Oklahoma State University

Stillwater
 Conference
On
Science and Engineering
OSU 2010

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Committee:

Program Chair:
Dr. Gene Halleck, Department of English
Dr. Mokhtar Al- Zuraiki, Department of English

Call For Proposal Panel:

Govindaraajan B.Y, Nidul Chandra Ghosh

Abstract Approval Panel:

Govindaraajan B.Y, Naresh B Mulpuri, Ahmed Moneeb,
Auvi Biswas, Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman Fuad, Nidul
Chandra Ghosh, Rushd Md. Khaled Julfiker

Organization Panel:
Govindaraajan B.Y, Nidul Chandra Ghosh

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Hosted by the Department of English, Oklahoma State University

Time: Sunday, November 14, 2010, 12:00 pm - 3:00 pm

Venue: 206, Morill Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK

About the conference: Each year ITA conference program is conducted by the English
Department. This conference provides a platform for OSU graduate students to exhibit their
research in different fields. The theme ‘Science & Engineering’ facilitates students from a broad
range of research background to share their accomplishments.

Call for Proposals: The OSU School of Engineering conducts a conference session on latest
developments in energy production and sustainment, and in science & technology. The program
invites proposals that deal with the latest advancements in the field of energy production,
science and technology. The proposals must have good research background and sufficient data
to support it. The presentations will be judged by a panel of highly qualified Engineers and
Professors.

Eligibility: Graduate students with good research background are eligible to present in the
conference. The papers will be selected on merit and research basis by the selection committee.

Deadline: All proposals must be submitted on or before Oct 18th 2010.

Contact: Govindaraajan B.Y (govindb@okstate.edu) , Nidul Chandra Ghosh

(nidul.ghosh@okstate.edu) , and Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman Fuad
(hasib.fuad@okstate.edu)

Instructor: Mokhtar Al- Zuraiki (mokhtar.al-zuraiki@okstate.edu)

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Index
Schedule…………………………….……………………………..5
Abstracts…….. …………..……………………………………….7
Acknowledgements……………………..…………………….13

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Schedule:
Sunday, November 14, 2010

11:40 – 12:00 Registration

Welcome speech
12:00 – 12:05 Auvi Biswas

Section 1: Energy(Convenor: Govindaraajan B.Y )

12:05 – 12:15 Wind Power
Aniruddha Das, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering
12:15 – 12:25 Fuel Cell: An Alternative Energy Source
Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman Fuad, Department of Mechanical
and Aerospace Engineering
12:25 – 12:35 Hydroelectricity: An Effective Renewable Energy
Source
Auvi Biswas, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace
Engineering
12:35 – 12:45 Newton and Energy
Govindaraajan B.Y, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering
12:45 – 12:55 Biofuels
Ahmed Moneeb, Department of Chemistry
12:55 – 1:05 Geothermal Energy
M.R. Veera Malayappan, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering
1:05 – 1:10 BREAK
Section 2: Science & Technology (Convenor: Nidul Chandra Ghosh)
1:10 – 1:20 Solar Roadways
Nidul Chandra Ghosh, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering.
1:20 - 1:30 Chemical Reactor – Types
Upasana Manimegalai Sridhar, Department of Chemical
Engineering

1:30 - 1:40 Space Pen

Rushd Md. Khaled Julfiker, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering.

1:40 - 1:50 Heat Transfer

Naresh B Mulpuri, Department of Chemistry

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1:50 – 2:00 BREAK
2:00-2:10 Turbochargers and Its Working:
Manojkumar Selvakumar, Department of Mechanical and
Aerospace Engineering
2:10-2:20 Sensor Based Controlling of Chemical Mechanical
Planarization (CMP) processes
Beyca, Omer Faruk

2:20-2:30 Introduction to Pulley

Mingxian Su, Physics Department

2:30-2:40 DNA Cloning

Xiaotong Chen, Department of microbiology

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Abstracts
Section 1:
Wind Power

Aniruddha Das, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Wind power is a renewable source of energy. Like all other renewable sources of energy,
the main source of this energy is the sun. Wind flows due to the solar energy and the
rotational motion of the earth. A wind turbine obtains its power input by converting the
force of the wind into torque (turning force) acting on the rotor blades. The efficiency of
wind turbine depends on the design of a windmill. The demand of wind turbine
increases due to its low cost and growing interest in renewable sources of energy. Wind
energy can solve un-employment problem .Although it has a few disadvantages but it
will become a viable source of energy in future to create job opportunities.

Fuel Cell: An Alternative Energy Source

Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman Fuad, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Fuel cell is an emerging energy source as people are searching for alternatives to the
fossil fuels. In this lecture I will first explain the fuel cell, its different parts and its
operation. Afterwards I will depict its application in Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV). I will also
discuss the benefits and challenges in using fuel cell. So all together the outline of my
presentation is: 1) Definition of Fuel Cell; 2) Its Working Principle; 3) Its application in
FCV; 4) Benefits and Challenges.

Hydroelectricity: An Effective Renewable Energy Source

Auvi Biswas, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the

production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or
flowing water. Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed
water driving a water turbine and generator. The power extracted from the water
depends on the volume and on the difference in height between the source and the
water's outflow. The major advantages of hydroelectricity are elimination of the cost of
fuel, having longer economic lives than fuel-fired generation, low construction cost, less
production of CO2 etc. Although hydroelectric power plants have the drawbacks of
damaging ecosystem, flow shortage in rivers, methane emissions and failure hazard,
compared to other methods of power generation, it has been proven to be more efficient
and effective.

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Newton and Energy

Govindaraajan B.Y, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

The topic of my presentation is The Three Laws of Motion and how it is implied in the
field of power production. The laws of motion are used in all fields of science and also in
our day to day life. My presentation will give a clear definition and explanation about the
three laws of motion and how they are implied in the working process of a steam turbine
in production of power. The construction of steam turbine is explained and its working
principle is explained with the three laws of motion.

Biofuels

Ahmed Moneeb, Department of Chemistry

Bioifuels are one of the most promising resources of renewable energies because it can
be used as cheap and clean alternatives of fossil fuels. By understanding the chemical
principles of conversion processes of wide range of biomass materials to high
performance biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel, the scientists could develop efficient
technologies of biofuels production. In addition the positive economic effect, using non-
petroleum fuels can play a crucial role in reducing global carbon emissions which is the
main cause of highly concerned phenomenon of global warming.

Geothermal Energy

M.R. Veera Malayappan, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

In Order to survive the fast paced growth which the world has attained, a search for
sustainable development has become inevitable. The answer for the quest lies in finding
a potential source of energy which can be harnessed as long as the world exists. One
such potential source of power is Geothermal Power. In this Presentation I’m going to
speak about Geothermal Energy, the Principle behind the Production of Geothermal
Energy, Its potential advantages and production zones in the US.

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Section 2:
Solar Roadways

Nidul Chandra Ghosh, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Solar roadways are the roads which functions both as road and energy collectors. These
are series of solar panels on which car and trucks can drive on. Solar roadways are
consisted of 3 different layers, 1) road surface layer, 2) electronic layer and 3) base plate
layer. Road surface layer is made of glass and it has to carry the loads of trucks and cars
on it. Electronic layer consists of solar panels and LED's and base plate layer is used to
distribute the power that already been produced by the solar panels. If we convert our
normal asphalt roadways into solar roadways there will be less pollution, less global
warming, no ice or snow accumulation on roadways and it enables us to use electrical
vehicle which has a lower cost. Most importantly Solar roadway will act as an intelligent
highway where the roads will pay for themselves.

Chemical Reactor – Types

Upasana Manimegalai Sridhar, Department of Chemical Engineering

Chemical Reactors are the vessels designed to contain Chemical Reaction- a process that
leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. There are
various types of Chemical Reactors. On a broad classification Chemical Reactors are
classified into Batch Reactors and Continuous Flow Reactors. There is no continuous
flow in and out of reactants and products during the course of reaction in a Batch
Reactor unlike Continuous Flow Reactor. Continuous Flow Reactors are further
classified into Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR), Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) and
Packed Bed Reactor (PBR). CSTR are same as Batch Reactors in terms of having tank,
agitator and cooling/heating jacket but the only difference is continuous inflow and
outflow of reactants and products are seen in CSTR and not in Batch. PFR is a tube with
collection of equal sized plugs each of which act as a Batch Reactor with continuous
inflow and outflow. PBR is same as PFR but has packing in the tube to help in increased
contact of the reactants with each other. The presentation in all will reveal all these
aspects along with pictures to have a better understanding of the concept.

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Space Pen

Rushd Md. Khaled Julfiker, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

In the seventies when the 'Race for Space' was being fought, astronauts used pencils in
the spaceships for writing. But the lead of these pencils could easily break off causing a
dangerous situation in the gravity less space cabin. Fisher Pen Co. then developed the
Space Pen which use a special kind of ink pressurized in a reservoir, which enables the
pen to write in gravity less and many other extreme conditions. This presentation briefly
shows the how the space pen was originated, its features, how does it work and where it
is being used.

Heat Transfer

Naresh B Mulpuri, Department of Chemistry

Heat is a form of energy and Heat Transfer is movement of thermal energy from one
place to another. When an object is at different temperature from its surroundings, heat
transfer occurs so that the body and the surrounding reach at the same temperature.
Heat transfer methodologies are used in automotive engineering, chemical engineering,
climate control, power plant engineering etc. In my presentation I will explain the three
modes of Heat Transfer conduction, convection and radiation followed by a couple of
examples.

Turbochargers and Its Working:

Manojkumar Selvakumar, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

When people talk about race cars or high-performance sports cars, the topic of
turbochargers usually comes up. Turbochargers also appear on large diesel engines. A
turbo can significantly boost an engine's horsepower without significantly increasing its
weight, which is the huge benefit that makes turbocharger so popular!

In this article, we'll learn how a turbocharger increases the power output of an engine
while surviving extreme operating conditions. Turbochargers are a type of forced
induction system. They compress the air flowing into the engine (see How Car Engines
Work for a description of airflow in a normal engine). The advantage of compressing the
air is that it lets the engine squeeze more air into a cylinder, and more air means that
more fuel can be added. Therefore, you get more power from each explosion in each
cylinder. A turbocharged engine produces more power overall than the same engine
without the charging.

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In order to achieve this boost, the turbocharger uses the exhaust flow from the engine to
spin a turbine, which in turn spins an air pump. The turbine in the turbocharger spins at
speeds of up to 150,000 rotations per minute (rpm) -- that's about 30 times faster than
most car engines can go. And since it is hooked up to the exhaust, the temperatures in
the turbine are also very high.

Early manufacturers of turbochargers referred to them as "turbo superchargers". A

supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an engine. Logically then,
adding a turbine to turn the supercharger would yield a "turbosupercharger". However,
the term was soon shortened to "turbocharger". This is now a source of confusion, as the
term "turbosupercharged" is sometimes used to refer to an engine that uses both a
crankshaft-driven supercharger and an exhaust-driven turbocharger, often referred to
as twincharging.

Sensor Based Controlling of Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP)

processes

Beyca, Omer Faruk

Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) process has been widely used in the
semiconductor manufacturing industry for realizing highly polished (Ra ~ 1 nm) and
planar (Within wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU) ~ 1%, thickness standard deviation ~ 3
nm) surfaces of an in-process wafer. An important performance parameter of a CMP
process is the material removal rate (MRR), which determines the productivity and the
end point of the process. This paper presents a method that integrates statistical
analysis and sensor-based dynamic modeling to estimate and predict process state
variables, and therewith predict End-Point. Vibration signals from accelerometer
sensors are adopted in the experiment study conducted on a LapMaster 12 bench top
lapping machine to capture the process states that are related to MRR using design of
experiments and statistical regression analysis. Sensor based modeling integrated with
statistical methods is used to determine End-Point of CMP process

Introduction to Pulley

Mingxian Su, Physics Department

Many machines are invented in human history. They are very important to human living
and developing. Actually most machines are made up of simple machine elements, such
as levers, gears, wheels and pulley. Here pulley is introduced since it is not as well
known as others.

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This presentation firstly claims the definition of pulley. Then two kinds of pulley are
detailed talked: fixed pulley has a fixed axle and is used to redirect the force in a rope;
movable pulley has a free axle and is used to transform forces. Using two kinds of basic
pulleys, pulley systems can be constructed for many purposes. Sequentially a detailed
example was showed to give sense of the usage of pulley systems. Finally the limit of
pulleys’ efficiency was pointed out in existence of frictional force.

DNA Cloning

Xiaotong Chen, Department of microbiology

As the study of DNA developing rapidly, DNA cloning has become a widespread method.
DNA cloning is a technique to reproduce DNA fragments.  It can be achieved by two
different approaches: (1) cell based,  and (2)PCR. This time we are just going to talk
about the cell based technology.

In the cell-based approach, a vector is required to carry the DNA fragment of interest
into the host cell. We usually use plasmid as the vector which is a ringlike DNA found in
bacteria.

The procedure of the DNA cloning is as follows:

(a) DNA recombination. The DNA fragment to be cloned is inserted into a vector

(which is a plasmid). The recombinant vector must also contain an antibiotic-
resistance gene.

(b) Transformation.  The recombinant DNA enters into the host cell and proliferates.
Normal E. coli cells are difficult to take up plasmid DNA from the medium. If they
are treated with CaCl2, the transformation efficiency can be significantly enhanced.

(c) Selective amplification. A specific antibiotic is added to kill E. coli without any
protection.  The transformed E. coli is protected by the antibiotic-resistance gene
whose product can inactivate the specific antibiotic.  In this figure, the numbers of
vectors in each E. coli cell are not the same, because they may also reproduce
independently.

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Acknowledgements
We convey our gratitude to instructor Mokhtar Al- Zuraiki, and the English Department
of Oklahoma State University.

We would also like to thank all the speakers:

Kaji Md. Hasibur Rahman Fuad

Auvi Biswas

Anirudha Das

Ahmed Moneeb

M.R. Veera Malayappan

Govindaraajan B.Y.

Nidul Chandra Ghosh

Upasana Manimegalai Sridhar

Rushd Md. Khaled Julfiker

Naresh B Mulpuri

Manojkumar Selvakumar

Omer Faruk Beyca

Mingxian Su

Xiaotong Chen

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