, the sheer instinctive taboo which rules the subject out altogether as indecent, has no
age limit. It means that at no matter what age a woman consents to a proposal of marriage, she should do so
in ignorance of the relation she is undertaking. When this actually happens (and apparently it does happen
oftener than would seem possible) a horrible fraud is being practiced on both the man and the woman. He is
led to believe that she knows what she is promising, and that he is in no danger of finding himself bound to a
woman to whom he is eugenically antipathetic. She contemplates nothing but such affectionate relations as
may exist between her and her nearest kinsmen, and has no knowledge of the condition which, if not foreseen,
must come as an amazing revelation and a dangerous shock, ending possibly in the discovery that the
marriage has been an irreparable mistake. Nothing can justify such a risk. There may be people incapable of
understanding that the right to know all there is to know about oneself is a natural human right that sweeps
away all the pretences of others to tamper with one's consciousness in order to produce what they choose to
consider a good character. But they must here bow to the plain mischievousness of entrapping people into
contracts on which the happiness of their whole lives depends without letting them know what they are
undertaking.

Q.9 The author is likely to agree with which of the following?

A The less cultivated the mind, the less courage there is to face important subjects objectively.
B We often see the abuse of authority to keep people in ignorance and error.
C The ordinary man dislikes having his mind unsettled; his passions awakened.
D Both (a) and (b)

Q.10 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A The subject of sex is suppressed because it is a taboo.
B Young girls need protection from risks they are too young to understand.
C The consent to marry can be given only when one has knowledge of sex.
D A relationship cannot be realized if the details of it are suppressed.

Q.11 Why is it important for children to be taught by qualified unrelated adults?

A Related adults might not be qualified.
B The relationship of the child with a related adult is reticent.
C The discussion can be free and without reserve if done with an unrelated adult.
D All of the above

Q.12 Which of the following has not been discussed as an aim of sex education?
A To be able to differentiate between accurate and inaccurate information
B To be able to understand the moral and cultural frameworks of society
C To be able to make informed choices
D To be able to form correct attitudes and beliefs

Directions for questions 17 to 20: The passage given below is followed by a set of four questions.
Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Insured individuals tend to enter the US health-care system through a primary care provider, though with some
kinds of insurance (e.g. PPO) individuals may go directly to a specialist. Uninsured individuals often do not
have a regular primary care provider, but instead visit community health centres (which provide primary care
for low-income, uninsured and minority populations) and hospital emergency rooms for their health care, which
hinders continuity of care. Due to out-of-pocket costs they may be reluctant or unable to seek out specialty,
surgical or inpatient care unless they need emergency care; emergency departments in hospitals that receive
payment from Medicare (which is nearly all hospitals in the US) are required by law to provide care to anyone
needing emergency treatment until they are stable. Retail clinics (in pharmacies or large stores) are also
emerging as places to go for treatment of minor medical conditions.

The number of acute inpatient (hospital) discharges and length of stay have fallen over the past decades, with
more acute-care services, such as surgery, being performed on an outpatient basis. For example, in 2010
more than three-quarters of all surgeries were provided in an outpatient setting. Mental health services have
also shifted predominantly from inpatient to outpatient, accompanied by substantially increased use of
pharmaceuticals and reduction in provision of psychotherapy and mental health counselling. The utilization of
post-acute-care services such as rehabilitation, intermittent home care and sub acute-care has increased over
the past decades due to the financial need for hospitals to discharge patients not requiring acute care.
Palliative care is received mostly through hospice services, either in the patient's home, or in a hospital,
nursing home or other institutional setting. Hospice care has increased due to an expansion of Medicare
benefits in 1983. The informal caregiver (usually family or friends) plays an important role in United States
health care; 23% of Americans provide some form of informal care.
Q.17 Which of the following would be the main reason why uninsured individuals would be unable to
seek specialty medical services?
A They receive treatment only from community health centres that do not provide specialist services.
B They have to pay for specialty medical services out of their personal budget.
C They receive specialty medical care only when there is an emergency.
D As compared to insured individuals, they are made to pay more than the normal costs for medical care.

Q.18 From the passage, it can be inferred that

A insured individuals can seek treatment in a hospital by contacting their insurer first.
B an insurer cannot refuse the medical insurance claim of anyone who has been in an emergency.
C medical insurance helps an individual obtain primary as well as specialist care.
D a retail clinic can help an uninsured person obtain medical treatment.

Q.19 It can be inferred from the passage that the shift of health services from inpatient to outpatient
has been due to
A the increased availability of medicines and counselling services to help support the home medical care
system.
B the availability of home medical care services for patients.
C the easy access to and affordability of home medical care professionals and services.
D the need to reduce the financial burden of patients, who don't need heightened care, on hospitals.

Q.20 Which of the following options would correctly present the significance of the last sentence?
A It indicates a weakness in the argument presented by the author.
B It adds a supplementary point to the argument in the last paragraph.
C It provides an illustration that aims at highlighting the argument.
D It aims to fill in a gap in the reasoning presented in the last paragraph.