Pak.

Studies/Code:2059/Geo

BY

TAYYBA ZAHOOR
Climate and Weather
 Climate: Weather is generalization of the day to day
weather conditions over a long period of time usually
thirty years.
 Weather: Weather refers to the atmospheric
conditions of any place for a short period of time
(temporary changes in the climate)
Difference between weather and
climate
WEATHER: Weather is CLIMATE: Climate is
what conditions of the how the atmosphere
atmosphere are over a "behaves" over relatively
short period of time. long periods of time.
Seasons of Pakistan

 Pakistan has four seasons

 Winter (mid December to March)
 Early summer (April to June)
 Late summer (July to September)
 Post monsoon (October to Mid December)
Rainfall
Sources of rainfall in Pakistan:
 Monsoon winds
 The Western Depression
 Convectional Currents
 Relief rainfall
 Tropical cyclones
Monsoon winds:
July to September
 Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow during summer
and winter. They Originate from Bay of Bengal.
 Before entering Pakistan they cause rainfall in Bangladesh and
India.
 When these winds reached Pakistan most of their moisture is
used.
 Eastern, Western and Northern got their summer rainfall
through the monsoon winds.

 Muree, Abbotabad ,Peshawar ,Swat, Islamabad ,Sialkot ,Lahore

,Faisalabad are the main cities where monsoon experienced .
Western depression:
December -March
 Western Depression are the cyclones which originate
in Mediterranean Sea.
 They travel across Afghanistan and Iran and then
reach the western part of Pakistan.
 The moisture in the air is evaporated and cause
rainfall.
 Quetta receives most of its rainfall during winter
season.
 It cause rainfall at lower altitude and snow fall at
higher altitude.
 Northern ,North Western and Western areas got their
winter rainfall through Western depression.
 These winds cause rainfall from December to March.
 Muree, Swat, Gilgit,Hunza ,Mardan, Quetta, Ziarat
are the areas where winter rainfall received through
western depression.
Convectional currents
April-June ,October-November
 Strong winds accompanying the storms and it may
pick up dust with them.

 These winds originated locally.

 Northern and North western areas of Pakistan receive
rainfall from convectional currents.
 It is not enough source of rainfall as monsoon or
Western depression but important source of rainfall.
Relief rainfall:

 Relief rainfall is related to the height of land like

Northern Areas, because of large Forests.
 It occurs where moist unstable air moves up a
mountain edge and it is chilled, heavy condensation
takes place and rainfall occurs.
 Muree and Kakul received more rainfall throughout
the year.
Tropical cyclones:

 Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall for few hours

and can cause a lot of destruction.
 They originate in Arabian Sea quite often but rarely
reach the coast of Pakistan.
 Therefore, this source of rainfall is totally unreliable.
Climatic Zones
 Climatic divisions of Pakistan:
 Highland climate
 Lowland climate
 Coastal climate
 Arid climate