ABSTRACT

Youth suicides are increasing among the Indians. It is growing as a kind of disease rampant among
the Indian youth especially in cosmopolitan cities.

India the largest democratic country, having the largest youth population in the world, has become
the suicide capital of the world. It is an alarming fact that suicides are increasing among the Indian
youth shaking the very foundations of human existence. Researches say that out of every three cases
of suicide reported every 15 minutes in India, one is committed by a youth in the age group of 15 to
29.

The highest number of suicides and attempted suicides happen in cosmopolitan

cities and towns of India. Studies show that for every student who commits suicide, there are at least
13 cases who attempt suicide. Most youngsters who attempt suicide do not really want to die.
Actually, they are crying out for help. There seems to be universal agreement on the manner in
which they act before their suicidal attempt.

Suicide among youth has risen sharply in this decade. The lack of research into these
phenomena is highlighted along with an exploration of current explanations. A specific
conceptual framework is proposed that includes Extra group pressure, Intragroup pressure, and
Value Orientation. The framework is extended into the area of mental health planning, as well as
behavioral science practice. Conceptual Framework Suicide is a willed action .It can lead to a
death of a person .Prevalence of suicide is the important focus of the study .Suicide affects
mostly the teenagers .Causes of suicide can be considered to be the factors that dictate the
occurrence of suicide specifically in the youth.
Contents:
 Title of paper in appropriate form.
 Introduction-
• Conceptual framework.
• Defining variables.
• Defining industry sector evaluation growth, Competition etc.
• Rationale of paper.
• Objectives.
 Literature review-
• Review of the work carried out by the other researchers in similar area.
• Writing summary of each research work Article/Thesis etc.
• Finding out the gap between existing system and current system.
 Technology-
• Hardware/Software requirements.
• Technical intricacies.
• Major assumptions.
 Methodology-
• Research deign.
• Sample design.
• Sample size.
• Hypothesis (if any).
• Tools for data collection.
• Tools for data analysis.

 Comparison of Proposed system/Model/Technology/Concept with the existing one.

 Major finding/Reporting/Results.
 Discussion and Analysis of results and supporting with the result of other researchers.
 Limitation.
 Implication.
 Suggestion.
 Conclusion.
 Reference and Bibliography in APA style.
INTRODUCTION:-

Youth suicides are increasing among the Indians. It is growing as a kind of disease rampant among
the Indian youth especially in cosmopolitan cities.

India the largest democratic country, having the largest youth population in the world, has become
the suicide capital of the world. It is an alarming fact that suicides are increasing among the Indian
youth shaking the very foundations of human existence. Researches say that out of every three cases
of suicide reported every 15 minutes in India, one is committed by a youth in the age group of 15 to
29.

The highest number of suicides and attempted suicides happen in cosmopolitan

cities and towns of India. Studies show that for every student who commits suicide, there are at least
13 cases who attempt suicide. Most youngsters who attempt suicide do not really want to die.
Actually, they are crying out for help. There seems to be universal agreement on the manner in
which they act before their suicidal attempt.

• Conceptual Framework: -

Suicide among youth has risen sharply in this decade. The lack of research into these
phenomena is highlighted along with an exploration of current explanations. A specific
conceptual framework is proposed that includes Extra group pressure, Intragroup pressure, and
Value Orientation. The framework is extended into the area of mental health planning, as well as
behavioral science practice. Conceptual Framework Suicide is a willed action .It can lead to a
death of a person .Prevalence of suicide is the important focus of the study .Suicide affects
mostly the teenagers .Causes of suicide can be considered to be the factors that dictate the
occurrence of suicide specifically in the youth.
 • Defining variables:-

Dependent Variable Prevalence of suicide both attempted and committed.

Independent Variables  Mood disorders co-morbid substance use disorders aggressive or

Disruptive behaviors experience of abuse

The variables presented , both dependent and independent shall be the tool to be used to determine
the causes of suicide and shall be compared , among each other .

• Defining Industry sector evaluation growth, Competition etc.

In suicide, India is now at front position in comparison to all the other countries in the world.
The cases of suicides are increasing day by day rapidly. Other countries such as USA,
France, UK are also suffering through the problem of suicide in young generation. This
problem is increasing which needs a permanent solution quickly.

• Rationale of paper.

The main purpose of the study is in the possible direct relationship between the
occurrence and the causes of suicide.
• Objectives---

1. To present a background study of the cases of suicide and the situations in the family,
Community and society.

2. To focus on the study of the causes of committing suicide on the basis of different
Social Backgrounds and baseline information.

3. To improve access to and availability of appropriate prevention services for vulnerable

Youth groups and high-risk individuals.

4. To prevent both fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviors among youth aged 15-24 years.

5. To reduce the impact of suicide and suicidal behaviors on individuals, families and
Communities.
LITERATURE REVIEW:-

• Review of the work carried out by the other researchers in similar area.

This literature review provides an outline of the known risk factors for suicide, examining
the effectiveness of assessment instruments and interventions for preventing completed suicide,
suicidal behavior and suicidal ideation. A wide-ranging systematic review has been carried out to
evaluate the evidence available to emergency departments and acute psychiatric services in Victoria
relating to the prevention of suicide. The review will underpin the recommendations of a Victorian
clinical best practice guideline for the assessment and management of people at risk of suicide, who
present to emergency departments and mental health service acute assessment services (the Suicide
Guideline Project).

• Writing summary of each research work Article/Thesis etc.

Research suggests that suicide and suicidal behaviours are strongly associated with certain
mental health conditions, such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders
and substance use disorders. Previous suicidal behaviour, including prior attempts and behavioural
rehearsal are significant risk factors for further suicidal behaviour. Hopelessness, aggression,
recklessness and impulsivity are individual characteristics that have been linked to suicidal
behaviour. Family factors, including high levels of conflict, parental mental illness and a family
history of suicidal behaviour can elevate the risk for suicide. Many who die by suicide have a history
of childhood physicalor sexual abuse. Adolescents and young adults with a history of childhood
abuse are three times more likely to become depressed or suicidal than those without such a history.
Stressful life events, which typically precipitate suicidal acts, further contribute to suicide risk,
especially in combination with existing vulnerabilities. These events commonly include
interpersonal conflict, rejection, failure, unemployment, financial stressors, humiliation and loss.
Rurality, and its associated factors such as rural socioeconomic decline, health service availability
and accessibility, culture, community attitudes to mental health and help seeking, and access to
firearms, has also been identified as contributing to higher rates of suicide. Medical or psychiatric
comorbidities are independent suicide risk factors. Psychiatric patients often present with more than
one psychiatric disorder. Using a case-control design assessed 111 patients who had attempted
suicide and found that more patients with comorbid disorders had made previous and repeated
attempts during the follow-up period. Comorbidity of Axis I disorders and personality disorders was
present in 44 per cent of patients.

• Finding out the gap between existing system and current system.

Mostly, suicides are going on ,due to no proper control and attention of family towards their
children. This is a major gap which is the main cause of suicidal cases.

METHODOLOGY:-

• Research deign.

This research is based on secondary data through which all information is gathered.

• Sample design.

As no questionnaire is used thus no sample size used.

• Tools for data collection.

Secondary data is used through these---->

- Libraries
- Internet
- Facilities that are involved in the research of psychological and social cases.

 A descriptive and qualitative form of study has been applied in this study .
 Information is collected from previous works of past authors .
 Studies and published works that are included are also classified and studied .
 This is a psychological-related research , involving methods and phases .
 The determination of the particular field and subject is imperative .
 Studies and published works that are included are also classified and studied .
  COMPARISON OF PROPOSED SYSTEM/ MODEL / TECHNOLOGY /
CONCEPT WITH THE EXISTING ONE

Currently, suicide is a major problem in young generation. The purpose of this research is to
find out the required permanent solutions for suicide accidental cases to stop this behaviour
of young generation and to secure young generation for their sake because youth is the future
of its country.

 MAJOR FINDING / REPORTING / RESULTS

Through this research the following results came out for attempting suicide. They are Academic
Disappointments, Relationship Failures and Psychological Imbalance. There are many Socio-
economic, Psychological and Cultural factors associated with suicide.

1) The Family Situation

Family plays a vital role in youth suicide. Nucleus families running after money and comfort never
think of the Psychological conditions of their wards. Most mothers are employed. As Swasti Naik, a
Student counselor of Mumbai says, “ Some decades back, the Joint Family system ruled supreme in
Indian society and a child upset about usually came back home to sympathetic Grandparents, Uncles,
and Cousins who were always willing to pitch in with assistance.” But now, what is the situation of
the family? Life in families is Jam-Packed and there is no time for anybody to care for the other.

Moreover, parents today are more worried about the Academic Performance to push them up as per
their ambitions rather than the ability and condition of their children. The children are forced to
study what their parents want.

2) Closed Emotions of Youths

The Mental condition of our Younger generation is in turmoil. They are unable to outlets for their
suppressed emotions. The emotions of today’s youngsters are different from that of olden days
which the parents and elders do not recognize.

3) Change in Societies
Societies have drastically transformed into much more openness which has positive and negative
consequences. TV and other media have become more important. They have their own negative
aspects.

4) Relationship Failures

At home there is no one to care. Only stomachs are more cared than hearts. When a friendship or
love affair fails, today’s emotional mind thinks of suicide as the only relief. Even the media suggest
this end as an effective solution.

5) Addiction to Internet

Too much of addiction to Internet and self-centered approach often aggravates their isolated life.
Youth become cocooned ‘insects’ without any interaction with anyone.

6) Negative Thoughts lead to Suicide

Life seems to be nothing more than a hellish nightmare to the disappointed youth of modern
emotional world. They easily lose confidence in life as their unrealistic sense of hopelessness is one
of the most crucial factors in the development of their serious suicidal wish. They do not wait to
analyze things. Rather they jump to the conclusion that their problems are insoluble.

7) Indian Education System is more Job-Oriented than Life-Oriented

Education system in India is more Job-Oriented than life. Pressure to perform well to reach higher
Academic Qualifications is one of the major reasons for suicide. Failure in examinations and lack of
family support in such situations cause depression in youth. Suicide news filling the newspaper
columns after the examination results has become common in India.

Youth suicide in India is a serious problem which needs the attention of every one. Facts are
alarming. We are aware of the reasons. It is our turn now to act to solve the problems.

Warning signs of suicide

1) Social Isolation

They show total withdrawal and non interaction with people. It is really ironical that in this age of
social networking and websites teens are isolated in their societies and live a reclusive life.

2) Change in Normal Life

A normal child or youth shows signs of change in life by suddenly turning quiet and withdrawn from
normal life. Long silences, unexplained visits to the bathroom, or hiding behind locked doors are
some of the signs of this.

3) Loss of Self Esteem

Inability to accept failure or loss in self esteem leads to dejectedness and suicide. This may be
expressed by aversion in eating, or loss of interest in activities.

4) Expression of suicidal intention

Suicide is not an instant action. Usually it is premeditated and expressed in some way or other.

.
 DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND SUPPORTING
WITH THE RESULT OF OTHER RESEARCHERS.

Dr. Lakshmi Vijayakumar, a noted psychiatrist in Chennai, is the person behind the voluntary
organisation and Sneha Bajaj has worked in the field of suicide intervention for the last 22 years.

Through this research it is found that the reasons for attempting such accidental behaviour is because
of many reasons like generation of Negative thought, Indian education system is more Job-Oriented
than Life oriented, Lack of family support etc.Other researchers also specify these reasons in
different parts/countries of the world including India.
  SUGGESTION.

It is well said that the power of any nation lies on the power of youths of the nation. Youth plays
important role in the progress of nation. But with great sorrow, I mentioning that as per the survey, a
youth commits suicide every 2 hours in India. Only in last two months, nearly 30 students committed
suicide. It is very alarming and eye-opener to all parents and policy planners. There are many
reasons for suicides. It is not the time to make discussions but we all should think about how to stop
all this suicides. Youths ending their valuable lives in such a manner are not good for development
of any nation. We can stop all such things by involving youths in communication. Today we are less
communicating with our kids and students. Everyone is busy in own job. We can adopt following
steps while behaving with student-

1. Put stress on good qualities of student and narrate when required.

2. Try to change bad habits with soft talk.
3. Listen the thoughts actively and show interest in it.
4. Teach them problem solving things and stress releasing skills.
5. Try to teach good and bad habits and its loss.
6. Try to praise the students whenever possible.
7. Try to teach to accept defeat with smile.
8. Try to keep goals and teach them step by step planning to achieve the desired goals.
9. Teach them positive thinking.
10. Try to involve them in family functions and allot them some small responsibility.
11. Never underestimate them and never neglect them.
12. Try to increase self confidence and self esteem.
13. Tell them to extend helping hand to needy when required.
14. Don’t compare with others.
15 Give them choice to select their subjects.

I will tell them to believe in themselves, have faith in people who are close to them like parents,
friends, etc. They should have the faith that they can lead a fruitful and happy life. It is important that
they contribute something to the community. They should understand that stress is also part of life,
and how we handle stress is what makes us successful.
It is the proper time to think and act accordingly to stop suicides

 CONCLUSION:-

Always Youth is the future of its country but due to some reasons our future is in
Danger. This research tells us about what are the causes of such dangerous actions
Which a youth take to end his /her life and how to prevent these causes and actions.

 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY IN APA STYLE.

References

1. Lawrence, D, Holman, CD, Jablensky, AV, Fuller, SA & Stoney, AJ 2001, 'Increasing rates of
suicide in Western Australian psychiatric patients: A record linkage study', Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica, vol.104, pp. 443-451.
2. De Leo, D, Cerin, E, Spathonis, K & Burgis S 2005, 'Lifetime risk of suicide ideation and
attempts in an Australian community: prevalence, suicidal process, and help-seeking behaviour',
Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 86, pp. 215-224.
3. Cantor, C & Neulinger, K 2000, 'The epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide among young
Australians', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 34, pp. 370-387.
4. Graham, A, Reser, J, Scuderi, C, Smith, M, Turley, B & Zubrick, S 2000, 'Suicide: An Australian
psychological society discussion paper', Australian Psychologist, vol. 35, pp. 1-28.

5. Pirkis, J & Burgess, P 1998, 'Suicide and recency of health care contacts. A systematic review',
British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 173, pp. 462-474.
6. Luoma, JB, Martin, CE & Pearson, JL 2002, 'Contact with mental health and primary care
providers before suicide: a review of the evidence', American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 159, pp.
909-916.
7. Suominen, KH, Isometsa, ET, Ostamo, AI & Lonnqvist, JK 2002, 'Health care contacts before and
after attempted suicide', Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 37, pp. 89-94.
8. Appleby, L, Shaw, J, Amos, T, McDonnell, R, Harris, C, McCann, K, Kiernan, K, Davies, S,
Bickley, H & Parsons, R 1999, 'Suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services:
national clinical survey', British Medical Journal, vol. 318, pp. 1235-1239.
9. Oordt, MS, Jobes, DA, Fonseca, VP & Schmidt, S 2009, 'Training mental health professionals to
assess and manage suicidal behavior: Can provider confidence and practice behaviors be altered?',

Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, vol. 39, pp. 21-32.

10. Summers, M & Happell, B 2002, 'The quality of psychiatric services provided by an Australian
tertiary hospital emergency department: a client perspective', Accident and Emergency Nursing,
vol. 10, pp. 205-213.

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