Fight Back

Feedback on Fight Back!
For Fight Back! references, news, follow-ups, and to offer your own
links, feedback, and suggestions for further reading on the protests,
please visit the Fight Back! page, at http://opendemocracy.net/
ourkingdom/ourkingdom/fight-back.
http://www.bit.ly/fightbackUK
A Reader on the Winter of Protest
Editor: Dan Hancox
Editorial Kettle: Guy Aitchison, Siraj Datoo, Cailean Gallagher, Laurie
Penny, Aaron Peters and Paul Sagar
Published by openDemocracy via OurKingdom.
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6
Contents
Contents
NOTE FROM THE EDITOR ............................................................. 10
FOREWORD .................................................................................. 12
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Anthony Barnett, openDemocracy
OVERVIEWS ................................................................................. 30
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Laurie Penny and Rowenna Davies, openDemocracy
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Cailean Gallagher, Oxford Left Review
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D;JMEHAI>;BF8K?B:H;I?IJ7D9;

Guy Aitchison and Aaron Peters
THE DEMONSTRATIONS ................................................................ 62
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Laurie Penny, New Statesman
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Guy Aitchison, openDemocracy
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Sophie Burge, TheSite.org
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Paul Sagar, Bad Conscience
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Siraj Datoo, The Student Journals
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Jonathan Moses, openDemocracy
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Oliver Huitson, openDemocracy
THE OCCUPATIONS .......................................................................96
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Oliver Wainwright, Building Design
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Joanna Biggs, London Review of Books
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Genevieve Dawson
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Asher Goldman, Libcom.org
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Owen Hatherley, openDemocracy
THE FLASH MOBS....................................................................... 124
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7
Contents
Johann Hari, The Independent

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Alan Finlayson ,openDemocracy
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UK Uncut, Big Society Revenue & Customs
THE UNIVERSITIES ......................................................................138
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Aaron Peters, openDemocracy
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Alan Finlayson and Tony Curzon Price, openDemocracy
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Peter Johnson, openDemocracy
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Rosemary Bechler, openDemocracy
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Trevor Smith, openDemocracy
THE UNDER 19S .......................................................................... 176
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Anthony Painter, Left Foot Forward
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Ben Martin
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Ben Braithwaite
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Anna Mason, UK Uncut
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Tasha Bell
THE STATE AND VIOLENCE ......................................................... 196
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Daniel Trilling, New Statesman
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Jeremy Gilbert, New Statesman
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Ryan Gallagher, openDemocracy
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Tom Griffin, openDemocracy
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James Butler, Pierce Penniless
8
Contents
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Rory Rowan, Critical Legal Thinking
THE TRADE UNIONS ................................................................... 236
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Len McCluskey, The Guardian
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Keith Ewing, openDemocracy
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John Stuttle, openDemocracy
THE AESTHETICS ....................................................................... 246
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Jesse Darling, Brave New What
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Dan Hancox
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Adam Harper, Rouges Foam
THE GENERATIONS ..................................................................... 278
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Anthony Barnett, New Statesman
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Gerry Hassan, The Scotsman
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Nick Pearce, IPPR
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Laurie Penny, The Guardian
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Maeve McKeown, UCL Occupation Blog
AFTERWORDS ............................................................................. 304
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Markus Malarkey, Ceasefire
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APPENDICES............................................................................... 320
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Third Estate
9
Note From The Editor

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11
Foreword: A Fight For The Future
Foreword: A Fight For The

Future
Anthony Barnett
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From protest to politics

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Here is why:

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28
29
Overviews
OVERVIEWS
30
You say you want a revolution...
You say you want a

revolution...
Laurie Penny and Rowenna Davies, openDemocracy
How to believe in change? This exchange was published in July 2010

but it prefigures the energy and issues released by the protests that
erupted in November and December, and expresses the frustrations
that were building up well before the Conservative-Liberal
Democrat government announced its plans for higher education.
Laurie Penny:
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43
The Open-Sourcing of Political Activism: How the internet and networks help build resistance
The Open-Sourcing of
Political Activism: How the
internet and networks help
build resistance
Guy Aitchison and Aaron Peters
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79J?EDI
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movement
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59
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60
61
The Demonstrations
THE
DEMONSTRATIONS
After the publication of the Browne Report in October 2010, there
was a surge of dissent and debate, in response to the radical changes to
the British education system that lay ahead. To take part in the
protest movement in November and December was to experience an
intense, ever-evolving process that began with a traditional march,
and ended with a siege of parliament itself.
On 10 November, the first major demonstration against the
Conservative-Lib Dem coalition proposals took place. Over 50,000
students and sympathetic parties took to the streets, and several
hundred occupied the Conservative HQ at Millbank Tower in
London, cheered on by thousands more. In the month that followed
Millbank, a series of street demonstrations took place in the capital,
supported by numerous other actions, protests and occupations across
the country in opposition to the government's fees and cuts agenda.
Each of the major protests was characterised by different tactics
and effects – and widely identified by the Twitter hashtags protesters
used to follow developments: #dayx, #dayx2, and #dayx3.
The first, #dayx, was characterised by the iconoclastic storming
and occupation of Millbank.
The second, #dayx2, became known as ‘the cat-and-mouse protest’,
because it saw separate tributaries of the main demonstration
spontaneously split off to escape Police kettling, running miles
through the London snow from Victoria to Bank, from the Barbican
to Trafalgar Square.
62
The Demonstrations
The third, #dayx3, took place on the day the House of Commons
voted in favour of the rise in tuition fees: as the vote was passed,
shortly after 5.30pm, thousands of protesters remained kettled
directly outside in Parliament Square. The protesters variously
danced, chanted, made new friends, clashed with Riot Police, and
even tried to storm the Treasury building – later, over a thousand
protesters were kettled on Westminster Bridge, in a situation so
dangerous a doctor warned that a Hillsborough type disaster had
been only narrowly averted.
Each demonstration was different, in its tactics, and in the effect it
produced. As Jonathan Moses writes in this section, “a British
institution – the protest march – was undergoing a transformative
moment”.
63
Inside the Millbank Tower riots
Inside the Millbank Tower

riots
Laurie Penny, New Statesman
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68
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I was held at a student protest for five hours
I was held at a student

protest for five hours
Sophie Burge, TheSite.org
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On Riots and Kettles, Protests and Violence
On Riots and Kettles,

Protests and Violence
Paul Sagar, Bad Conscience
The Riot
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87
Postmodernism in the Streets: the tactics of protest are changing
Postmodernism in the
Streets: the tactics of
protest are changing
Jonathan Moses, openDemocracy
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91
Kettling – an attack on the right to protest
Kettling – an attack on the

right to protest
Oliver Huitson, openDemocracy
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95
The Occupations
THE OCCUPATIONS
While students and activists took to the streets in protest, there were
the in-between times to think about – and the need to inculcate
greater support, awareness, and activist skills within the student
movement: over 30 universities across the country went into
occupation, many for weeks, with students living, eating, and
sleeping in the occupied space. This had great practical benefits,
creating spaces to share ideas, build solidarity networks, and plan
future protests and actions – and it was also, as Owen Hatherley
argues, a symbolic response to the wider privatisation of public space
that New Labour had pursued: “It is a protest against the coalition,
to be sure, but it's also a magnificent rejection of the fear, quietism
and atomisation that was the result of earlier policies. The students'
use of space is fearless.”
96
Beyond The Occupation

Oliver Wainwright, Building Design
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99
At The Occupation
At The Occupation
Joanna Biggs, London Review of Books
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Who is the university?

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112
Interview with a Royal Holloway anarchist
Interview with a Royal

Holloway anarchist
Asher Goldman, Libcom.org
This is an excerpt from an interview with Dan, a former member of

the Aotearoa Workers Solidarity Movement who is now living in
the UK, and was involved in a two day long occupation at his
university in London.
Dan:.JK:;DJ79J?L?IJIB;7HDJ7L7BK78B;B;IIED7J(?BB87DA
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8KI?D;II;I
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>EMM7IJ>;J79J?9:;9?:;:KFED7D:J>;DFK8B?9?I;:#EM
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H7:?97BB;<JEHM;H;J>;OCEH;H;FH;I;DJ7J?L;E<J>;KD?L;HI?JO
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E99KF7J?ED
Dan: />;M;;A7<J;HJ>;;L;DJI7J(?BB87DA J>;DJ?]
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113
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123
The Flash Mobs
THE FLASH MOBS

UK Uncut, taxes and direct action
It was the snide retort of countless mainstream media commentators
that the student protests were entirely narcissistic: concerned only
with disruption to their own lives as undergraduates. This ignored
the reality on the ground – that protesters carried banners, chanted,
and held views indicating dissent with government policies far
beyond the rise in tuition fees. But to grab the attention of those same
mainstream media commentators was going to need a different
approach. Step forward UK Uncut, whose witty, daring flash mobs
targeted major high street shops, to spread the word that while
government cuts would disproportionately hit the poorest members of
society, ultra-rich corporations were evading billions of pounds they
owed to the exchequer: and thus, to everyone. As Alan Finlayson
writes: “Media corporations, polluting industries and greedy banks
take actions that affect us directly. In challenging or resisting those
effects, why dilute energies by diverting them through the Whitehall
bureaucracy?” In other words: let’s cut out the middle-men.
124
Protest works. Just look at the proof
Protest works. Just look at

the proof
Johann Hari, The Independent
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The philosophical significance of UK Uncut
The philosophical
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Alan Finlayson, openDemocracy
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134
'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-Cuts Protests Hit Tax Dodgers Across The Country
'Santa Glue-In' as 55 Anti-

Cuts Protests Hit Tax
Dodgers Across The Country
UK Uncut, Big Society Revenue & Customs
Press release: Posted on Sat 18th
Dec 2010, 2:33pm
For Immediate Release
UK UNCUT: 'SANTA GLUE IN' AS 55 ANTI-CUTS
PROTESTS HIT TAX DODGERS ACROSS THE
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137
The Universities
THE UNIVERSITIES
The Browne report into higher education published on 6 October did
more than raise a lot of questions. Out of it came the policy of tripling
student fees in the form of loans, removing any direct government
grants to the humanities: marketising higher education and tearing
down any public interest in its intrinsic values. At the same time it
presumed a distinctly old-fashioned approach. “Policy-makers are
persisting with an institutional model that was created in the midst
of a different age,” writes Aaron Peters. At the heart of the crisis of
university funding lies a debate about the future of higher education,
one played out in a series of exchanges between Alan Finlayson and
Tony Curzon Price. Ultimately: what are universities for?
138
Universities in an age of information abundance
Universities in an age of
information abundance
Aaron Peters, openDemocracy
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139
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Britain, greet the age of privatised Higher Education – an argument and a debate
Britain, greet the age of

privatised Higher Education
– an argument and a debate
Alan Finlayson and Tony Curzon Price, openDemocracy
Alan Finlayson:
I: What is really going on
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conservatives, as the true
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Universities should be more inventive than the profit motive
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173
I defied the Whips and voted against my government
I defied the Whips and voted

against my government
Trevor Smith, openDemocracy
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175
The Under 19s
THE UNDER 19S

The Education Maintenance Allowance and the
electorally disenfranchised
It was a striking aspect of the student demonstrations in London that
the presence on the streets was not, despite right-wing commentators’
suggestions to the contrary, one composed of privileged middle-class
undergraduates, dilettantes from Oxbridge aged 18-21. Because,
along with the stratospheric tuition fees rise, the Conservative-Lib
Dem coalition had announced the abolition of the Education
Maintenance Allowance (EMA), a means-tested government stipend
which had seen an increase in the numbers of students from poorer
backgrounds staying on in post-16 education. With its abolition,
many under 18s from poorer backgrounds would simply not be able to
afford to stay on to do A levels – at a time of record-breaking youth
unemployment, no less. To make matters worse, these young people
had not even had the right to vote for the coalition that was
currently selling their futures down the river – though of course, they
were old enough to pay taxes to it. “We’re from the slums of London,
how do they expect us to pay £9,000 for uni fees, and no EMA…
What’s stopping us from doing drug deals on the streets anymore?”
one protesting teenager asked the BBC.
Whether through UK Uncut actions or at the student

demonstrations, a generation of young people barely old enough to
remember Tony Blair were learning very quickly about political
protest, and risking detention to exercise their democratic rights to do
so.
176
The real nature of the EMA debate
The real nature of the EMA

debate
Anthony Painter, Left Foot Forward
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182
EMA Stories: My Brother, Charlie Martin
EMA Stories: My Brother,

Charlie Martin
Ben Martin
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The State and Violence
THE STATE AND

VIOLENCE
If any illustration were needed of the establishment’s relationship
with the democratic right to protest, it came on #dayx3. As the
tuition fees bill was passed, the Metropolitan Police kettled protesters
in Parliament Square and on Westminster Bridge for eight hours.
The next day’s newspapers ignored the horrors of the kettle, choosing
instead to regard the brief scare encountered by Prince Charles the
Duchess of Cornwall as the day’s only story. In the parliamentary
debate later that day, Home Secretary Theresa May reiterated in the
House of Commons three times that there had been no kettle in
Parliament Square – regurgitating, no doubt, the information passed
to her by the Met.
Tied up in this web of establishment self-preservation is a key myth:

unlike those hot-headed foreigners, British people “just don’t do”
protest, proceeding with calm, Whiggish decorum – though the entire
history of progress and change in this country proves otherwise.
As James Butler writes, “the rotting sump of hereditary privilege”

still presides over this sceptred isle. Is it any wonder that this
government’s ideological cuts target the poorest members of society,
when 18 of the 23 members of the cabinet are millionaires? Yet
Butler’s phrase should not lull us into thinking the establishment is
not canny in its ability to adapt to new threats to its power: and in
the tactical brutality of the Police kettle, we have its newest
incarnation. It is up to us – as it has been throughout British history
– to stay one step ahead.
196
Riotous Protest – an English tradition
Riotous Protest – an English

tradition
Daniel Trilling, New Statesman
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Sharing The Pain: The emotional politics of austerity and its opponents
Sharing The Pain: The

emotional politics of
austerity and its opponents
Jeremy Gilbert, New Statesman
Keep Calm and Carry On?

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The Media, the police and protest: now both sides of the story can be reported
The Media, the police and

protest: now both sides of
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The military response to direct action, General Kitson's manual
The military response to

direct action, General
Kitson's manual
Tom Griffin, openDemocracy
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Geographies of the Kettle: Containment, Spectacle & Counter-Strategy
Geographies of the Kettle:

Containment, Spectacle &
Counter-Strategy
Rory Rowan, Critical Legal Thinking
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235
The Trade Unions
THE TRADE UNIONS

Recent British history tells us that the institutions at the heart of
popular protest are the trade unions – though many protesters were
not even born at the time of the miners’ strike, let alone in the winter
of discontent or earlier. With a few exceptions, the leadership of the
trade unions were almost comically slow to react to the threats to
working people presented by this government. Students laughed, then
sighed, that while they were organising occupations and almost
weekly mass demonstrations, union leaders were planning to do their
bit by scheduling a protest for the end of March.
‘The revolution will already be over by then!’ some joked. Slowly the
reality of the situation dawned, and Unite leader Len McCluskey
penned a comment piece for The Guardian suggesting that they
would have to make up for lost time. With 490,000 public sector
redundancies predicted for the lifetime of this parliament, the student
protest movement will need the solidarity of trade unions – and
wants it too. On whose terms this happens is very much up for grabs;
but the students have certainly set the pace.
236
Unions, get set for battle

Len McCluskey, The Guardian
Len McCluskey is General Secretary of Unite

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239
Just what does the Guardian think trade unions are for?
Just what does the Guardian

think trade unions are for?
Keith Ewing, openDemocracy
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242
Comment on Keith Ewing

John Stuttle, openDemocracy
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244
245
The Aesthetics
THE AESTHETICS
Sound and vision in the protest movement
Protest in the era of mass culture is nothing without its aesthetics –
the wit, imagery, sonics and imagination of the protesters provide an
outlet for their creativity, and the tools for their rebellion. As Adam
Harper notes, aesthetics are both the means and the manifestation of
protest. This is true of the hilarious, cutting home-made protest signs
photographed by Jesse Darling, and in the zeitgeist-capturing music
of the EMA kids, for whom rebellion means the right to celebrate
their culture by dancing in Parliament Square – while they are
denied the same right closer to home in ‘the banlieues of London’.
Ultimately, as Harper argues, protest aesthetics mean forging the
right to construct a new vision of reality – and it’s exciting, it’s
creative, and above all, it’s subversive.
246
On [Protest] Signs & the Signified
On [Protest] Signs & the

Signified
Jesse Darling, Brave New What
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263
This is our riot: POW!

Dan Hancox
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Images of Reality and Student Surrealism
Images of Reality and

Student Surrealism
Adam Harper, Rouges Foam
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276
277
The Generations
THE GENERATIONS
Old politics and new movements
The spectre of the 68ers looms large over the current protests – partly
because of the schematic similarities to that movement, and perhaps
more so, because the veterans of that era are of exactly the right age
to be passing comment on the current wave of youth uprisings; as
politicians, academics and journalists. Yet what has been striking
about this student movement has been its eagerness to shed such
comparisons with 1968, despite its romance, and to learn from the
lessons of its predecessors. The relationship between this generation
and those who hold the reins of power (mainstream or otherwise)
remains part of an ongoing debate. The left-wing parties, with their
more traditional hierarchies and decision-making processes, have
been the subject of hostility from some of the student protesters, who
fear they will seek to ‘take over’ what remains a strikingly leaderless
movement, and do so for their own ends. As long as this debate
remains comradely, and the broad goals the same, it is one that will
continue to be voiced in public. As Anthony Barnett concludes, the
tens has every possibility to trump the sixties – not least because
“what is on offer from the political system today seems exhausted, its
institutions corrupted, its constitution a shambles, and reinvention
essential”.
278
Will the ‘Tens’ trump the ‘Sixties’?
Will the ‘Tens’ trump the

‘Sixties’?
Anthony Barnett, New Statesman
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The New Sound of the

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Gerry Hassan, The Scotsman
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The Morning After The Fight Before
The Morning After The Fight

Before
Nick Pearce, IPPR
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295
Out with the old politics

Laurie Penny, The Guardian
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Is the students’ conflict intergenerational?
Is the students’ conflict

intergenerational?
Maeve McKeown, UCL Occupation Blog
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Afterwords
AFTERWORDS
304
Why we shouldn’t centralise the student movement: protest, tactics and ways forward
Why we shouldn’t centralise

the student movement:
protest, tactics and ways
forward
Markus Malarkey, Ceasefire
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What next for the UK's student movement?
What next for the UK's

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Appendices
APPENDICES
320
Campaigns and Resources

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The Great Unrest
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OurKingdom
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Sixty Second Legal Check List
Sixty Second Legal Check

List
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Green and Black Bust Card

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GBC LEGAL TEAM: 07946 541 511 BINDMANS
SOLICITORS: 020 7833 4433
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331
Occupation Cheat Sheet

Third Estate
So, you want to have an occupation?

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338

Fight Back

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Publishing and Design Team

Johann Hari, The Independent

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Note From The Editor

Foreword: A Fight For The

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The Browne Review

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The Coalition’s collision course

2>;DJ>;OI7O ‘cut back!’

From protest to politics

The new Levellers

You say you want a

How to believe in change? This exchange was published in July 2010

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From the Reactive to the

Beyond the Cuts

The role of students

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The ‘open sourcing’ of political activism

The potential for open source resistance in a

The limits of recent protest movements in the

The genesis of networked protest

The birth of the student movement

Horizontal organisation in the student

Inside the Millbank Tower

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Beyond The Occupation

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