listing 1

// Magic Number program.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int magic; // magic number
int guess; // user's guess

magic = rand(); // get a random number

cout << "Enter your guess: ";

cin >> guess;

if(guess == magic) cout << "** Right **";

return 0;
}

listing 2
// Magic Number program: 1st improvement.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int magic; // magic number
int guess; // user's guess

magic = rand(); // get a random number

cout << "Enter your guess: ";

cin >> guess;

if(guess == magic) cout << "** Right **";

else cout << "...Sorry, you're wrong.";

return 0;
}

listing 3
// Divide the first number by the second.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int a, b;

cout << "Enter two numbers: ";

cin >> a >> b;

if(b) cout << a/b << '\n';

else cout << "Cannot divide by zero.\n";
 return 0;
}

listing 4
if(b == 0) cout << a/b << '\n';

listing 5
if(i) {
if(j) statement1;
if(k) statement2; // this if
else statement3; // is associated with this else
}
else statement4; // associated with if(i)

listing 6
// Magic Number program: 2nd improvement.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int magic; // magic number
int guess; // user's guess

magic = rand(); // get a random number

cout << "Enter your guess: ";

cin >> guess;

if (guess == magic) {
cout << "** Right **\n";
cout << magic << " is the magic number.\n";
}
else {
cout << "...Sorry, you're wrong.";
if(guess > magic) cout <<" Your guess is too high.\n";
else cout << " Your guess is too low.\n";
}

return 0;
}

listing 7
// Demonstrate an if-else-if ladder.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x;

for(x=0; x<6; x++) {

if(x==1) cout << "x is one\n";
else if(x==2) cout << "x is two\n";
else if(x==3) cout << "x is three\n";
else if(x==4) cout << "x is four\n";
 else cout << "x is not between 1 and 4\n";
}

return 0;
}

listing 8
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int num;
double sq_root;

for(num=1; num < 100; num++) {

sq_root = sqrt((double) num);
cout << num << " " << sq_root << '\n';
}

return 0;
}

listing 9
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int i;

for(i=100; i >= -100; i = i-5) cout << i << ' ';

return 0;
}

listing 10
for(count=10; count < 5; count++)
cout << count; // this statement will not execute

listing 11
for(x=0, y=10; x<=10; ++x, --y)
cout << x << ' ' << y << '\n';

listing 12
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int i;

// print numbers until a key is pressed

for(i=0; !kbhit(); i++) cout << i << ' ';

return 0;
}
listing 13
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x;

for(x=0; x != 123; ) {
cout << "Enter a number: ";
cin >> x;
}

return 0;
}

listing 14
cout << "Enter tab position: ";
cin >> x;

for( ; x < tablimit; x++) cout << ' ';

listing 15
for(;;)
{
//...
}

listing 16
for(x=0; x<1000; x++) ;

listing 17
// Demonstrate the switch using a simple "help" program.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int choice;

cout << "Help on:\n\n";

cout << "1. for\n";
cout << "2. if\n";
cout << "3. switch\n\n";

cout << "Enter choice (1-3): ";

cin >> choice;
cout << "\n";

switch(choice) {
case 1:
cout << "for is C++'s most versatile loop.\n";
break;
case 2:
cout << "if is C++'s conditional branch statement.\n";
break;
case 3:
cout << "switch is C++'s multi-way branch statement.\n";
 break;
default:
cout << "You must enter a number between 1 and 3.\n";
}

return 0;
}

listing 18
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int i;

for(i=0; i<5; i++) {

switch(i) {
case 0: cout << "less than 1\n";
case 1: cout << "less than 2\n";
case 2: cout << "less than 3\n";
case 3: cout << "less than 4\n";
case 4: cout << "less than 5\n";
}
cout << '\n';
}

return 0;
}

listing 19
switch(i) {
case 1:
case 2:
case 3: do_something();
break;
case 4: do_something_else();
break;

listing 20
switch(ch1) {
case 'A': cout << "This A is part of outer switch";
switch(ch2) {
case 'A':
cout << "This A is part of inner switch";
break;
case 'B': // ...
}
break;
case 'B': // ...

listing 21
/* This program displays all printable characters,
including the extended character set, if one exists.
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
unsigned char ch;

ch = 32;
while(ch) {
cout << ch;
ch++;
}

return 0;
}

listing 22
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int len;

cout << "Enter length (1 to 79): ";

cin >> len;

while(len>0 && len<80) {

cout << '.';
len--;
}

return 0;
}

listing 23
while(rand() != 100) ;

listing 24
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int num;

do {
cout << "Enter a number (100 to stop): ";
cin >> num;
} while(num != 100);

return 0;
}

listing 25
// Magic Number program: 3rd improvement.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int magic; // magic number
int guess; // user's guess

magic = rand(); // get a random number

do {
cout << "Enter your guess: ";
cin >> guess;
if(guess == magic) {
cout << "** Right ** ";
cout << magic << " is the magic number.\n";
}
else {
cout << "...Sorry, you're wrong.";
if(guess > magic)
cout << " Your guess is too high.\n";
else cout << " Your guess is too low.\n";
}
} while(guess != magic);

return 0;
}

listing 26
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int x;

for(x=0; x<=100; x++) {

if(x%2) continue;
cout << x << ' ';
}

return 0;
}

listing 27
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int t;

// Loops from 0 to 9, not to 100!

for(t=0; t<100; t++) {
if(t==10) break;
cout << t << ' ';
}

return 0;
}

listing 28
for(i=0; i<1000; i++) {
 // do something
if(kbhit()) break;
}

listing 29
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int t, count;

for(t=0; t<100; t++) {

count = 1;
for(;;) {
cout << count << ' ';
count++;
if(count==10) break;
}
cout << '\n';
}

return 0;
}

listing 30
/* This program finds the prime numbers from
2 to 1000.
*/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int i, j;

for(i=2; i<1000; i++) {

for(j=2; j <= (i/j); j++)
if(!(i%j)) break; // if factor found, not prime
if(j > (i/j)) cout << i << " is prime\n";
}

return 0;
}

listing 31
x = 1;
loop1:
x++;
if(x < 100) goto loop1;

listing 32
for(...) {
for(...) {
while(...) {
if(...) goto stop;
.
.
 .
}
}
}
stop:
cout << "Error in program.\n";

listing 33
// Magic Number program: Final improvement.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

void play(int m);

int main()
{
int option;
int magic;

magic = rand();

do {
cout << "1. Get a new magic number\n";
cout << "2. Play\n";
cout << "3. Quit\n";
do {
cout << "Enter your choice: ";
cin >> option;
} while(option<1 || option>3);

switch(option) {
case 1:
magic = rand();
break;
case 2:
play(magic);
break;
case 3:
cout << "Goodbye\n";
break;
}
} while(option!=3);

return 0;
}

// Play the game.

void play(int m)
{
int t, x;

for(t=0; t<100; t++) {

cout << "Guess the number: ";
cin >> x;
if(x==m) {
cout << "** Right **\n";
return;
 }
else
if(x<m) cout << "Too low.\n";
else cout << "Too high.\n";
}
cout << "You've used up all your guesses. Try again.\n";
}