UNIT VI RESPIRTION

MAGFIRAH RAMADHANI RUSDI / 1714440008

Icp of Biology Education / VI
Department of Biology, FMIPA, State University of Makassar
Abstract
Cellular respiration occurs in two main parts: glycolysis and aerobic respiration. The first stage,
glycolysis, is an anaerobic process. Anaerobic metabolic processes do not require oxygen. Aerobic
respiration includes the krebs cycle and electron transport and is an aerobic process. Aerobic metabolic
processes require oxygen. Cellular respiration is the catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are
broken down to release energy for use by the cell. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down
organic molecules, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and water.
Keywords : Respiration, oxygen, aerobic, anaerobic.

1. INTRODUCTION carbohydrates. Morerespiratory refers to

A. Background
All living thing need an oxygen to
breathe. Energy will produced by this
process. In addition to animals, plants
also absorb O2 for breathing, is
generally absorbed through the leaves
(stomata). Breathing is the process of
inserting and issuing of water into and
out of the body. Entered the water
containing oxygen, while the released
water containing carbon dioxide and
water vapor. Oxygen into the body uses
to make the process of respiration which
is the process of solving the nutriens to
produce energy. The energy use of living
things to doall the activities oflife
In order for this process goes on,
must always available oxygen,
becauseoxygen is always stored only in
the blood or tissues in small quantities,
whilecarbon dioxide in the flue must be.
For the survival of every cell of the
bodyand the individual self in need of
continuous gas exchange with
theenvironment. In the everyday sense,
breathable simply defined as the
processof gas exchange in the hungs.
But biologically, sense respiration is not
so. Morerespiratory refers to the process
of demolition or burning substance
sources ofenergy in the cells of the body
to obtain energy or power. Nutrients
mostimportant source of energy is
the process of demolition or burning
substance sources ofenergy in the cells
of the body to obtain energy or power
Respiration process generally
consist of two, namely aand
anaerobic.Aerobic respiration is the
process of respiration requires oxygen,
whileanaerobic respiration does not
require oxygen in respiration process. It
isinfluenced by several factors, in terms
of temperature, age, activity and
bodyweight.
This practicum is about the need of
oxygen some organisms that are
represented by a different kind of
organism body weight, and the weight
oforganisms of different species of the
same or almost the same body, as well
asthe oxygen needs of the animals
represented by small cockroaches, big
ofcockroaches, big of grasshopper and
small grasshopper and also the sproats.
B. Purpose of Parcticum
The purpose of this experiment are
l. The colleign can evidence that
organism need oxygen for
respiration.
2. The colleign can compare
oxygen requirements some
organism accordtype, size and
forms body.
C. Benefit of Practicum

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 The practicioner can know
respiratory processand oxygen
requirements someorganisms with
different size, type, forms body for do
respiratory. With thispracticum, can be
make as information source for the
research of furthermore.
2. THEORETICAL BASIS
Organic compounds posses
potentialenerry as aresult of their
arrangementatoms. Compounds that can
participate in exergonic reactions can act
as fuels.with the help of enzymes, a cell
systematically degrades complex
organicmolecules that are rich in
potential energy to simpler waste
products that have lessenergy. Some of
the energy taken out of chemical storage
used to do workcan bethe rest is
dissipated as heat. One catabolic
process, fermentation.is a partial
degradation of sugars that occurs
without the use of oxygen. However, the
most prevalent and efficient catabolic
pathway is aerobic respiration, in which
oxygenconsumed as a reactant along
with the organic fuel (aerobic is from the
Greekair, and bioslife). The cells of most
eukaryotic and many prokaryotic
organisms cancarry out aerobic
respiration (Apte & Sarangarajan, 2009)
Some prokaryotes use substances
other than oxygen as reactants in a
similar process that harvests chemical
energy without using any oxygen at all;
this process is called anaerobic
respiration (the prefix an means
without). Technically, the term cellular
respiration includes both the aerobic and
the anaerobic processes. However, it
originated as a synonym for the aerobic
respiration because of the relationship of
that process to organism all respiration,
in which an animal breathes in the
oxygen (Campbell et al, 2002).
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Cellular respiration is the catabolic
pathway in which organic molecules are
broken down to release energy for use
by the cell. In cellular respiration,
oxygen is used to break down organic
molecules, resulting in the production of
carbon dioxide and water (Haruki et al,
2001).
Organisms transform the energy
they acquire from their surroundings. In
eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and
chloroplasts are the organelles that
convert energy to forms that cells can
use for work. Mitochondria and
chloroplasts are the organelles that
convertenergy to forms that cells can use
for work. Mitochondria (singular,
mitochondrion) are the sites of cellular
respiration, the metabolic process that
uses oxygen togenerate ATP by
extracting energy from sugars, fats, and
other fuels. Chloroplasts found in plants
and algae, are the sites of
photosynthesis. These organelles
convertsolar energy to chemical energy
by absorbing sunlight and using it to
drive thethesis of organic compounds
such as sugars from carbon dioxide and
water, inddition to having related
functions, mitochondria and chloroplasts
share a similarevolutionary origin, some
their structure (Campbell et al, 2002).
The function of cellular respiration
is to harvest electrons carbonunds, such
as glucose, and from vide energy for use
that energy to make ATP. ATP is used to
respiration cells to do work. The overall
chemical equation for cellular opposite
of is shown below. Notice the equation
for cellular respiration is the equation for
photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (Lecturer Team
of UNM, 2017)
Cellular respiration occurs in two
main parts: glycolysis and aerobic
respiration. The first stage, glycolysis, is
an anaerobic process. Anaerobic
metabolic processes do not require
oxygen. Aerobic respiration includes the
Krebs cycle and electron transport and is
an aerobic process. Aerobic metabolic
processes require oxygen (Suharsono et
al, 2018).
Plants also absorb O2 for breathing,
are generally absorbed through
leaves(stomata). In aerobic conditions,
plants do aerobic respiration. When the
anaerobicconditions or lack of oxygen,
anaerobic respiration networks do.
Example at theroot of the stagnant water.
In aerobic respiration, the combustion
(oxidation) ofsubstances sugar (glucose)
properly, resulting in a much larger
energy (36 ATP) ofanaerobic
respiration(2 ATP only). Similarly,
respiration occurs in jazad trace
(microorganisms). Most microorganism
perform aerobic respiration (with
acid)anaerobic (without oxygen) or both
(facultative aerobic). Plant also absorbs
o2 fobreathing, are generally absorbed
through leaves (stomata). Similarly,
respiration occurs in jazad
trace(microorganisms) (Haruki et al,
2001)
Most microorganism perform
aerobic respiration (with acid)anaerobic
(without oxygen) or both (facultative
aerobic) In aerobic conditionsplants do
aerobic respiration. When the anaerobic
conditions or lack of oxygen,anaerobic
respiration networks do. Example at the
root of the stagnant water. Inaerobic
respiration, the combustion (oxidation)
of substances sugar (glucose)properly,
resulting in a much larger energy (36
ATP) of anaerobic respiration (2ATP
only). Similarly, respiration occurs in
organism trace (microorganisms).
Mostmicroorganism perform aerobic
respiration (with acid), anaerobic
(without oxygen)or both (facultative
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aerobic). In everyday life, breathing is
simply interpreted as a gas exchange
process in the lungs. but biologically, the
notion of respiration is not the case.
breathing more refers to the process of
dismantling or burning of energy source
substances in the body's cells to obtain
energy or power. Burning requires
oxygen, occurs in living cells. energy
obtained in the form of chemical energy
(ATP) used for various physiological
activities in the body. in addition,
combustion also produces waste
substances in the form of charcoal (CO2)
and water gas. In anaerobic organisms,
such disassembly is called anaerobic
respiration (Campbell et al, 2002).
3. PRACTICUM METHOD
A. Tools and Materials
1. Tools
a. Simple respirometer
b. Small pipette
c. Stopwatch
2. Materials
a. Cotton
b. Vaseline
c. KoH crystal
d. Eosin solution
e. Sprouts
f. Cockroach (Large andsmall
size)
g. Grasshopper (Large and small
size)
B. Method
First Experiment
l. Took the large cockroach.
2. Put the grasshopper into the simple
respirometer.
3. Covered the KOH crystal by thin
cotton, then put it into
respirometer together with the
cockroach.
4. Closed the respirometer by using
the stopper that connect to the pipe
scale glass, then placed it to the
holder.
 5. Recovered vaseline in the cockroach that the same size with
connective respirometer with the grasshopper.
stopper to avoid the leakage. Fourth Experiment
6. Dropped the eosin solution in end 1. Cleaned the simple respirometer
of the pipe seale glass until the that has been used.
pipeline, the itinto 2. With same procedure with the first
7. Observel the displacement of eosin experiment, then did the fourth
along the pipeline of the scales, experiment by using large
glass, then recorded the distanee grasshopper that the same size
from the scale 0,00 in every with cockroach.
minute Fifth Experiment
8. Did observation for 5 minutes. 1. Cleaned the simple respirometer
Second Experiment that has been used.
1. Cleaned the simple respirometer 2. With same procedure with the first
that has been used experiment, then did the
2. With same procedure with the first fifthexperiment by using small
experiment, then did the second grasshopper.
experiment by using small Sixth Experiment
cockroach l. Cleaned the simple respirometer
Third Experiment that has been used.
1. Cleaned the simple respirometer 2. With same procedure with the
that has been used. second experiment, then did the
2. With same procedure with the first sixth experiment by using 10
experiment, then did the pieces and 15 pieces of sprout.
thirdexperiment by using
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Result
1. Organisms of One Species Differ in Size (Big Grasshopper and Small
Grasshopper)
Scale of eosin

n- minute Big grasshopper Small grasshopper

1 minute 0 0,01

2 minute 0,03 0,04

3 minute 0,09 0,07

4 minute 0,11 0.13

5 minute 0,12 0,16

2. Organisms of One Size Different Species (Small Grasshopper and Small

Cockroach )

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 Scale of eosin
n- minute
Small Cockroach Small Grasshopper

1 minute 0,02 0,01

2 minute 0,08 0,05

3 minute 0,12 0,12

4 minute 0,13 0,13

5 minute 0,15 0,16

B. Data Analysis
1. Oganisms of One Species Differ in Size (Big Grasshopper and Small
Grasshopper)
a. Big Grasshopper
V1 = Skala/Menit
= 0/1 Menit
= 0 Skala/Menit
V2 = Skala/Menit
= 0,03/2 Menit
= 0,015 Skala/Menit
V3 = Skala/Menit
= 0,09/3 Menit
= 0,03 Skala/Menit
V4 = Skala/Menit
= 0,11/4 Menit
= 0,0275 Skala/Menit
V5 = Skala/Menit
= 0,12/5 Menit
= 0,024 Skala/Menit
b. Small grasshopper
V1 = Skala/Menit
= 0,01/1 Menit
= 0,01 Skala/Menit
V2 = Skala/Menit
= 0,04/2 Menit
= 0,02 Skala/Menit
V3 = Skala/Menit
= 0,07/3 Menit
= 0,023 Skala/Menit
V4 = Skala/Menit
= 0,13/4 Menit
= 0,0325 Skala/Menit
V5 = Skala/Menit
= 0,16/5 Menit

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 = 0,032 Skala/Menit
2 Organisms of One Size Different Species (Small Grasshopper and Small
Cockroach )
a. Small Cockroach
V1 = Skala/Menit
= 0,02/1 Menit
= 0,02 Skala/Menit
V2 = Skala/Menit
= 0,08/2 Menit
= 0,04 Skala/Menit
V3 = Skala/Menit
= 0,12/3 Menit
= 0,04 Skala/Menit
V4 = Skala/Menit
= 0,13/4 Menit
= 0,0325 Skala/Menit
V5 = Skala/Menit
= 0,15/5 Menit
= 0,03 Skala/Menit
b. Small Grasshopper
V1 = Skala/Menit
= 0,01/1 Menit
= 0,01 Skala/Menit
V2 = Skala/Menit
= 0,05/2 Menit
= 0,025 Skala/Menit
V3 = Skala/Menit
= 0,12/3 Menit
= 0,04 Skala/Menit
V4 = Skala/Menit
= 0,13/4 Menit
= 0,0325 Skala/Menit
V5 = Skala/Menit
= 0,16/5 Menit
= 0,032 Skala/Menit
C. Graph
1. Respiration comparison graph between big grasshopper and small grasshopper.

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 0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1
Big Grashopper
0.08 Small grasshopper

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
1 minute 2 minute 3 minute 4 minute 5 minute

2. Respiration comparison graph between small cockroach and small grasshopper

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.1
Small Cockroach
0.08 Small Grasshopper

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
1 minute 2 minute 3 minute 4 minute 5 minute

D. Discussion small grasshopper and 0,12 of big

1. Respiration comparison between
big grasshopper and small
grasshopper.
Based on the experiment, was
different scale that showed it means
there was a there different respiration
speed between big grasshopper and
small grasshopper. Respiration of
cockroach takes a long time above 5
minutes to reach scale 0.16 of eosin of
rasshopper only, while a big
grasshopper takes affected the to reach
the scale of eosin. It means the size of
body faster rate of respiration.
Therefore, big grasshopper respiration
rate than the small grasshopper.
2. Respiration comparison between
cockroach and grasshopper with the
same size

7
 Based on the experiment, there was results will be achieved if there
different scale that showed it means that is communication and
there was a different a respiration speed cooperation among fellow
between grasshopper and cockroach group members.
even though they have a same size. 2. Assistant
Respiration of grasshopper takes only 5 So that the assistant is more
minutes to reach the scale 0,16 of eosin, guiding the practitioner so that
while cockroach takes 5 minute to reach there are no errors in the use of
scale 0,15 of eosin. It means the process laboratory equipment
of respiration on grasshopper faster 3. Laboratory
than cockroach. Therefore, even though So that laboratory assistants
they have a same size the respiration is have more adequate laboratory
different because the capacity of the equipment so that the
trachea is different also. The capacity of implementation of practicum
trachea by grasshopper is greater than can be more accurate.
the capacity of the trachea by Bibliography
cockroach. Apte, N.P., & Sarangarajan, R. 2009.
5. CLOSING Celluler Respiration and
A. Conclusion Carcinogenesis. New York:
Based on this experiment, we can Springer
conclude that : Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B., & Mitchell,
1. The organism need oxygen theirs L.G. 2002. Biologi. Jakarta:
respiration. The oxygen needs of Erlangga.
each organism is different, it Haruki, Y., Homma, I., Umezawa, A., &
depends on the kinds and thei Masaoka, Y., 2001. Respiration
body weight, and how many and Emotion. New York: Springer
organism that we observed. Suharsono., Badriah, L., & Ramdani, D.
2. More activities of respiration big 2018. Perbedaan Jumlah
and much activities oforganism Konsumsi Oksigen (O2) pada
will makes the rate of organism Respirasi berbagai Hewan
also getting better. It means the Invertebrata Kelas Insecta. Jurnal
big organism and much Kesehatan Bakti Tunas Husada.
activities of organism and need Volume (18). No. 2
more oxygen than the small Tim Dosen UNM. 2017. Penuntun
organism and little activities for Praktikum Biologi Dasar.
theirs life. Makassar: UNM
B. Suggestion
1. Practicant
So that the practitioner is
more careful In treating the
microscope because there are
fragile components that require
high caution, and it is hoped
that cooperation between
fellow group members is good,
because good observation