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BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

10) Which of the following constitutes a nucleotide?


1) True/False: Water can covalently bond with up to 4 other water molecules
a) 3 Phosphate groups, 2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose, Adenine.
a) True
b) 1 Phosphate group, α-D-ribose, Uracil
b) False
c) 1 Phosphate groups, 2-Deoxy-α-D-ribose, Guanine
2) An “amphipathic” molecule is one that …
d) 3 Phosphate groups, α-D-ribose, Thymidine
a) Does not dissolve in water
11) What is the method by which DNA strands bind with each other?
b) Has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
a) Covalent Bonding.
c) Requires a large amount of energy to start a reaction
b) Ionic Interaction.
d) Can accept protons
c) Van der Wal’s Interactions.
3) Which of the following is a property of water?
d) Hydrogen Bonding.
a) Low level of cohesion
12) Consider the following and pick the correct option.
b) Less dense than ice
Hint: Oleic acid [C18H34O2], Palmitic acid [C16H32O2]
c) Non-polar
Phospholipid bilayer A: Fatty acid tail composition of 1/3 oleic acid and 2/3 palmitic acid
d) High specific heat capacity
Phospholipid bilayer B: Fatty acid tail composition of 2/3 oleic acid and 1/3 palmitic acid
4) How many residues do α-helices have per turn?
Phospholipid bilayer C: Fatty acid tail composition of 3/4 oleic acid and 1/4 palmitic acid
a) 2.5
Phospholipid bilayer D: Fatty acid tail composition of 1/4 oleic acid and 3/4 palmitic acid
b) 3
The order of the bilayers from highest to lowest fluidity is:
c) 17
a) D>A>B>C
d) 3.6
b) C>B>A>D
5) Which of the following are monomers? (There may be more than one correct answer)
c) A>B>C>D
a) Alanine
d) B>C>A>D
b) Fructose
13) Which of the following defines the lower limit of a cell?
c) Sucrose
a) Small enough to provide an adequate surface area for diffusion
d) Starch
b) Small enough to ensure a small SA : V ratio
6) This reaction to the right is a _______ forming/breaking a ______ bond
c) Large enough to contain vital cellular components
a) Endothermic/exothermic, glycosidic
d) Large enough to provide an adequate surface area for diffusion
b) Condensation/dehydration, peptide
14) Which of the following is not an essential requirement of a cell?
c) Condensation/dehydration, glycosidic
a) Genetic material
d) Endothermic/exothermic, peptide
b) Ribosomes
7) What bonds do water molecules make with one another?
c) Specialised organelles
a) Close bonds
d) Enclosing semi-permeable membrane
b) Covalent bonds
15) The endomembrane system includes:
c) Hydrogen bonds
a) Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria
d) Ionic bonds
b) Lysosomes, plasma membrane, vesicles
8) Which option about water is not true?
c) Vacuoles, peroxisomes, lysosomes
a) Large bodies of water act as energy sinks and can help moderate climate
d) Mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes
b) Water has a relatively high specific heat capacity
16) Which of the following statements regarding the cytoskeleton is correct?
c) Water is a principal solvent, meaning that hydrophobic molecules dissolve easily in
a) Microfilaments are an important component of cilia and flagella that enable movement
water
b) The polymer of microfilaments is actin
d) Water has a latent heat of roughly 2200kJ/kg
c) Microtubule motor proteins move vesicles from the Golgi to the ER by hydrolysing ATP
9) What happens when an enzyme is put in a pH level that is higher than its optimal level?
d) Intermediate filaments are not involved in the process of mitosis
a) It works more efficiently
17) Which of the following is correct regarding transport?
b) It most definitely denatures
a) Facilitated diffusion requires ATP
c) It works less efficiently
b) Symports transport molecules in one direction
d) It works the same
c) The Na/K ATPase actively transports sodium into the cell

Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu
BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

d) Osmosis is the movement of water from high to low solute concentration c) Fusion of limbs as they are growing out
18) Identify the correct statement about plasma membranes d) Failure for a limb to grow
a) Phospholipid ‘flip-flop’ occurs more often than lateral movement 27) Which of the following is not a basic stage of development?
b) Extrinsic proteins are embedded in the membrane a) Gastrulation
c) During osmosis, water diffuses straight through the phospholipid bilayer b) Limb Growth
d) Electrogenic pumps generate voltage and concentration gradients c) Morphogenesis
19) What is ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)? d) Cleavage
a) Injecting sperm with serum to increase motility 28) What results when transplantation of leg bud mesoderm is transferred to the wing bud in Chick
b) Form of IVF to treat female infertility embryos?
c) Injecting multiple sperm into a mature egg a) The wing will become chimeric for wing base but leg tip
d) Injecting a single sperm into a mature egg b) The limb will fail to grow and the animal will lack a wing here
20) During which phase of meiosis are sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles? c) A leg will form where the wing should be
a) Telophase I d) The wing will mirror duplicate itself
b) Anaphase II 29) Which of the following does not influence the effect of a teratogen?
c) Metaphase I a) Developmental stage at time of exposure
d) Prophase II b) Genotype of the mother and the foetus
21) When is meiosis arrested in oogenesis? c) Dose and duration
a) At prophase 1 and metaphase 2 d) Time of the day
b) Only at anaphase 1 30) Which of the following is correct about Down Syndrome?
c) At metaphase 1 and anaphase 2 a) It is due to monosomy 21
d) Only at metaphase 1 b) It is due to non-disjunction during mitosis
22) Which of the following is not derived from the mesoderm? c) It leads to the over-expression chromosome 21
a) Muscle d) It does not affect the phenotype
b) Heart vessels 31) Which option correctly matches the teratogen with its effect?
c) Kidneys a) Xenoestrogens → 'DES daughters'
d) Skin b) Thalidomide → Amelia
23) Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell population? c) Alcohol → impaired testis function
a) Embryonic stem cells d) Diethylstilbestrol → FAS
b) Endodermal cells 32) During which stage does somitogenesis occur?
c) Spermatogonia a) Gastrulation
d) All of the above b) Pattern formation
24) The image depicts a photograph of a human embryo at blastocyst stage just prior c) Morphogenesis
to implantation. The cellular structure indicated by the arrow is? d) Cell differentiation
a) The polar body 33) Which of the following is true about homeobox genes?
b) The trophectoderm a) They exist only in Drosophila melanogaster.
c) The blastocoel b) They lay the pattern for dorsal-ventral segments.
25) What is the name given to the group of transcription factors giving positional information to an c) The genes are expressed in overlapping areas.
organism during its development? d) A single cluster of homeobox genes is found in mammals.
a) Hox genes 34) Which of the following is false regarding the basal lamina
b) Homeobox genes a) It contains collagen and laminin
c) Homeodomains b) Healthy epithelial cells are continuously crossing it
d) Somites c) It is used for cell orientation and cell adhesion
26) What results from a mutation to a Hox gene? d) Also called basement membrane
a) Homeotic transformation 35) The following image would be classified as …
b) Mirror duplication of a limb a) Simple columnar epithelium

Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu
BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

b) Stratified columnar epithelium b) Carry messages from the brain to the pituitary gland
c) Transitional epithelium c) Carry messages from the skin to the brain
d) Pseudostratified epithelium d) Carry messages from the brain to the leg
36) The dermis is considered … 45) Myelin is generated in the CNS by which cell type(s)?
a) Simple squamous epithelium a) Microglial cell
b) Loose connective tissue b) Astrocyte
c) Dense irregular connective tissue c) Schwann cell
d) Smooth muscle d) Oligodendrocyte
37) Which of the following can be described as having a glass bead like appearance? 46) Which of the following correctly correlates process with change in energy state?
a) Chondrocytes a) Catabolism = decrease in Gibb’s Free Energy
b) Hyaline cartilage b) Anabolism = decrease in Gibb’s Free Energy
c) Both a and b c) Catabolism = unchanged Gibb’s Free Energy
d) Neither a nor b d) Anabolism = increased Gibb’s Free Energy
38) Collagen: 47) Why are oxidation and reduction reactions often paired in biological systems?
a) Is produced by fibroblasts a) Every anabolic reaction must be paired with a catabolic reaction to abide by the
b) Is strong and inelastic preservation of mass
c) Is found in the skin and bone b) Oxidation and reduction reactions are not often paired in biological systems
d) All of the above c) It allows the transfer of energy by chemical means as to prevent the loss of energy in a
39) Which specialisation is NOT found at the lateral surface of epithelial cells? biological system
a) Tight junctions d) Because the hydrogens added in oxidation are taken from the hydrogens released in
b) Zonula adherens reduction
c) Hemidesmosomes 48) What are the products of Glycolysis?
d) Gap functions a) 2 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
40) The epimysium surrounds … b) 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH
a) Individual muscle fibres c) 1 Pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADPH
b) Bundles of muscle fibres (fascicles) d) 2 Ethanol, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
c) Entire muscle 49) By which process is ATP generated in the Kreb’s Cycle?
d) The ER a) Oxidation
41) Which of the following is true of smooth muscle? b) Reduction
a) Contains multiple peripheral nuclei c) Substrate Level Phosphorylation
b) Contains striations d) Catabolism
c) Cells are branched 50) Which of the following is correct?
d) Cells have a fusiform shape a) Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules and an example is gluconeogenesis.
42) Identify the option that is not a characteristic of epithelium b) Catabolism is the breakdown of foods and an example is photosynthesis.
a) Vascular c) Catabolism works towards storing energy in the form of complex molecules.
b) Polarised/oriented d) Anabolism works towards releasing energy from molecules
c) Little space between cells 51) Which of the following is incorrect?
d) Strong attachments between cells a) Exothermic reactions are associated with catabolism.
43) Myelin sheaths: b) Endothermic reactions are associated with anabolism.
a) Increase nerve transmission c) Negative ΔG values are associated with exergonic reactions.
b) Stop nerve impulses d) Glycolysis would be expected to have a positive ΔG value.
c) Are found on dendrites 52) Choose the correct statement.
d) Are made entirely of protein a) ADP is the major intracellular currency for energy exchange.
44) An afferent neuron can: b) Hydrolysis of ATP is an endergonic reaction.
a) Carry messages from the brain to the arm c) Oxidation involves the removal of electrons and hydrogen.

Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu
BMS1021 – PASS Mid Semester Revision Session

d) Reduction involves the addition of oxygen.


53) Choose the incorrect statement about glycolysis.
a) The first 5 reactions are priming reactions.
b) The end-product is 1 pyruvate molecule.
c) It takes place in the cytoplasm.
d) The net energy output is 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.
54) Which of the statements about the fates of pyruvate in humans is true?
a) In the absence of oxygen, it enters the Krebs cycle.
b) In anaerobic conditions, it can undergo alcohol fermentation.
c) For each pyruvate, only 1 ATP and 1 NADH is produced.
d) The citric acid cycle cannot function without NAD+.
55) Which of the statements about the electron transport chain is false?
a) It involves the oxidation of NAD+ and FADH.
b) The build-up of hydrogen ions in the cristae create a proton gradient.
c) The proton motive force drives chemiosmosis.
d) The ATP synthase complex phosphorylates ADP to ATP
56) Which of the options about the reaction type and activation
energy (EA) matches the diagram above?
a) Exothermic reaction; E = EA
b) Endothermic reaction; B = EA
c) Exothermic reaction; B = EA
d) Endothermic reaction; E = EA
57) The main mechanism by which biological systems prevent
equilibrium being reached in reactions is by:
a) The products of one reaction become the substrate for the next reaction in sequential
process.
b) Enzymes only act in one direction and therefore prevent the product reverting back into
the substrate.
c) All reactions have a high + enthalpy requirement, thus preventing them from occurring.
d) The cells remove the byproducts by simple diffusion immediately to prevent the
reaction from reverting.
58) The main mechanism by which enzymes allow reactions to proceed more easily is:
a) To prevent products from meeting.
b) To decrease the activation energy of the reaction by heating up the system.
c) To decrease the activation energy of the reaction by lowering the energy required to
reach the active state.
d) By changing their structure away from the active site to induce bond breaking.
59) Which of the following is correct in regards to enzyme regulation:
a) Increasing the pH maintains enzyme activity, but decreasing the pH reduces enzyme
activity.
b) Binding of a competitive inhibitor to the allosteric regulatory site will reduce enzyme
activity.
c) Increasing the temperature of the system will reduce the enzyme activity.
d) Increase in the concentration of the enzyme by gene upregulation will result in a slower
metabolic rate.

Amelia.Dentesano@monash.edu

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