Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility

Datasheet Long
Operator A B C No. of
Trials
D4
Max X
Sample 1st
2nd
3 rd
1 2
st
3
nd rd
1 2
st
3
nd rd 2 3.27 Min X
Range Range Range
of Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial Trial 3 2.58 X Diff
1
2
RA
3 Tolerance
4
RB
5
6 UCLR
RC
7
(R) x (D4)
8
Sum
9 x
10
R
11
12
13 No. of α
2 3
14 Trials (m)
15 m
Totals α 4.56 3.05

No. of β
2 3
Sum RA Sum RB Sum RC Operators (n)
XA XB XC n
β 3.65 2.70
0

MEASUREMENT UNIT ANALYSIS % TOLERANCE ANALYSIS

Repeatability - Equipment Variation (EV) - [within]

EV = (R) x (α) % EV = 100 x [(EV) / (Tolerance)]

= x = 100 x / ]

= =

Reproducibility - Appraiser Variation (AV) - [Between]

AV = √ { [(X diff
2
) x (β2)] - [(EV2) / (n x m)] } % AV = 100 x [(AV) / (Tolerance)]

= √ {[ x ] - [ / ]} = 100 x / ]

= =

Reproducibility and Reproducibility (R&R)

R&R = √ ((EV ) 2
+ (AV2)) % R&R = 100 x [(R&R) / (Tolerance)

= √ ( + ) = 100 x / ]

= =

Sample Information:
Sample
Date Fill cells
 d* Value for the distribution
Sample Operator 1 Operator 2 Operator 3 Operator 4 of the average Range
|Range 1-4|
# # of # of Operators
1 Samples 2 3 4
2 1 1.41 1.91 2.24
3 2 1.28 1.81 2.15
4 3 1.23 1.77 2.12
5 4 1.21 1.75 2.11
6 5 1.19 1.74 2.1
7 6 1.18 1.73 2.09
8 7 1.17 1.73 2.09
9 8 1.17 1.72 2.08
10 9 1.16 1.72 2.08
Sum of Ranges 10 1.16 1.72 2.08
Average Range
 Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
Data Collection Sheet

Part
Appraiser

Average
Trial #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
2
3 Xa
Average Ra
Range
1
2
3 Xb
Average Rb
Range
1
2
3 Xc
Average Rc
Range
Part X
Average Rp

R = (Sum of Ranges / Number of appraisers) =

XDIFF = (Maximum average - Minimum average)

UCLR = (R x D4)

Trials D4 Parts K3 D4 =
2 3.27 2 0.7071
3 2.58 3 0.5231 K1 =
4 0.4467
Constants

Trials K1 5 0.4030 K2 =
2 0.8862 6 0.3742
3 0.5908 7 0.3534 K3 =
8 0.3375 Variables:
Appraiser K2 9 0.3249 n = (parts)
2 0.7071 10 0.3146 r = (trials)
3 0.5231

EV = R x K1 = % EV =

AV =
√ ( XDIFF x K2 )2 - ( EV2 / n x r ) = % AV =

GRR =
√ EV2 + AV2 = % GRR =

PV = Rp x K3 = % PV =

TV =
√ GRR2 + PV2 = ndc =

Sample Information:
Sample
Date
 Possible Causes for Variation

Observed Process
Variation

Real
Measurement
Process
Variation
Variation

Long-Term Short-Term Spread Spread Spread

Process Process in the caused by caused by
Variation Variation Sample Operators Gauge

Reproducibility

Accuracy Linearity Stability Repeatabilit

NDC = Number of Distinct Categories

Measurement Instruments have physical limitations to "discriminate" between different parts (i.e. give different value
dimension for parts that are actually different). An example: The discriminative power of the scale that my wife has i
is 5 gr. By using this device it will be impossible for me to "discriminate" between packs of flour wheighing 1.010 gr
1011 gr (eyeballing & rounding is not allowed!). All these three packs will be considered as having the same weight w
it is not true. The three packs are in "the same category". In this way we start to talk about "categories"
NDC = Number of Distinct Categories
Measurement Instruments have physical limitations to "discriminate" between different parts (i.e. give different value
dimension for parts that are actually different). An example: The discriminative power of the scale that my wife has i
is 5 gr. By using this device it will be impossible for me to "discriminate" between packs of flour wheighing 1.010 gr
1011 gr (eyeballing & rounding is not allowed!). All these three packs will be considered as having the same weight w
it is not true. The three packs are in "the same category". In this way we start to talk about "categories"

The NDC tells you how many categories your measurement system (MS) is able to diferenciate considering your pro
variation.

If your NDC = 1 then your MS is useless.

If the NDC = 2 then your MS can only distinguish between two categories ("small" and "big", for example). (useles
If NDC = 3 then you have small, medium and big, and so on...

Automotive industries recomend a value equal or greather than five, if I remember well... The greatest the NDC the b

Of course the term "category" is not physical or tangible. It is an "abstract category".

ment
n

d Spread
by caused by
rs Gauge

bility

Repeatability

fferent parts (i.e. give different values of a

power of the scale that my wife has in the kitchen
en packs of flour wheighing 1.010 gr, 1.007 or
nsidered as having the same weight when actually
alk about "categories"
 fferent parts (i.e. give different values of a
power of the scale that my wife has in the kitchen
en packs of flour wheighing 1.010 gr, 1.007 or
nsidered as having the same weight when actually
alk about "categories"

to diferenciate considering your process

mall" and "big", for example). (useless too)

er well... The greatest the NDC the better.

ory".