Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Roxburgh
Spring 2005: Monday 3:00–5:00, Sackler 119 Sackler 410; (617) 496 1056
roxburgh@fas.harvard.edu
Office Hours: Wednesday 12:00–2:00
Examines the use of writing on different art forms including architecture from the Islamic lands
with an emphasis on the period between ca. 600 and 1500. The course will introduce key
methodologies in the study of writing and the full range of scripts, orthographic conventions, and
textual content. Aesthetic, cultural and sociopolitical questions will be treated and critical issues
such as the text as image debate. No knowledge of Arabic or Persian is required.
READINGS:
All required books and articles (from journals, conference proceedings, or edited books) are on
reserve at the Fine Arts Library and should be read before the weekly meeting for which they are
assigned. Some books are on open reserve, others on closed reserve; the articles are arranged
alphabetically by author in a binder.
The work of the seminar will involve discussion of the readings. A select bibliography
accompanies the syllabus. Studies marked with a double asterisk are also on reserve at Fine Arts
Library.
REQUIREMENTS:
The final grade is broken down as follows: weekly participation in classroom discussion 30%;
research presentation 20% of no more than 20 minutes [to be accompanied by a bibliography
and an 8–page typed version of the paper]; final research paper 50% on a topic of the student’s
choice in consultation with the professor. The final paper is due on May 18.
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TOPICS BY WEEK
February 21 HOLIDAY
READINGS BY WEEK
February 21 HOLIDAY
Readings:
François Déroche, The Abbasid Tradition: Qur’ans of the 8th to 10th Centuries
AD, pp. 1–47 + browse catalogue entries
Yasin Dutton, “Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some
reflections on the vocalization of early Qur’anic Manuscripts, Part
1”
4
Erica Dodd and Shereen Khairallah, The Image of the Word: A Study of
Koranic Verses in Islamic Architecture, 2 vols, 1:1–89 + browse vol. 2
Ernst Kühnel, Catalogue of Dated Tiraz Fabrics: Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, pp.
1–4 + browse catalogue entries
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
‘Abd al-Baqi, Muhammad Fu’ad. Al-Mu’jam al-mufahras li-alfaz al-Qur’an al-Karim. Beirut, 1999.
[Widener WID-LC Mid East BP133.A18 199x]
Ali, Ahmed. Al-Quran. A Contemporary Translation by Ahmed Ali. Princeton, N.J., 1984.
** Atiyeh, George N., ed. The Book in the Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the
Middle East. Albany, NY, 1995.
** Blair, Sheila S. The Monumental Inscriptions from Early Islamic Iran and Transoxiana. Leiden, 1992.
Bloom, Jonathan M. Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World. New
Haven, 2001.
Combe, E., Jean Sauvaget and G. Wiet. Repertoire chronologique d’epigraphie arabe. Vols 1–17.
Cairo, 1931–82.
** Gacek, Adam. The Arabic Manuscript Tradition. A Glossary of Technical Terms and Bibliography.
Leiden, 2001.
** Hanaway, William, and Brian Spooner. Reading Nasta’liq: Persian and Urdu Hands from 1500 to
the Present. Costa Mesa, Calif., 1995.
** Ibn al-Nadim. The Fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture. Edited and
translated by Bayard Dodge. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.
8
Taqizadeh, S. H. “Various Eras and Calendars Used in the Countries of Islam.” Bulletin of the
School of Oriental and African Studies 9 (1937): 903–22; Bulletin of the School of Oriental and
African Studies 10 (1939): 107–32.
Von Zambaur, E. Manuel de genealogie et de chronologie pour l’histoire de l’Islam. Hannover, 1927.
Whelan, Estelle. “Early Islam, Emerging Patterns (622–1050).” In Islamic Art and Patronage:
Treasures from Kuwait, ed. Esin Atil, pp. 41–54. New York, 1991.
Gacek, Adam. “Technical Practices and Recommendations Recorded by Classical and Post-
Classical Arabic Scholars Concerning the Copying and Correction of Manuscripts.”
Varia Turcica 8 (1989): 51–60.
** Nasr, Seyyid Hossein. “Oral transmission and the book in Islamic education: the spoken and
the written word.” Journal of Islamic Studies 3, 1 (1992): 1–14.
** Vajda, Georges. “De la transmission orale du savoir dans l’Islam traditionnel.” L’Arabisant 5
(1975): 2–8.
INSCRIPTIONS
Afshar, Iraj. “Two Twelfth-Century Gravestones of Yazd in Mashhad and Washington.” Studia
Iranica 2 (1973): 203–11.
Ahmed, Shamsud-din. Inscriptions of Bengal, vol. 4 (Being a Corpus of Inscriptions of the Muslim Rulers of
Bengal From 1233 to 1855 A.C.). Rajshahi, 1960.
Alexander, David. The Arts of War: Arms and Armour of the 7th to 19th Centuries. London, 1992.
9
________. Metalwork of the Islamic World: The Aron Collection. London, 1986.
Anglade, Elise. Catalogue des boiseries de la section islamique, Musée du Louvre. Paris, 1988.
Asher, Frederick, and G. S. Gai, eds. Indian Epigraphy: Its Bearing on the History of Art. New Delhi,
1985.
Atil, Esin. Renaissance of Islam: Art of the Mamluks. Washington, D.C., 1981.
Atil, Esin, W. T. Chase and Paul Jett. Islamic Metalwork in the Freer Gallery of Art. Washington,
D.C., 1985.
** Balog, Paul. “Pious invocations probably used as titles of office or as honorific titles in
Umayyad and ‘Abbasid Times.” In Studies in Memory of Gaston Wiet, ed. Miriam Rosen-
Ayalon, pp. 61–8. Jerusalem, 1977.
Berchem, Max Van. Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum II: Syrie du Sud, Mémoires de
l’Institut Français Archéologique du Caire 43–45. Cairo, 1920–22.
Berchem, Max Van, and Halil Edhem. Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum III: Asie
Mineure I, Mémoires de l’Institut Français Archéologique du Caire 29. Cairo, 1910–17.
Bergeret, Jean and Ludvik Kalus. “Analyse de décors épigraphiques et floraux à Qazwin au
début du Vie/XIIe siècle.” Revue des Études Islamiques 45, 1 (1977): 89–130.
Bernus, M., H. Marchal and G. Vial. “Le suaire de Saont-Josse.” Bulletin du Liaison du Centre
International d’Études des Textiles Anciens 33 (1971): 1–57.
Bierman, Irene. “Art and Politics: The Impact of Fatimid Uses of Tiraz Fabrics.” Ph.D. diss.
University of Chicago, 1980.
Bivar, A.D.H., and Ehsan Yarshater, eds. Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, Part 4, Persian Inscriptions
Down to the Early Safavid Period, vol. 6, Mazandaran Province. London, 1978.
Blair, Sheila S. “The Inscriptions From the Tomb Tower at Bastam: An Analysis of Ilkhanid
Epigraphy.” In Art et Société dans le Monde Iranien, ed. Chahryar Adle, pp. 263–88. Paris,
1982.
10
** ________. “A Note on the Prayers Inscribed on Several Medieval Silk Textiles in the Abegg
Foundation.” In Islamische Textilkunst des Mittelalters: Aktuelle Probleme = Riggisberger Berichte 5
(1997): 128–38.
** Blair, Sheila S., Jonathan M. Bloom and Anne E. Wardwell. “Re-evaluating the Date of the
‘Buyid’ Silks by Epigraphic and Radiocarbon Analysis.” Ars Orientalis 22 (1992): 1–43.
Bombaci, Alessio. The Kufic Inscription in Persian Verses in the Court of the Royal Palace of Mas’ud III at
Ghazni. Rome, 1966.
Burgoyne, Michael Hamilton, and Amal Abul-Hajj. “Twenty-four Medieval Arabic Inscriptions
from Jerusalem.” Levant 11 (1979): 112–37.
Caskel, W. Arabic Inscriptions in the Collection of the Hispanic Society of New York. New York, 1936.
Colin, G. Corpus des inscriptions arabes et turques de l’Algerie: Département d’Alger. Paris, 1901.
Combe, Etienne. “Tissus Fatimides du Musée Benaki.” In Mélanges Maspero. 3 vols. Cairo,
1934.
Content, Derek J. Islamic Rings and Gems: The Benjamin Zucker Collection. London, 1982.
Dani, Ahmad Hasan. Bibliography of the Muslim Inscriptions of Bengal (down to A.D. 1538). Appendix
to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal 2 (1957). Dacca, 1957.
Day, Florence. “Dated Tiraz in the Collection of the University of Michigan.” Ars Islamica 4
(1937): 421–28.
** ________. “The Tiraz Silk of Marwan.” In Archaeologica Orientalia in Memorian Ernst Herzfeld,
ed. G. C. Miles, pp. 39–61. Locust valley, N.Y., 1952.
** ________. “The Inscription of the Boston ‘Baghdad’ Silk: A Note on Method in Epigraphy.”
Ars Orientalis 1 (1954): 191–4.
11
Elisséeff, Nikita. “La titulature de Nur al-Din après ses inscriptions.” Bulletin des Études Orientales
14 (1952–4): 155–96.
Ettinghausen, Richard. “The Bobrinski ‘kettle’: Patron and Style of an Islamic Bronze.” Gazette
des Beaux-Arts [6th series] 24 (1943): 193–208.
________. “The ‘Wade-Cup’ in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Its Origins and Decorations.”
Ars Orientalis 2 (1957): 327–66.
________. “Kufesque in Byzantine Greece, the Latin West and the Muslim World.” In A
Colloquium in Memory of George Carpenter Miles (1904–1975), pp. 28–47. New York, 1976.
________. “Das Schriftband an der Türe des Mahmud von Ghazna (998–1030).” Der Islam 8
(1918): 214–27.
________. “Bandeaux ornementés à inscriptions arabes, Amida-Diarbekr IXe [sic] siècle.” Syria
1 (1920): 235–49; 318–28; Syria 2 (1921): 54–62.
________. “Le décor épigraphiques des monuments de Ghazna.” Syria 6 (1925): 61–90.
________. “Ein Stuckmihrab des IV. (X.) Jahrhunderts.” Jahrbuch der Asiatischen Kunst 1 (1925):
106–9.
________. “Le décor épigraphique des monuments fatimides du Caire.” Syria 17 (1936): 365–
76.
________. “Ornamental Kufic Inscriptions on Pottery.” In A Survey of Persian Art, ed. A. U. Pope
and P. Ackerman, 1:743–69. London, 1939.
Garcia Gómez, E. Poemas árabes en los Muros y Fuentes de la Alhambra. Madrid, 1985.
Gaube, Heinz. Arabische Inschriften aus Syrie. Beiruter Texte und Studien. Beirut, 1978.
Ghouchani, Abdallah. Khatt-i Kufi Maqili dar Masajid-i Bastani-yi Isfahan. Tehran, 1985.
Giuzalian [Gyuzal’yan], L. T. “The Bronze Qalamdan (pencase) 542/1148 from the Hermitage
Collection (1936–1965).” Ars Orientalis 7 (1968): 95–119.
Glidden, Harold W., and Deborah Thompson. “Tiraz Fabrics in the Byzantine Collection,
Dumbarton Oaks, Part One: Tiraz from Egypt.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 2 (1988):
119–39.
________. “Tiraz Fabrics in the Byzantine Collection, Dumbarton Oaks, Parts Two and Three:
Tiraz from the Yemen, Iraq, Iran, and an Unknown Place.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 3
(1989): 89–105.
Golombek, Lisa, and V. Gervers. “Tiraz Fabrics in the Royal Ontario Museum.” In Studies in
Textile History in Memory of Harold B. Burnham, ed. V. Gervers, pp. 82–125. Toronto, 1977.
Grabar, Oleg. “Review of Epigrafika Vostoka I–VIII.” Ars Orientalis 1 (1954): 15–37.
** ________. The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem. Princeton, N.J., 1996.
** Grohmann, Adolf. “The Origin and Development of Floriated Kufic.” Ars Orientalis 2 (1957):
184–213.
Hanaway, William L., ed. Corpus Inscriptionum iranicarum, Part IV: Persian Inscriptions Down to the
Early Safavid Period, vol. 2: Khorasan Province, Portfolio I: Khorasan I. London, 1977.
Hawary, H., and H. Rached. Les steles funéraires. Vols 1 and 3. Cairo, 1932–8.
El-Hawary, Hassan M., and Gaston Wiet. Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum IV:
Arabie. Mémoires de l’Institut français archéologique du Caire 109, 1. Cairo. 1985.
Herzfeld, Ernst. Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum II: Inscriptions et Monuments d’Alep.
Mémoires de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire 76–78. Cairo. 1954–5.
Hillenbrand, Carole. “Jihad Propaganda in Syria from the Time of the First Crusade Until the
Death of Zengi: The Evidence of Monumental Inscriptions.” In The Frankish Wars and
Their Influence in Palestine, eds. K. Athamina and R. Heacock, pp. 60–9. Jerusalem, 1994.
Hillenbrand, Robert. “Qur’anic Epigraphy in Medieval Islamic Architecture.” Revue des Études
Islamiques 54 (1986): 171–87.
Hussain, M. A. A Record of All the Qur’anic and Non-Historical Epigraphs on the Protected Monuments of the
Delhi Province. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 47. Calcutta, 1936.
Kalus, Ludvik. Catalogue des Cachets, Bulles et Talismans Islamiques. Paris. 1981.
Karim, Abdul. Corpus of the Arabic and Persian Inscriptions of Bengal. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
Dhaka, 1992.
** Kessler, Christel. “Abd al-Malik’s Inscription in the Dome of the Rock: A Reconsideration.”
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3 (1970: 2–14.
Komaroff, Linda. “Persian Verses of Gold and Silver: The Inscriptions on Timurid
Metalwork.” In Timurid Art and Culture: Iran and Central Asia in the Fifteenth Century, eds. Lisa
Golombek and Maria Subtelny, pp. 144–57. Leiden, 1992.
** Kühnel, Ernst. Catalogue of Dated Tiraz Fabrics: Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid. Washington, D.C.,
1952.
Lane–Poole, S. Catalogue of Arabic Glass Weights in the British Museum. Paris, 1891.
Lowick, Nicholas M. Siraf XV: The Coins and Monumental Inscriptions. London, 1985.
Mantran, Robert. “Les inscriptions arabes de Brousse.” Bulletin d’Études Orientales 14 (1952–4):
87–114.
Marzouk, Muhammad Abdel Aziz. “The Evolution of Inscriptions on Fatimid Textiles.” Ars
Islamica 10 (1942): 164–66.
14
________. “Iranian Metalwork and the Written Word.” Apollo (April, 1976): 286–91.
Mercier, G. Corpus des inscriptions arabes et turques de l’Algerie: département de Constantine. Paris. 1902.
Miles, George C. “Epitaphs from an Isfahan Graveyard.” Ars Islamica 6 (1939): 151–7.
________. “Early Islamic Inscriptions Near Ta’if in the Hijaz.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 7
(1948): 236–42.
________. “Early Islamic Tombstones from Egypt in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.” Ars
Orientalis 2 (1957): 215–26.
Minovi, M. “A Persian Quatrain on a Dyed Silk.” Bulletin of the American Institute for Iranian Art and
Archaeology 5 (1937): 170–1.
Moaz, K., and S. Ory. Inscriptions Arabes de Damas: Les Stèles Funéraires. I. Cimetière d’al-Bab al-Sagir.
Damascus, 1977.
Nykl, A. R. “The Inscription on the Freer Vase.” Ars Orientalis 2 (1957): 496–7.
Otavsky, Karel, and Muhammad Abbas Muhammad Salim. Mittelalterliche Textilien I: Ägypten,
Persien und Mesopotamien, Spanien und Nordafrika. Riggisberg, 1995.
Pinder-Wilson, R. H., and C. N. L. Brooke. “The Reliquary of St. Petroc and the Ivories of
Norman Sicily.” Archaeologia 104 (1973): 261–306.
Ragib, Yusuf. “Un contrat de mariage sur soie d’Égypte Fatimide.” Annales Islamologiques 16
(1980): 31–7.
________. “The Brasses of Badr al-Din Lu’lu’.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
13, 3 (1951): 627–34.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 14
(1952): 564–78.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork—II.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
15 (1953): 61–79.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork—III.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
15 (1953): 229–45.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork—IV.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
15 (1953): 489–503.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork—V.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
17 (1955): 206–31.
________. “Inlaid Brasses from the Workshop of Ahmad al-Dhaki al-Mawsili.” Ars Orientalis 2
(1957): 283–326.
________. “Studies in Islamic Metalwork—VI.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
21 (1958): 225–53.
Rogers, J. M. “Calligraphy and Common Script: Epitaphs from Aswan and Akhlat.” In Content
and Context of Visual Arts in the Islamic World, ed. Priscilla P. Soucek, pp. 105–37. University
Park, Penna., 1988.
16
Salim, Muhammad ‘Abbas Muhammad. “The Inscriptions on Islamic Fabrics in the Abegg
Foundation.” Riggisberger Berichte 5 (1997): 123–8.
Sauvaget, Jean. “Glanes épigraphiques.” Revue des Études Islamiques 6 (1941–6): 17–28.
________. “Deux etudes d’épigraphie arabe.” Journal Asiatique 275 (1987): 223–52.
________. “Musalla Dawud (Yemen du Nord) et ses stèles funéraires musulmanes.” Journal
Asiatique 280 (1992): 1–79.
Sharon, M. “An Arabic Inscription from the Time of ‘Abd al-Malik.” Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies 29 (1966): 369–72.
________. “Un nouveau corpus des inscriptions arabes de Palestine.” Revue des Études Islamiques
42 (1974): 185–91.
________. “The Ayyubid Walls of Jerusalem: A New Inscription from the Time of al-
Mu’azzam ‘Isa.” In Studies in Memory of Gaston Wiet, ed. M. Rosen-Ayalon, pp. 179–94.
Jerusalem, 1977.
Siddiq, Mohammad Yusuf. “An Epigraphical Journey to an Eastern Islamic Land.” Muqarnas 7
(1990): 83–109.
Sobernheim, M. Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum II: Syrie du Nord, Mémoires de
l’Institut français archéologique du Caire 25. Cairo, 1909.
________. “Stèles arabes anciennes de Syrie du nord.” Annales Archéologiques de Syrie 6 (1956):
11–38.
________. “Le Coufique Alépin de l’époque Seljoukide.” In Mélanges Louis Massignon, 3:301–18.
Damascus, 1957.
________. “Clefs et serrures de la Ka’ba.” Revue des Études Islamiques 39, 1 (1971): 29–86.
________. “Quelques reflexions sur l’écriture des premières stèles arabes du Caire.” Annales
Islamologiques 11 (1972): 23–35.
________. “Inscriptions Seljoukides et salles à coupoles de Qazwin en Iran.” Revue des Études
Islamiques 42 (1974): 3–43.
** Volov, Lisa. “Plaited Kufic on Samanid Epigraphic Pottery.” Ars Orientalis 6 (1966): 107–34.
Walls, Archibald G., and Amal Abu al-Hajj. Arabic Inscriptions in Jerusalem: A Handlist and Maps.
London, 1980.
Watson, Oliver. “Documentary mina’i and Abu Zayd’s Bowls.” In The Art of the Seljuqs in Iran and
Anatolia, ed. Robert Hillenbrand, pp. 170–80. Costa Mesa, Calif., 1994.
Welch, Anthony, Hussein Keshani and Alexandra Bain. “Epigraphs, Scripture, and
Architecture in the Early Delhi Sultanate.” Muqarnas 19 (2002): 12–43.
Wenzel, Marian. Ornament and Amulet: Rings of the Islamic Lands, ed. Julian Raby. London, 1993.
________. “Stèles coufiques d’Égypte et du Soudan.” Journal Asiatique 240 (1952): 273–97.
________. “Une nouvelle inscription fatimide au Caire.” Journal Asiatique 249 (1961): 13–20.
Wilkinson, Charles K. Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period. New York, 1973.
18
Williams, Carolyn. “The Qur’anic Inscriptions on the Tabut of al-Husayn in Cairo.” Islamic Art
2 (1987): 3–14.
________. Inscriptions de Gorjani. Corpus des inscriptions arabes de Tunisie. Tunis, 1962.
________. Inscriptions de Monastir. Corpus des inscriptions arabes de Tunisie. Tunis, 1962.
KORAN
** Abbott, Nabia. The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Kuranic Development With a Full Description
of the Kur’an Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute. Chicago, 1939.
Arberry, A. J. “A Koran in Persian Kufic.” Oriental College Magazine 40, 3–4 (1964): 9–16.
________. The Koran Illuminated: A Handlist of the Korans in the Chester Beatty Library. Dublin, 1967.
** Berque, Jacques. “The Koranic Text: From Revelation to Compilation.” In The Book in the
Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the Middle East, ed. George N. Atiyeh,
pp. 17–32. Albany, N.Y., 1995.
Bloom, Jonathan M. “Al-Ma’mun’s Blue Koran?” Révue des études islamiques 54 (1986): 59–66.
________. “The Blue Koran: An Early Fatimid Kufic Manuscript from the Maghrib.” In Les
manuscrits du Moyen-Orient, ed. F. Déroche, pp. 95–99. Istanbul, 1989.
________. “The Early Fatimid Blue Koran Manuscript.” Graeco-Arabica 4 (1991): 171–78.
________. “Masterworks of Islamic Book Art: Koranic Calligraphy and Illumination in the
Manuscripts Found in the Great Mosque in Sanaa.” Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and
Civlization in Arabia Felix, ed. Werner Daum, pp. 178–81, 185–87. Innsbruck, 1988.
Déroche, François. “Les écritures coraniques anciennes, bilan et perspectives.” Revue des études
islamiques 48 (1980): 207–24.
________. Catalogue des manuscrits arabes. Les manuscrits du Coran. Vol. 2. Paris, 1983–85.
________. “The Qur’an from Amajur.” Manuscripts of the Middle East 5 (1990): 59–66.
** ________. The Abbasid Tradition: Qur’ans of the 8th to 10th Centuries AD. London, 1992.
________. “Un critère de datation des écritures coraniques anciennes: le kâf final ou isolé.”
Damaszener Mitteilungen 11 (1999): 87–94.
** Dodd, Erica, and Shereen Khairallah. The Image of the Word: A Study of Koranic Verses in Islamic
Architecture. 2 vols. Beirut, 1981.
Dreibholz, Urusla. “Der Fund von Sanaa: frühislamische Handschriften auf Pergament.” In
Pergament: Geschichte, Struktur, Restaurierung, Herstellung, ed. Peter Rück, pp. 299–313.
Sigmaringen, 1991.
** Dutton, Yasin. “Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some reflections on the
vocalization of early Qur’anic Manuscripts, Part 1.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 1, 1 (1999):
115–40.
Ettinghausen, Richard. “A Signed and Dated Seljuq Qur’an.” Bulletin of the American Institute of
Persian Art and Archaeology 4 (1935): 92–102.
Gacek, Adam. “Early Qur’anic Fragments.” Fontanus: from the Collections of McGill University 3
(1990): 45–64.
** George, Alain Fouad. “The Geometry of the Qur’an of Amajur: A Preliminary Study of
Proportion in Early Arabic Calligraphy.” Muqarnas 20 (2003): 1–16.
** Grohmann, Adolf. “The Problem of Dating Early Qur’ans.” Der Islam 33 (1985): 19–23.
James, David. Qur’ans and Bindings from the Chester Beatty Library: A Facsimile Exhibition. London,
1980.
________. Masterpieces of the Holy Quranic Manuscripts: Selections from the Islamic World. Kuwait,
1987.
________. After Timur: Qur’ans of the 15th and 16th Centuries. New York, 1992.
________. The Master Scribes: Qur’ans of the 11th to 14th Centuries. New York, 1992.
Jenkins, Marilyn. “A Vocabulary of Umayyad Ornament: New Foundations for the Study of
Early Qur’an Manuscripts.” In Masahif Sana’a’, pp. 19–23. Kuwait, 1985.
Lamare, A. “Le mushaf de la mosquée de Cordoue.” Journal asiatique 230 (1938): 551–75.
Lings, Martin. The Quranic art of Calligraphy and Illumination. New York, 1976.
Lings, Martin, and Yasin Safadi. The Qur’an: Catalogue of an Exhibition of Qur’an Manuscripts at the
British Library. London, 1976.
** Ory, Solange. “Du Coran récité au Coran calligraphié.” Arabica 47, 3–4 (2000): 366–80.
Puin, Gerd-R. “Observations on Early Qur’an Manuscripts in San’a’.” In The Qur’an as Text, ed.
Stefan Wild, pp. 107–11. Leiden, 1996.
** Rice, D. S. The Unique Ibn al-Bawwab Manuscript in the Chester Beatty Library. Dublin, 1955.
Safwat, Nabil F. Golden pages: Qur’ans and other manuscripts from the collection of Ghassan I. Shaker.
Oxford, 2000.
** Tabbaa, Yasser. “The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 1, Qur'anic Calligraphy.” Ars
Orientalis 21 (1991): 119–48.
Tadrus, Fawzi. Dalil ma’rid makhtutat al-Qur’an al-karim. Doha, Qatar, 1991.
The Holy Quran in Manuscript. A Selection of Fine and Rare Holy Quran Leaves and Manuscripts Exhibited by
the National Bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Jeddah, 1991.
Whelan, Estelle. “Writing the Word of God: Some Early Qur’an Manuscripts and their
Milieu.” Ars Orientalis 20 (1990): 113–47.
** ________. “Forgotten Witness: Evidence for the Early Codification of the Qur’an.” Journal
of the American Oriental Society 118, 1 (1998): 1–14.
NUMISMATICS
Bates, Michael. “Islamic Numismatics.” Middle East Studies Bulletin 12, 2 (1978): 1–6; 12, 3
(1978): 2–18; 13, 1 (1979): 3–21; 13, 2 (1979): 1–9.
21
________. “History, Geography and Numismatics in the First Century of Islamic Coinage.”
Revue Suisse de Numismatique 65 (1986): 231–63.
** Grierson, P. “The Monetary Reforms of ‘Abd al-Malik.” Journal of the Economic and Social
History of the Orient 3 (1960): 241–64.
Lane-Poole, S. British Museum Department of Coins and Medals. Catalog of Coins in the British Museum.
10 vols. London, 1882–.
** Levey, M. “Medieval Arabic Minting of Gold and Silver Coins.” Chymia 12 (1967): 3–14.
Mayer, Leo Ary. Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics, India Excepted. London, 1954.
Mitchener, M. The World of Islam: Oriental Coins and Their Values. London, 1977.
Nicol, N. Catalog of the Islamic Coins, Glass Weights, Dies and Medals in the Egyptian National Library.
Cairo, 1982.
** Toll, C. “Minting Technique According to Arabic Literary Sources.” Orientalia Suecana 19–20
(1970–71): 125–39.
Walker, John. A Catalogue of Muhammadan Coins in the British Museum. Vol. 1, Arab-Sassanian Coins,
vol. 2, Arab-Byzantine and Post-Reform Coins. London, 1941–65.
Abbott. Nabia. “The Contribution of Ibn Muklah to the North-Arabic Script.” American Journal
of Semitic Languages and Literatures 56 (1939): 71–83.
Ahlwardt, W. Kurzes Verzeichniss der Glaser’schen Sammlung arabischen Handschriften. Berlin, 1887.
Bivar, A. D. H. “The Arabic Calligraphy of West Africa.” African Lanaguages Review 7 (1968): 3–
15.
22
Boogert, N. van den. “Some notes on Maghribi script.” Manuscripts of the Middle East 4 (1989):
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