Management of Local Potential Method with Application of Sustainable

Entrepreneur
(Case Study ; Branta Tinggi Village District Tlanakan Pamekasan Regency
Madura)
Tri Cahyono¹, Asfi Manzilati²
¹Economics Departement, Brawijaya University (UB), Indonesia
²Economics Departement, Brawijaya University (UB), Indonesia

Abstract
Resource potential (natural and human) in Indonesia is extremely
abundant and diverse types. However, the abundance of these resources is not
matched with the optimal management. A lot of economic potential in various
areas of abandoned due to lack of willingness from the government and local
communities to explore further. As happened in the Branta Tinggi Village District
Tlanakan Pamekasan Regency Madura. Various types of natural wealth and
potential of human resources was not accompanied by management of the
maximum. Even the people tend to work as beggars.
For this reason this study uses phenomenological approach in order to
know the social phenomena.
The purpose of this study is to determine: (1). How can local communities
manage the existing economic potential. (2). Why do people prefer to beg. (3).
The strategy of application of sustainable entrepreneur.
Findings from the research include: (1). Economic competencies less well
explored because of lack of creativity and knowledge in managing people. (2).
Participants choose to beg because it's easy to obtain pieces of rupiah. (3).
Strategy will be very effective if done in advance of social identifikasai to know
the grass roots issues in depth.

Keywords: management of economic potential, begging, entrepreneur

1. Introduction emergence of pockets of poverty.

Socio-economic problems The reason people are not competent
until recently become an important to work in odd jobs until volunteered
point for the government in to live as a vagrant or beggar.
improving the development process. Such as the case in one area
Inequity of distribution policies, in the village of Branta Tinggi
development (both physical and Pamekasan. The case is very unique
nonphysical), and local income been in this area, where most citizens live
singled out as the main issues their daily activities as a beggar. It is
affecting the poverty rate in various surprising when there is information
regions. This is because the policy beggar community in Madura. Areas
model is wrong and can stimulate the which upholds the moral values of

1
Islam with the character of hard Why do people prefer to beg. (3).
working people there were more The strategy of application of
people who behave begging sustainable entrepreneur.
especially in the rural Branta Tinggi.
Rifa'i in A'la (2010) give 2. Theory
some reason that Madurese 2.1. Tackling Begging by
community had the bearing that rests Understanding the Causes of
on local values are: responsive, Mental
resilient, entrepreneur, advanture , To overcome the problem of
and sparingly and carefully, they are beggars, especially mentally
also sincere loyal and have strong begging, it must first be known
links with religion. Tenacity was contributing factors. The most
reflected by their behavior to meet prominent factor is the problem of
the demands of the economy. poverty that directly hit them
If further review, the mentally to beg. According to Staley
economic potential existing in these in Soesilo (2007), poverty stems
villages are very abundant. So, if this from the fact that the total
potential can be properly explored, productivity in developing countries
not inevitable slowing down of the is very low as a result of: lack of an
regional economy can be excited imperfect capital markets, and
again. Of course, to enhance economic backwardness.
production is required planting souls From this fact, many of the
entrepreneurs in local communities. marginalized are produced, including
Soul planting method is not the beggars as the most visible
as easy as turning the palm of the groups that rely on the mercy of
hand alone, but required an others. In other factors, low levels of
identification associated with life that is often used as a gauge of
complex social phenomena. For this poverty is essentially only one chain
reason the main focus of this of a number of factors which is a
research is to determine: (1). How syndrome of poverty (PRSP Team of
can local communities manage the UGM, 1996).
existing economic potential. (2).

2
 In a broader level of thinking,
the real cause of poverty that directly
affects the number of beggars and
mentally create begging to be viewed
in the light of political economy,
which will require local government
to take the appropriate policy. In this
case, Yustika (2009) proposed the
four clauses that have the potential to
be the cause of the difficulty in
efforts to reduce poverty. First, is the
power of business groups
marginalized sectors (farmers,
fishermen, workers, informal sector,
etc.) are biased, so the energy to
influence policy become lame.
Second, the imbalance
between the rate of development of
economic sectors due to
economic development strategy
preferences that are not accurate.
Examples are policies that encourage
development of industrial sector /
service without involving
agricultural sector in the past, has
created pockets of poverty that are
not small.
Third, economic inequality
among sectors of development due to
failure of development strategies.
Fourth, the asymmetry of
relationship between urban and rural
areas due to government policies that
concentrated economic activities in
urban areas. From the explanation, it
is clear that in terms of socio-
economic profile of poverty is also a
product of the impact of structure-
sharing access (filtering-effect) it
results in poor access of the poor in a
variety of opportunities, resources
and fruit development (PRSP Team
of UGM, 1996).
and
2.2 Prevention of Mental Begging
Based Development Through
Regional Advantages
In accordance with national
development objectives Indonesian
man who wants to form completely
the and evenly on the entire people of
Indonesia. Development should be
wearing at all levels of society.
Closely related is that after the era of
autonomy, the role of regions in this
the increasingly urgent need for further
investigation. In the abstract concept
of the region, Wahyudi (2007)
distinguish the two different views,
namely objective and subjective
views. Subjective view of looking at
the area as a means to an end, only
the one idea, a model to help study the
world.
3
 Region is a classification often not used efficiently and
method, an intention to separate the effectively. What is expected is
properties in the area where the only actually the region should be able to
natural area is only the surface of the map the leading commodities in their
earth where humans live. While the respective areas of competence so
objective view, looking at the region that development can be directed
as a destination in itself, a toward specialization area seeded
determination that real, an organism (Muhammad, 2006). This is expected
which can be identified and mapped. to support the planning of the
In an effort to enhance the establishment of micro business
economic development of a region, which will turn suggesting the public
in addition to the capital and labor, about the importance of
also requires a careful planning and entrepreneurship as a sustainer of
understanding of existing life.
weaknesses and strengths. Planning Porter in Muhammad (2006)
is a way of thinking about socio- argued about the "Competitive
economic issues, primarily on future- Advantage" which describes how a
oriented, regarding the relationship developing area is actually inspired
between objectives and collective by the ideas of school of
decisions and pursue policies and commodities. Porter's ideas about the
programs that are comprehensive decisive advantage of a nation is
(Wahyudi (2007). influenced by four factors are
So after all can be classified intertwined namely: Factor
and described, the next method is to conditions; Firms Strategy, Structure
plan with inputs that have been and Rivalry; Related and Supporting
obtained, so the classification Industries; and Demand Conditions.
potential of a region can be mapped The existence of the domestic
based on its superiority. competition cluster among actors of
Furthermore, that until now the same economic activity will
there are many areas that do not encourage the creation factor, from
understand about the direction of here will continuously improve
development. Limited resources are competitive advantage in this cluster.

4
3. Method 3.3. Informant
3.1. Approach To determine the accuracy
Because the objects under and actuality of information, the
study are not limited to the informant's presence is required. For
understanding, searching and data this reason, several informants who
description alone, it would require an deliberately appointed are: first, local
in depth analysis approach in order to people involved in the scope of the
obtain results that are more complex. research (the beggar and not a
For this reason, the type of research beggar).
used is descriptive research Where these communities are
descriptive research fenomenoligis directly involved in an integrated
where it tries to describe a system of social interaction of a
phenomenon that takes place when community. The purpose of the
the research conducted. In terms of community researchers chose
descriptive research is trying to beggars is to determine the extent to
explain contemporary phenomena which paradigm (myth) that
under study (a phenomenon that developed so influential in their
occurs at this time). begging behavior.
Furthermore, non-beggars
3.2. Location informant deliberately chosen in
Research conducted in the order to describe how interactions or
form of case study research where social relations of beggars among the
more specific research to try to learn general public (non-beggar with
and observe phenomena in a region beggar) and the extent to which
according to the needs of the social relationships influence these
research. The place or location of the interactions in the formation
research that is conducted in the paradigm (strengthening
village of Branta Tinggi. From the internalization myth) for beggars and
selection of the site, hopes to answer non-beggar.
the research problems. Second, the village head who
is directly involved and influence the
socio-economic mobility in the

5
village of Branta Tinggi community.
From this village chief
researchers were able to obtain
information about how the role of
institutions in influencing the socio-
economic mobility (primarily related
to behavioral issues beg the people)
in villages linked through
policies adopted or are still planned.
Third, religious scholars and
local community leaders who are
civic structures such informants have
an influence on social action. As
informal leaders, clerics by many
people believed to have
"authority of truth"which is very
large and charismatic as he is
regarded as a saint who was awarded
the blessing of Divine (Sirodj, 2009).
Kyai and community leaders are
expected to provide a general
description of the relationship
between society and the figure of
informal leaders and the extent of the
influence of both (religious scholars
and community leaders) to action
(behavior) Branta Tinggi village
community.
3.4. Data Analysis
hopes In this study, overall there are
four stages that are used to analyze
the data, namely:
1. Data Collection
The data collected is the
result of interviews, observation,
the documentation and so forth. The data
collected is still a necessary raw data
and sorting to find major issues that
more focused research.
2. Data Presentation
Presentation of data is the
the data generated through the process of
data reduction will be directly
presented as a set of structured
information that gives the possibility
of penerikan conclusions and taking
action.
3. Data Reduction
Data reduction is a form of
analysis that sharpens, classify,
directed, discard the unnecessary,
and organize data in such a way that
final conclusions can be drawn
(Miles and Huberman, 1992). The
main purpose of this reduction is to
obtain data sharper and more focused
on the research so as to facilitate the
conclusion.
6
4. Conclusions Withdrawal
Conclusion is done
continuously for researchers to do
research. Conclusion is to know in
depth about the object being studied.
Thus, the ease in knowing the main
issues of research.
4. Results
4.1. Management is Not Optimal
Economic Potential
Areas with a population of
2.210 inhabitants is a wide range of
potential resources (natural and
human). Start the potential for an
exotic beach with a wide range
biological richness in it . Until the
existence of artesian well water
sources that can be utilized to meet
the needs of the water bath and for
agriculture.
Surely not stopped there, the
presence of major transportation
routes and its location close to the
center of the regional economy has
established regional Praise be to
Allaah is feasible to be developed
further. However, until now the
economic potential existing
management responded only
mediocre. So the development of the
region by relying on the basic sector
(agriculture and fisheries) can not be
realized with the good.
From the agricultural sector
for example, the number of
abandoned land that became one of
the potential evidence Praise be to
Allaah Economy of the basic sector
is not explored optimally.
Much like the agricultural
sector, fisheries sector is also
experiencing a similar fate. The fish
catches many fishermen are not put
to good use. This is because the
fishermen only take certain kinds of
fish only. So the other fish are
always caught in geratis distributed
to locals.
In addition, the risks to be
borne to manage the basic sector is
also quite high. No wonder, no
optimal management of high risk
potential for economic and offered to
make people feel at home tersebutlah
work as beggars.
4.2. Begging Activities Main More
than Work
Begging behavior is
motivated by the myths that
developed in the community. Where
people in the village of Branta Tinggi
(especially those living in the hamlet
7
of Violation), condemned by ki
Moko (local village elders in the
1920's) become beggars because
their behavior is stingy. However,
the activities of this begging later
became a separate polemic because
begging activities spread to many
regions that are not associated with
these myths.
From information of local
government, transmission of begging
behavior is against a background of
risks high enough from the basic
sector and the tendency to behave
consumptive society. For this reason,
people in other areas looking at the
activities of begging is an activity to
obtain pieces solutif rupiah.
Sure enough, the agricultural
sector of most farmers be object of
the game from the middlemen and
moneylenders. So the fate of the
peasants became increasingly worse
with the existence of this
phenomenon. Not only that, the
fishery sector also provides a very
high risk. The catch is uncertain and
risk amid the sea of uncertainty
making local people think twice to
develop this sector further.
Not surprisingly, the high
risks of that work, society
increasingly stable to doing
profession as a beggar. In addition,
the ease of obtaining pieces of rupiah
main attraction for diving profession.
4.3 Strategies to Shifting Behavior
Behavior Begging Be Working
(Production)
Activities that are left
begging, actually worsens the image
of the area. Lack of initiative to
produce by utilizing the potential that
exists to make the activities of
beggar become endemic behavior.
For this reason good strategy in
tackling this begging behavior that is
invested in a sustainable
entrepreneurial spirit to the
community.
In general, the application of
methods of sustainable
entrepreneurship is not separated
from the cooperation between village
institutions, communities and other
stakeholders. Obviously, this is used
to sustain (support) of the poor,
especially the beggars by utilizing its
resources in order to decide what
resources are utilized and how to use
them.
Final goal, of course, to
change the paradigm of begging to
8
be productive paradigm.
framework (conceptual framework)
the planning and implementation of
sustainable entrepreneurship method
is briefly following the steps as
follows:
1. Social Identification
Social identification, especially the
poor and beggars in the village area
Branta Tinggi is a series of criteria
established and used to identify the
receipt as well as methods to
overcome it. All of this relates to the
utilization of resources and capacity
building society based in
perspective of potential community
livelihood and natural resources.
Those criteria are:
a. The poverty rate and the
percentage of the number of
beggars.
b. Social ties and political society
(the relationship between
institutions with the public).
c. Community dependence
local resources.
Above criteria was used as
reference in determining any location
that can be explored in depth in order
to alleviate poverty, especially
poverty of the beggars and instill
The entrepreneurial spirit in a sustainable
manner to the public.
And this identification
process is very important to do with
the reason there were so many
resources (natural and human) that
have not been properly empowered.
The potential resources (natural and
human) are very abundant in number
and potential to be developed further.
2. Regional Development Planning
To begin preparations for
planning the development potential
of the area needed a core group
the which is the relevant village (village
chiefs and other community leaders)
and the technical team who will plan
the management of poverty
alleviation and economic potential of
each of these areas. Before the core
group work, before they must be
provided by a training work plan and
try to develop a draft action plan
which will be triggered and the basis
on of discussions with village
government.
This plan can then be
discussed and disseminated to the
public which is then discussed for
feedback, additions or corrections
can then be launched for all the
9
support elements of the public and managing well the economic
affected stakeholders. potential is there. In accordance with
In the early stages of the opinion Yustika (2009), that have
planning the preparation of potential pioneered the introduction of
development areas, can be input for simultaneous aspects of local and
the actions of such action: cultural (informal institutions) in
identification of local potentials that order to observe the facts of poverty
can be developed from various in more detail.
sectors, investment in agriculture, Empowerment and provision
irrigation planning, breeding and of capital to raise the local potential
fisheries management models, can be implemented such as the
education center job training and Village Credit Institution (VCI) in
entrepreneurship as well as religious, Bali. Where the institution is useful
skills development or production of to extend credit established and
information centers. managed by the community. The
Surely at this planning stage, institute is focused on providing
the community formed in certain capital and directly as a means of
clusters (clusters of fishermen and assistance to communities in
farmers clusters) with a view to managing capital are given. Capital
facilitate the implementation of is not in money but in the form of aid
action plans later. In addition to skills and other knowledge to
effectivelymanagement of the manage the business. This institution
existing economic potential. to run with a healthy, then the capital
of each recipient are required to
3. Capital Approval attend regular meetings as a means of
Because the main goal of this reporting activity.
ongoing entrepreneur program is a To streamline the
local community, the local potential performance of the receiver of
(the value of existing local) must be capital established strict rules
driven. Mobilization of local involving customary sanctions (Isna,
potential is intended to give 2007). Sanctions created by the
confidence to the community in indigenous people so that they feel

10
responsible and disciplined in full on district areas, especially the village
the capital they receive to develop of Branta Tinggi.
their business. Mental changes begging to
Of course, this program mental work is the initial target of
requires cooperation with local reducing the number of beggars in
government for more effective the village of Branta Tinggi. Next the
performance because of the development of micro Business
considerable assistance means (such should put emphasis on business
as penujang means business, formation, training, marketing and
additional capital and strengthen its network development. Because the
marketing network.) With area to biodiversity (both land and
bersinerginya formal and informal sea) and supported by adequate
institutions, which encouraged transport is indeed no doubt be
capital aid can work well and the developed further.
ideals of rural economic growth Target a begging habit pattern
based local values can be realized. changes to the routine work does
require a short time is not enough.
4. Implementation Program Reason is that it has become a habit
Implementation conducted by in the village of Branta Tinggi.
the community in developing the However, this method should be
potential of rural areas in order to dressed in the changing patterns that
overcome the Branta Tinggi beggar had formed them. At least be
should be with the involvement of supported by institutional model
the technical team and the local combined with the formulation of
government. In their activities, input in the form of local culture.
methods of sustainable As the picture below, that are
entrepreneurship is focused on expected with sustained entrepreneur
mental changes begging to mental can form a new institution, it can be
work and business development in an individual incentive to economic
the form of the establishment of activity (mental mentally begging to
Micro Business which are based on work). If institutional directs
the potential advantages Tlanakan individuals to take the right decisions

11
(such as work and production contribute to good economic
decisions), then eventually it will performance.

Figure 01. Institutional Planning and Change Become Begging Mental

Mental Work / Production
Sustainability
Entrepreneurhip
Methods

Institutional Culture and

Individual
Planning Mental
Begging

Decision Works
/ Production

Economic
Performanc
e
The decision will also affect a
person's production in developing a
network. Especially for network
development, should be viewed as a
significant factor in the response to
mental begging. At least there are
four types of network ties based on
the relationship be maintained,
including: personal and ethnic ties,
geographic proximity, organizational
integration, and the buyer and seller
relationships (Perry, 2000).
The system is properly used
in a relatively poor and beggars in
the village Branta Tinggi because of
its emphasis on the importance of
interpersonal social model and
traditional patterned gemeinschaft.
5. Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring and evaluation is
conducted as an assessment and the
achievement of the work done. This
activity should be discussed between
the technical team (the government)

12
 with the stake holders and society. management of potential areas to beg
While reviews can be done monthly in the village of Branta Tinggi of
or yearly. Here is the flow of mental sustainable entrepreneurial methods:
mitigation planning process and
Figure 02. Model Reduction and Management of Mental Culture of Begging
Regional Potential of Interlinkage between LPPM University and the Social
Service

Result Final Goal

Stage

a. An understanding of the a. Potential areas

community, particularly to be optimized
beggars b. Institutional
Social Identification b. Comprehension activities Establishment
c. Understanding problems
c. The
establishment of
Regional a. Participation SMEs and
Development b. Agreement on the purpose business
Planning of activities networks

d. Communities
a. Making formal rules empowered

Capital Approval b. The deal amounts of capital e. The poverty

and other capital assistance. rate based on
income level is
reduced

f. The number of
Implementation a. Effective Management beggars was
Program Kegiatan b. Reducing the number of reduced by up to
beggars zero percent
c. The development of the
quantity of work or business
community

Monitoring and
Evaluation Knowledge of weaknesses
and strengths

The important thing to note is

that the program should be

13
conducted regularly and
continuously in strengthening the
capacity of communities in the
village of Branta Tinggi in
implementing programs that have
been defined. Progress and tangible
results are expected in instituting an
example the approach taken in this
method into the local government
program.
5. Summary and Recomendation
5.1. Summary
From the research results
obtained can be summarized that:
1. The overwhelming economic
potential in the rural Branta
Tinggi until now not managed
properly. So that people from the
past until now still experiencing
poverty. The lack of creativity of
each individual and related
government sectors in develop
base which is the main problem
why people work as beggars.
2. Citizens prefer to be beggars
because it easier to obtain rupiahs.
Basic sector that offers a high
enough risk to make the activities
of begging as a top choice. That's
what this activity is growing and
thriving.
3. Strategy implementation of local
values is felt very appropriate to
deal with begging activity. But,
this strategy should be done by
following several separate stages,
namely: identification, planning,
provision of capital to the rural
credit system, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation.
5.2. Recommendation
1. The development of economic
potential is expected to be done in
a creative way of thought of
begging for change into
productive thought patterns.
2. The hope, changing the strategy
of begging to be productive way
of thought this should be done by
forming new examples for the
beggars are able to follow the
exemplary behavior. Surely this
must be no synergy between the
government and these examples
for this strategy can be embodied
in practice.
14
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