CONNIVANCE/CONSPIRACY with his co-accused, WHO ARE MEMBERS OF

HIS FAMILY, RELATIVES BY AFFINITY OR CONSANGUINITY, BUSINESS

ESTRADA VS SANDIGANBAYAN
ASSOCIATES, SUBORDINATES AND/OR OTHER PERSONS, BY TAKING
UNDUE ADVANTAGE OF HIS OFFICIAL POSITION, AUTHORITY,
RELATIONSHIP, CONNECTION, OR INFLUENCE, did then and there
BASIC FACTS
willfully, unlawfully and criminally amass, accumulate and acquire BY

On 4 April 2001, an Information for plunder was filed against former HIMSELF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ill-gotten wealth in the aggregate

President Joseph Ejercito Estrada (“FPres. Estrada”), together with amount OR TOTAL VALUE of FOUR BILLION NINETY SEVEN MILLION

Jose “Jinggoy” Estrada, Charlie ‘Atong” Ang, Edward Serapio, EIGHT HUNDRED FOUR THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY THREE

Yolanda T. Ricaforte, Alma Alfaro, Eleuterio Tan, a.k.a. Eleuterio Ramos PESOS AND SEVENTEEN CENTAVOS [P4,097,804,173.17], more or less,

Tan or Mr. Uy, Jane Doe a.k.a. Delia Rajas, and John & Jane Does, for the THEREBY UNJUSTLY ENRICHING HIMSELF OR THEMSELVES AT THE

crime of Plunder defined and penalized under R.A. No. 7080, as amended EXPENSE AND TO THE DAMAGE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE AND THE

by Sec. 12 of R.A. No. 7659. The Information was subsequently amended, REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, through ANY OR A combination OR A

as follows: series of overt OR criminal acts, OR SIMILAR SCHEMES OR MEANS,

AMENDED INFORMATION described as follows:

The undersigned Ombudsman Prosecutor and OIC-Director, EPIB, Office of (a) by receiving OR collecting, directly or indirectly, on SEVERAL

the Ombudsman, hereby accuses former PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES, INSTANCES, MONEY IN THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF FIVE HUNDRED

Joseph Ejercito Estrada a.k.a. “ASIONG SALONGA” AND a.k.a. FORTY-FIVE MILLION PESOS (P545,000,000.00), MORE OR LESS, FROM

“JOSE VELARDE”, together with Jose ‘Jinggoy’ Estrada, ILLEGAL GAMBLING IN THE FORM OF GIFT, SHARE, PERCENTAGE,

Charlie “Atong” Ang, Edward Serapio, Yolanda T. Ricaforte, Alma KICKBACK OR ANY FORM OF PECUNIARY BENEFIT, BY HIMSELF AND/OR in

Alfaro, JOHN DOE a.k.a. Eleuterio Tan OR Eleuterio Ramos Tan or Mr. Uy, connivance with co-accused CHARLIE ‘ATONG’ ANG, JOSE

Jane Doe a.k.a. Delia Rajas, and John DOES & Jane Does, of the crime of ‘Jinggoy’ Estrada, Yolanda T. Ricaforte, Edward Serapio, AND JOHN

Plunder, defined and penalized under R.A. No. 7080, as amended by Sec. DOES AND JANE DOES, in consideration OF TOLERATION OR PROTECTION

12 of R.A. No. 7659, committed as follows: OF ILLEGAL GAMBLING;

That during the period from June, 1998 to January, 2001, in the (b) by DIVERTING, RECEIVING, misappropriating, converting OR misusing

Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, accused DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, for HIS OR THEIR PERSONAL gain and benefit,

Joseph Ejercito Estrada, THEN A PUBLIC OFFICER, BEING THEN THE public funds in the amount of ONE HUNDRED THIRTY MILLION PESOS

PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, by himself AND/OR in [P130,000,000.00], more or less, representing a portion of the TWO
HUNDRED MILLION PESOS [P200,000,000.00] tobacco excise tax share
allocated for the Province of Ilocos Sur under R.A. No. 7171, BY HIMSELF
AND/OR in CONNIVANCE with co-accused Charlie ‘Atong’ Ang, Alma
Alfaro, JOHN DOE a.k.a. Eleuterio Tan OR Eleuterio Ramos Tan or Mr. Uy,
and Jane Doe a.k.a. Delia Rajas, AND OTHER JOHN DOES AND JANE
DOES;
(c) by directing, ordering and compelling, FOR HIS PERSONAL GAIN AND
BENEFIT, the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) TO
PURCHASE, 351,878,000 SHARES OF STOCKS, MORE OR LESS, and the
Social Security System (SSS), 329,855,000 SHARES OF STOCK, MORE OR
LESS, OF THE BELLE CORPORATION IN THE AMOUNT OF MORE OR LESS
ONE BILLION ONE HUNDRED TWO MILLION NINE HUNDRED SIXTY FIVE
THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED SEVEN PESOS AND FIFTY CENTAVOS
[P1,102,965,607.50] AND MORE OR LESS SEVEN HUNDRED FORTY FOUR
MILLION SIX HUNDRED TWELVE THOUSAND AND FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY
PESOS [P744,612,450.00], RESPECTIVELY, OR A TOTAL OF MORE OR
LESS ONE BILLION EIGHT HUNDRED FORTY SEVEN MILLION FIVE
HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT THOUSAND FIFTY SEVEN PESOS AND FIFTY
CENTAVOS [P1,847,578,057.50]; AND BY COLLECTING OR RECEIVING,
DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, BY HIMSELF AND/OR IN CONNIVANCE WITH
JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES, COMMISSIONS OR PERCENTAGES BY
REASON OF SAID PURCHASES OF SHARES OF STOCK IN THE AMOUNT OF
ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY NINE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND
PESOS [P189,700,000.00], MORE OR LESS, FROM THE BELLE
CORPORATION WHICH BECAME PART OF THE DEPOSIT IN THE
EQUITABLE-PCI BANK UNDER THE ACCOUNT NAME “JOSE
VELARDE”;
(d) by unjustly enriching himself FROM COMMISSIONS, GIFTS, SHARES,
PERCENTAGES, KICKBACKS, OR ANY FORM OF PECUNIARY BENEFITS, IN
CONNIVANCE WITH JOHN DOES AND JANE DOES, in the amount of MORE
OR LESS THREE BILLION TWO HNDRED THIRTY THREE MILLION ONE
HUNDRED FOUR THOUSAND AND ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY THREE PESOS
AND SEVENTEEN CENTAVOS [P3,233,104,173.17] AND DEPOSITING THE
SAME UNDER HIS ACCOUNT NAME “JOSE VELARDE” AT THE
EQUITABLE-PCI BANK.
CONTRARY TO LAW.
After the prosecution finished presenting its evidence, FPres. Estrada filed,
with leave of court, a demurrer to evidence. The demurrer, however, was
denied by the court. Accused Serapio opted not to present his own
evidence, and instead adopted the evidence presented by FPres. Estrada
and Jinggoy Estrada.
Incidentally, in 2007, the Sandiganbayan approved the Plea Bargaining
Agreement between the prosecution and accused Atong Ang, the latter
pleading guilty to a lesser offense of Corruption of Public Officials under
Article 212 in relation to Article 211 of the Revised Penal Code. Accused
Atong Ang was sentenced to two years and four months of prision
correccional minimum, as minimum, to six years of prision correccional
maximum, as maximum, and to pay the amount of P25,000,000.00 to the
Government as his civil liability. Accused Atong Ang is now out of jail
under probation.
RULING OF THE COURT
The elements of the crime of plunder, pursuant to RA 7080 and as laid
down by the Supreme Court in the earlier case of Joseph Ejercito Estrada
vs. Sandiganbayan (G.R. No. 148560, 19 November 2001), are as follows:
(1) That the offender is a public officer who acts by himself or in
connivance with members of his family, relatives by affinity or
consanguinity, business associates, subordinates or other persons;
(2) That he amassed, accumulated or acquired ill-gotten wealth through a
combination or series of the following overt or criminal acts described in
Section 1 (d) of R.A. No. 7080 as amended; and
(3) That the aggregate amount or total value of the ill-gotten wealth
amassed, accumulated or acquired is at least P50,000,000.00.
The terms “Combination” and “Series” were likewise defined in
the above-cited case. “Combination” refers to at least two acts
falling under different categories of enumeration provided in Sec. 1, par.
(d), e.g., raids on the public treasury in Sec.1, par. (d), subpar. (1), and
fraudulent conveyance of assets belongings to the National Government
under Sec.1, par. (d), subpar. (3). On the other hand, to constitute a
“series”, there must be two or more overt or criminal acts falling
under the same category of enumeration found in Sec. 1, par. (d), say,
misappropriation, malversation and raids on the public treasury, all of
which fall under Sec. 1, par. (d), subpar. (1).
Section 1 (d) reads:
Ill-gotten wealth means any asset, property, business enterprise or
material possession of any person within the purview of Section Two (2)
hereof, acquired by him directly or in directly through dummies, nominees,
agents, subordinates and/or business associates by any combination or
series of the following means or similar schemes:
1) Through misappropriation, conversation, misuse, or malversation of
public funds or raids on the public treasury;
2) By receiving, directly or indirectly, any commission, gift, share,
percentage, kickbacks or any other form of pecuniary benefit from any
person and/ or entity in connection with any government contract or
project or by reason of the office or position of the public officer
concerned;
3) By the illegal or fraudulent conveyance or disposition of asset belonging
to the National Government or any of its subdivision, agencies or
instrumentalities or government-owned or –controlled corporations and
their subsidiaries;
4) By obtaining, receiving or accepting directly or indirectly any shares of
stock, equity or any other form of interest or participation including
promises of future employment in any business enterprise or undertaking;
5) By establishing agricultural, industrial or commercial monopolies or
other combinations and/or implementation of decrees and orders intended
to benefit particular persons or special interests; or
6) By taking undue advantage of official position, authority, relationship,
connection or influence to unjustly enrich himself or themselves at the
expense and to the damage and prejudice of the Filipino people and the
Republic of the Philippines.
The prosecution has proven beyond reasonable doubt the elements of
plunder as against former President Estrada, thus:
(a) The principal accused Joseph Ejercito Estrada, at the time of the
commission of the acts charged in the Amended Information was the
President of the Republic of the Philippines;
(b) He acted in connivance with then Governor Luis “Chavit”
Singson, who was granted immunity from suit by the Office of the
Ombudsman, and with the participation of other persons named by
prosecution witnesses in the course of the trial of this case, in amassing,
accumulating and acquiring ill-gotten wealth as follows:
(i) by a series of acts of receiving bi-monthly collections from
“jueteng”, a form of illegal gambling, during the period beginning
November 1998 to August 2000 in the aggregate amount of
P545,291,000.00. Out of this amount, P200,000,000.00 was deposited in
the Erap Muslim Youth Foundation; and
(ii) by a series consisting of two acts of ordering the GSIS and the SSS to
purchase shares of stock of Belle Corporation and collecting or receiving
commission from the sales of Belle Shares in the amount of
P189,700,000.00 which was deposited in the Jose Velarde account.
These two acts – (i) and (ii) – correspond to sub-paragraphs (a) and (c) of
the Amended Information. However, there is uncertainty as to the
participation of Jinggoy Estrada and Serapio in the allegations under sub-
paragraph (a) of the Amended Information (both are not included in sub-
paragraph [c] of the Amended Information).
With respect to Jinggoy Estrada, there was no evidence that the money he
turned over to Gov. Singson or the latter’s representatives was part of
the jueteng protection money collected from Bulacan or that he received
funds from a certain Viceo. The prosecution did not also rebut the bank
certification presented by the defense that Jinggoy Estrada did not have an
account with the United Overseas Bank, disproving the testimony of Emma
Lim that the deposit slip in the amount said to be part of jueteng money
was turned over to her by Jinggoy Estrada from his account at the United
Overseas Bank. The gaps in the prosecution’s evidence as to Jinggoy
Estrada create uncertainty in the mind of the Court as to the participation
of Jinggoy Estrada in the collection and receipt of jueteng money.
With respect to Serapio, neither Gov. Chavit Singson’s testimony nor
the ledger entries proved that Serapio was involved in any way in the
collection or disbursement of jueteng protection money. It is difficult to
presume any criminal intent on the part of Serapio to conceal or launder
jueteng protection money in order to contribute to the amassing and
accumulation of ill-gotten wealth by FPres. Estrada in connection with the
transfer of the P200,000,000.00 to the Erap Muslim Youth Foundation.
On the other hand, the prosecution failed to establish beyond reasonable
doubt the allegations under sub-paragraph (b) and (d) of the amended
Information:
1. Acts under sub-paragraph (b) of the Amended Information. – With
respect to the act of divesting, receiving or misappropriating a portion of
the tobacco excise tax share allocated for the Province of Ilocos Sur, the
paper trail in relation to the P130,000,000.00 diverted tobacco excise
taxes began with Gov. Singson and ended with Atong Ang. This Court does
not find the evidence sufficient to establish beyond reasonable doubt that
FPres. Estrada or any member of his family had instigated and/or
benefited from the diversion of said funds. The prosecution failed to prove,
beyond reasonable doubt, who among the accused benefited from the
misappropriation of the excise tax share of Ilocos Sur and in what
amounts.
2. Acts under sub-paragraph (d) of the Amended Information. – While the
prosecution presented overwhelming evidence that there were numerous
deposits of astoundingly large sums of money into the Jose Velarde
account, it failed to prove the predicate act/s as defined under Section
1(d) of R.A. No. 7080 through which the said deposits could have been
acquired or amassed, except for the amount of P189,700,000.00,
representing illegal commissions from the sales of Belle shares and the
money collected from illegal gambling. It is not per se the accumulation of
wealth which is proscribed by the Anti-Plunder Law. The acquisition of
wealth of not less than P50,000,000.00 must be linked to the commission
of overt or criminal acts falling within the ambit of the said law. All that the
prosecution has succeeded in showing is that the Jose Velarde account is
the repository or receptacle of vast wealth belonging to FPres. Estrada.
However, the two different series of predicate acts outlined above
(particularly, first, the regular and methodical acquisition of ill-gotten
wealth through collections from illegal gambling, and, second, the receipt
of unlawful commissions from the sales of Belle shares twice), whether
taken separately or independently of the other or in combination with each
other, unquestionably constitute the crime of plunder as defined by
Section 2, in relation to Section 1(d) of RA 7080 as amended.
A pattern was established by the carefully planned system of jueteng
money collection on a regular bi-monthly basis from the dfferent provinces
nationwide to enrich FPres. Estrada with the connivance and/or
participation of Gov. Singson, Yolanda Ricaforte, Emma Lim, Carmencita
Itchon, SPO2 Artates, Jamis Singson and other jueteng collectors referred
to in the Amended Information as “John Does” and “Jane
Does.” As proven, the collections in “several instances” from
illegal gambling money went way beyond the minimum of P50,000,000.00
set by the Anti-Plunder Law. These repeated collections of jueteng money
from November 1998 to August 2000 would fall within the purview of a
“series” of illegal acts constituting plunder. The said series of acts,
on its own, would have been sufficient to convict the principal accused,
FPres. Estrada. However, this Court also finds that FPres. Estrada is
criminally liable for plunder for receiving commissions from the purchase
of Belle Shares by the GSIS and by the SSS in grave abuse of his power
on two separate occasions as charged in sub-paragraph (b) of the
Amended Information. Clearly, the receipt of these commissions on two
occasions likewise meets the definition of a series of two similar unlawful
acts employing the same scheme to accumulate ill-gotten wealth.
It is unnecessary to indulge in an exposition of whether the two series of
acts falling under sub-paragraphs (a) and (c) of the Amended Information,
proven in the course of the trial could have amounted to two (2) counts of
plunder. It would be a purely academic exercise, as the accused cannot be
convicted of two offenses or two counts of plunder on the basis of a single
Information, clearly charging him of only one count of plunder, because
that would violate his constitutional rights to due process, given the
severity of the crime charged in this case.
The predicate acts alleged in sub-paragraphs (a) and (c) of the Amended
Information, which formed two separate series of acts of a different
nature, were linked by the fact that they were plainly geared towards a
common goal which was the accumulation of ill-gotten wealth for FPres.
Estrada and that they shared a pattern or a common method of
commission which was the abuse or misuse of the high authority or power
of the Presidency.
In sum, the Court finds that prosecution has proven beyond reasonable
doubt the commission by the principal accused former President Joseph
Ejercito Estrada of the crime of plunder but not so in the case of former
Mayor Jose Jinggoy Estrada and Atty. Edward Serapio.
THE DISPOSITIVE PORTION
Former President Joseph Ejercito Estrada is GUILTY beyond reasonable
doubt of the crime of PLUNDER, defined in and penalized by Republic Act
No. 7080, as amended. On the other hand, for failure of the prosecution to
prove and establish their guilt beyond reasonable doubt, the Court finds
the accused Jose “Jinggoy” Estrada and Atty. Edward S. Serapio NOT
GUILTY of the crime of plunder, and accordingly, the Court hereby orders
their ACQUITTAL.
The penalty imposable for the crime of plunder under Republic Act No.
7080, as amended by Republic Act No. 7659, is Reclusion Perpetua to
Death. There being no aggravating or mitigating circumstances, however,
the lesser penalty shall be applied in accordance with Article 63 of the
Revised Penal Code. Accordingly, accused Former President Joseph Ejercito
Estrada is hereby sentenced to suffer the penaltay of Reclusion
Perpetua and the accessory penalties of civil interdiction during the period
of sentence and perpetual absolute disqualification.
Moreover, in accordance with Section 2 of Republic Act No. 7080, as
amended by Republic Act No. 7659, the Court hereby declares the
forfeiture in favor of the government of the following: (1) The total
amount of P545,291,000.00, with interest and income earned, inclusive of
the amount of P200,000,000.00, deposited in the name and account of the
Erap Muslim Youth Foundation; (2) The amount of P189,000,000.00,
inclusive of interests and income earned, deposited in the Jose Velarde
account; and (3) The real property consisting of a house and lot dubbed as
“Boracay Mansion” located at #100 11th Street, New Manila, Quezon
City.