The basic Origin of the Solar System:

premise in the understanding of our origins, and the properties of

all the planets we have studied this term, is that natural forces
created and shaped the Solar System. And that there is a
continuity to that process, i.e. it is not a sequence of random events.
Any model or theory for the formation of the Solar System must
have a set of explanations for large-scale and small-scale
properties.

Large-Scale:

1. the planets are isolated in orderly intervals

2. orbits are nearly circular
3. orbits are in the same plane
4. all planets revolve prograde

Small-Scale:

1. most planets rotate prograde

2. the systems of moons can be divided into regular objects
(spherical) with direct orbits versus irregular objects with
eccentric orbits
3. terrestrial planets have
i. high densities
ii. thin or no atmospheres
iii. rotate slowly
iv. rocky, poor in ices and H/He
4. jovian worlds have
i. low densities
ii. thick atmospheres
iii. rotate rapidly
iv. many moons
v. fluid interiors, rich in ices, H/He
5. most of outer SS objects (not just jovian worlds) are
ice-rich

Also note that the overall architecture of our Solar System is

orderly and the ages of its members uniform. All indicators point to
a single formation event about 4.6 billion years ago.
The above is not to ignore the fact that a great deal of evolution
occurred in the Solar System after it formed (see below). For
example, the origin secondary atmospheres of the terrestrial worlds
underwent a large amount of chemical processing (Venus was baked,
Mars was frozen, Earth developed life). There was also orbital
evolution as well, rings were formed, moons captured, tidal locking
between worlds (e.g. Pluto and Charon). So the Solar System is not a
static system, it is dynamic.

How does one test a hypothesis?

To answer scientific questions requires the formulation of a

hypothesis. The hypothesis is tested against the facts to look for
contradictions that rule out or require modification to the
hypothesis. Note that the process of hypothesis formulation and
then theory building is a lengthy, career dependent operation. So
the sociology of science requires that a hypothesis be tested and
confirmed by many scientists since the creator of the hypothesis
has a strong psychological attachment to his work.

Encounter Hypothesis:

One of the earliest theories for the formation of the planets was
called the encounter hypothesis. In this scenario, a rogue star
passes close to the Sun about 5 billion years ago. Material, in the
form of hot gas, is tidally stripped from the Sun and the rogue star.
This material fragments into smaller lumps which form the planets.
This hypothesis has the advantage of explaining why the planets all
revolve in the same direction (from the encounter geometry) and
also provides an explanation for why the inner worlds are denser
than the outer worlds.