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Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1: Module 2: 
First Edition, 2020

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Management Team: Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
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 Senior High School
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance module – Differentiate

the Political Ideologies.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resources hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Differentiate the Political
Ideologies.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to

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 process what you learned from the
lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the identification of inquiry and stating the research problem. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This lesson contains the clarity of identification of specific political phenomenon.
Learning Competencies:
1. Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-6)

After this lesson you are expected to:

2. To differentiate the political ideologies

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 What I Know

Pre-Test
Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a

nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the
powerful, propertied, and privileged. What political ideology is this?

a. Anarchism c. Conservatism
b. Fascism d. Liberalism

2. As the state is inherently evil and oppressive, all states have the same
essential character. What political ideology is this?

a. Liberalism c. Conservatism
b. Fascism d. Anarchism

3. Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to

conceal elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression. What
political ideology is this?

a. Liberalism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism

4. Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system,
seeing it either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating
class tensions. What political ideology is this?

a. Liberalism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism

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5. This political ideology traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based
on popular participation and the desire to bring economic life under public
control, dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy. What is
this?
a. Liberalism c. Fascism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism

6. They treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues of a minimal or
nightwatchman state. Who are they?

a. Classical Liberals c. Classical Anarchists

b. Modern Socialists d. Modern Conservatists

7. They recognize the state’s positive role in widening freedom and promoting
equal opportunities. Who are they?
a. Modern Liberals c. Classical Anarchists
b. Classical Socialists d. Modern Conservatists

8. While democracy constrains abuses of ___________, it must always be

conducted within a constitutional framework in order to prevent majoritarian
tyranny.
a. power c. ideology
b. knowledge d. positions

9. This political ideology links the state to the need to provide authority and
discipline and to protect society from chaos and disorder, hence, their
traditional preference for a strong state. What is this?
a. Conservatism c. Classical Anarchism
b. Modern Socialism d. Fascism

10. This political ideology embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding
that a genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader
monopolizes ideological wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true
interests of the people.
a. Fascism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism

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 Module
Differentiate the Political
1 Ideologies

Truly that Philippine government is surrounded with many different political

ideologies. In this contemporary world where everything changes at its break-neck
speed, appalling political problems in their various degrees emerge. In this case,
understanding and differentiating political ideologies is a must, that is, solutions must
be provided in order to address the problems at hand. In politics, your mind has a
tendency to think about many different things ranging from low order thinking skills
such as asking what, who, where and when) to higher order thinking skills such as
asking how and why. These modes of thinking trigger you to choose your political
ideology.

What’s In

Activity 1: ACROSTIC
Directions: Let the students give characteristics of ideology based from the letters of
the word I-D-E- O-L-O-G-Y.
Example: Student’s Output
I- initiates improvements and projects I- _______________
D- evelops projects D- _______________
E- evolution of E-_______________
O- ffer solutions O-_______________
L- ead people L-_______________
O- rganize programs O-_______________
G- eared towards unity G-_______________
Y- outh working together Y-_______________

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Activity 2: Think about It!

Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your

understanding of the quotation below. Write your answer in your
notebook.

“Ideologies gives us the picture of the

existing reality, answering “what
is wrong, what went wrong
and why”
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
__________________________________________.

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Pick-Tell:
Directions: Jumbled pictures will be available at the teacher’s table and each
group will select a representative to pick one and give them time
to collaborate their ideas in relation to ideologies and political
ideologies.

1. AMACRNHIS Answer:_____________________

2. SCAISFM Answer:_____________________

3. OLCMISAIS Answer:_____________________

4. IBLEALRISM Answer:_____________________

5. OCNETRMSVAIS Answer:_____________________

Guide Questions:

1. How did you feel about the activity?

I feel that…
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Among the ideologies presented, what struck you the most?

Why?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

3. Based on your observation, what is the most practical

ideology?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

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 What Is It

Different Ideologies and their Perspectives of the State

Political Ideologies

1. Anarchism
Perspectives on the State
• Rejects the state outright, believing it to be an unnecessary evil.
• The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a
nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the powerful,
propertied, and privileged.
• As the state is inherently evil and oppressive, all states have the same
essential character.
• Endorses direct democracy and call for continuous popular participation and
radical decentralization.
• Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to
conceal elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression.

2. Socialism

• Has contrasting views of the state

• Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system,
seeing it either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating
class tensions.
• Other socialists, however, regard the state as an embodiment of the common
good and thus approve of interventionism in either its social- democratic or
state-collectivist form.
• Traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular
participation and the desire to bring economic life under public control,
dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy.

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 • Nevertheless, modern social democrats are now firmly committed to liberal-
democratic structures.

3. Liberalism

Sees the state as a neutral arbiter among competing interests and groups in
society, a vital guarantee of social order
• While classical liberals treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues
of a minimal or nightwatchman state,
-modern liberals recognize the state’s positive role in widening freedom and
promoting equal opportunities.
• Understands democracy in individual terms as consent expressed through the
ballot box, democracy being equated with regular and competitive elections.
• While democracy constrains abuses of power, it must always be conducted
within a constitutional framework in order to prevent majoritarian tyranny.

4. Conservatism

• Links the state to the need to provide authority and discipline and to protect
society from chaos and disorder, hence, their traditional preference for a strong
state.
• However, whereas traditional conservatives’ supports a pragmatic balance
between the state and civil society, neoliberals has called for the state to be
“rolled back” as it threatens economic prosperity and is driven, essentially by,
bureaucratic self-interest.

-Endorses liberal-democratic rule but with qualifications about the need to

protect property and traditional institutions from the untutored will of “the many.”
• The new right, however, has linked electoral democracy to the problems -f
over- government and economic stagnation.

5. Fascism

• Particularly in the Italian tradition, sees the state as a supreme ethical ideal,
reflecting the undifferentiated interests of the national community, hence their
belief in totalitarianism
• The Nazis, however, saw the state more as a vessel that contains, or tool
that serves, the race or nation.
• Embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a genuine
democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader monopolizes ideological
wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true interests of the people.
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 • Party and electoral competition are thus corrupt and degenerate.

Source: adapted from Heywood, A 2003, Political Ideologies, New York,

palgrave Macmillan, p 192 and p 46.

What’s More
Activity 3: I am my Ideology!
Directions: From the choices inside the box, identify on what political ideology they
belong.
Fascism Socialism Conservatism Liberalism Anarchism

Example: Liberalism 1. Moro Islamic Liberation Front

____________1. The Lakas CMD
____________2. Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA)
____________3. Opus Dei (Work of God)
____________4. Philosophical Association of the Philippines
____________5. Gabriela Partylist
____________6. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
____________7. The Nacionalista Party
____________8. The Nationalist People’s Coalition
____________9. The Philippine Democratic Socialist Party
____________10. PDP Laban

Guide Question:
Which political ideology best describes the nature of democracy in the Philippines,
and why?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

What I Have Learned

1. Today, I learned that…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. The topic that is NOT clear to me is/are…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. I want to explore further on…

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do

Activity: COMPARE AND CONTRAST!

Directions: Describe different political ideologies. Compare and generate list of
similarities. Contrast the objects and generate a list of differences.
Determine significant likenesses and differences of political ideologies.

Political Ideologies Similarities Differences

Anarchism

Fascism

Conservatism

Liberalism

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 Socialism

Assessment

How are you? I hope you enjoyed the lesson 1. Okay let’s see how much you have
learned.
Write your answer on your test notebook.

TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write T if the bold and italicized word is
correct and write F if the bold and italicized word is false.

1. Anarchism rejects the state outright, believing it to be an unnecessary evil.

2. The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is not seen as
a nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the
powerful, propertied, and privileged.
3. Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to
conceal elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression.

4. Socialism has no contrasting views of the state

5. Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system,
seeing it either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating
class tensions.
6. Fascism traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular
participation and the desire to bring economic life under public control,
dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy.
7. Liberalism sees the state as a neutral arbiter among competing interests and
groups in society, a vital guarantee of social order
8. Classical conservatists treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues
of a minimal or nightwatchman state.

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 9. Democracy in individual terms as consent expressed through the ballot box,
democracy being equated with regular and competitive elections
10. Conservatism does not link the state to the need to provide authority and
discipline and to protect society from chaos and disorder, hence, their
traditional preference for a strong state

Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax for a while then wait for the next
module. Good luck!

Additional Activities

Activity 5: Interview
Directions: Interview a politician in your community regarding their advocacy
and belief. Based on his/her advocacy and belief identify the kind of
ideology that he/she believes in. Kindly observe social distancing and
wearing of face mask.

___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.

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 13
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. A 1. True
2. A 2. False
3. B 1. Socialism 3. True
4. B 2. Socialism 4. False
5. B 3. Conservatism 5. True
6. A 4. Liberalism 6. False
7. A 5. Socialism 7. True
8. A 6. Socialism 8. False
9. A 7. Liberalism 9. True
10.A 8. Liberalism 10.False
9. Socialism
10. Liberalism
Answer Key
References
Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, p 192 and
p. 46.

Politics without Borders” by Mendoza and Melegrito, pages 24- 36

Philippines Politics and Governance by: Rhene Tabajen and Erlinda Pulma, pp: 3

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO Palawan

Curriculum Implementation Division Office

2nd Floor Deped Palawan Building
Telephone no. (048) 433-3292

Learning Resources Management Section

LRMS Building, PEO Compound
Telephone np. (048) 434-0099

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