A Block 1st Floor 108, Suryalok Complex, Abids Hyderabad

040-23230236, Mobile : 800 800 4600

E-mail : Info@technoisystems.com Website: www.technoisystems.com

Intruder Alarm
By
Mushtaq
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 Intruder Alarm Contents
1. Where we required intruder alarm
2. Introduction
3. Types of systems
4. Closed circuit and Open Circuit
5. Central Control Unit
6. Arming and Disarming
7. Magnetic Door Contact
8. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR)
9. Glass break detector - vibration type
10. Zones
11. Information Input
12. Outputs
13. Automatic Telephone Dialler (Auto dialler)
14. Panic Alarms
15. Security / Automatic Lights
16. Power Back-up
17. Intruder Alarm Practical Lab

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Where we Required This Systems?

Jewelers Shops
Banks
Money Exchanges
Residential Apartments
Homes
Safe Places
Offices

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 Intruder alarms
Burglar (or intrusion), Fire, and safety alarms are electronic alarms designed to
alert the user to a specific danger

If you're miles away—at school, at work, or even in another country on holiday—what

can you do to stop thieves swiping everything you own? That's what intruder alarms are
for. These simple electrical circuits are designed to raise the alarm the moment they
detect anything out of the ordinary. When thieves strike, intruder alarms can make
them panic and flee empty-handed.

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 Types of Intruder alarms
Wired and wireless Wireless System
Central Control Panels can use wired, wireless, or a combination
of wired and wireless devices to communicate with sensors or
alarms. The type you use depends upon many factors such as
ease of wiring, building construction, and cost.

Wireless systems have a much higher equipment cost and require

battery changing frequently, but can be installed very quickly.
Wireless option, as the name suggests, does not require wires
running all over the house. Wireless is also good when you want
to have detectors installed in unattached garages or sheds. If you
decide to use wireless make sure that the system supervises every
transmitter for low battery transmitter health check. It is critical
to check the wireless system for a few days to verify that it works
properly and there is no interference for other electronic items.
Wireless systems normally have special checks built-in to save
from false alarms.

Wired systems are more cost effective and reliable, as long as you
can bear the inconvenience of wiring. 5 of 28
Closed circuit
An electric circuit providing an uninterrupted,
endless path for the flow of current.
A closed circuit is a kind of electric circuit in which
the path that the electrons follow forms a complete
circuit.

Open circuit

the difference of electrical potential between

two terminals of a device when there is no
external load connected

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Central Control Unit

The control panels available in the market range from small compact type which incorporates a hootter / siren
and can accommodate a few different types of Sensors (detectors) to a more advanced type which can perform
more complex functions like, automatic dialling to a phone, cellular phone and convey a pre-recorded message
informing about intrusion, in addition to or in place of, local audio visual alarm.

The advance versions also have the capability of functioning with user codes for arming and disarming and of
switching over to built-in power supply in case of power failure. Many control units also use a remote (infra-red
or Radio Frequency based) for arming or disarming of the control unit.

For larger installations that have more sensors, there is provision of Zones. Each Zone is associated with one or
more sensors e.g. one floor could be controlled by one Zone. The advantage of Different types of Zones is that
when the alarm goes off (alarm sounds), the control panel gives an indication as to which Zone has been
compromised. This way one has to only check the sensors linked to that particular zone to see where the
problem is.

Please note that many times the sensor, control unit & alarms unit may be combined in a single housing for
reducing cost or to provide easy localized, protection. However, larger systems involving multiple sensors will
invariably have a separate control unit.

Alarm control panel is the brain of your security system. It is typically placed in an area that is out of the way
like a basement, attic, closer or office. The motherboard and additional components such as radio receivers,
backup power supply and zone expanders are inside this metal box which is often locked. You will have little or
no interface with the alarm control. Your alarm technician will need to access this unit to program it and wire it
to general standards, or your custom standards

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1. Remote Keypad / Simple Set connections (up to 4)
2. Fully programmable 8 zones over 3 programs
3. Up to 2.1AH battery compartment
4. Multiple cable entry points
5. Bell / Strobe outputs
6. On-board keypad with Backlighting (Optima Variants
only)
7. On board sounder to assist local alerts / service
warning (Optima panels only)

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Arming / disarming system
Arming in a loose sense is switching on the system and disarming is disabling (switching off) the system.
These functions can be performed using a simple switch or by using a keypad in which the user is supposed to
enter a password.

In advanced systems, this may be done by an (Radio Frequency) RF remote or an Infrared remote. In cost
effective systems, this is done using a traditional key that operates an electric switch. Such key-based systems
are convenient for use by all age groups and offer more flexibility in terms of increasing number of authorized
users. Some of the systems also have a keypad in which the owner is supposed to enter the correct password to
do any arming/disarming.

The infrared remote requires that the operator of remote be in visual line of sight of the receiver that is on the
control panel, where as the Radio Frequency remote can operate the control panel from anywhere (as long as
the receiver is in the range) In addition to arming/disarming the control can support many other functions
which may not be available (or even desired) in every control panel.

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 Magnetic switch

Magnetic switches are the most common sensing devices for sensing opening and closing of doors and windows.
They are cheap and reliable.

Such sensors consist of two parts - A contact switch that is installed on the door / window frame and an
Activating magnet that is mounted on the door. The magnetic switch is held in no-alarm contact position when
door / window is kept closed. These are installed on a door or window in such a way that opening the door or
window causes the magnet to move away from the contact switch which activates the alarm. They have proved to
be a tried and tested method of monitoring any of the operable openings in the houses / apartments. These
contacts are available in variety of finishes & materials. Heavy duty versions are also available for heavy doors,
shutters and gates. The magnetic switches normally have both 'Normally open' & 'Normally Closed' contacts for
easier integration with existing systems. While installing care should be taken that alarm should go off when the
door just opens. If the sensor is wrongly placed then it is feasible that a person may be able to squeeze in without
activating the sensor. A series of such sensors can cover the whole house including every door / window /
ventilator. The Magnetic switches need to be connected to Control unit , which senses the change in the position
of door and activates an alarm.

In Wireless Systems , the principle is the same except no wires are required to connect the sensor to the Control
Unit.

In cases a window has to be left a little open for ventilation, it is made possible by using 2 magnets and 1 switch. In
this configuration the first magnet is mounted in the window closed position and the second is mounted in a
location where it will align with the switch when the window is open a few inches, typically 3 or 4 inches. This
allows for ventilation but will sound the alarm if the window is fully opened. Window or wall mounted air
conditioners and Coolers may also require protection if they can be easily removed from the opening. The
standard method used to protect these units is to install a sensor on the unit.

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Advanced version

For more sensitive control of the door, there is an advanced version

called Balanced Magnetic Switch, in which the electrical contact of
the switch is held in no-alarm condition by two magnets - one is
fixed to the door frame and the other magnet is fixed to the
corresponding position on to the door. As long as the magnetic field
remains balanced with the door firmly closed, the contacts within the
switch would be in no-alarm condition. Even with a slight movement
of the door from the door frame the magnetic field gets unbalanced
causing the Control Unit to sound an alarm. The balanced magnetic
switch is more tamper-resistant than a simple Magnetic switch but
requires higher skill and time for installation.

Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR)

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Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Sensors protect space by 'looking' for changes in infrared (heat) energy levels
caused by movement of an intruder. The passive infrared detectors are passive devices. i.e., they do not
transmit any form of energy. When a person enters and moves within the detecting zone, his body which is
at its normal temperature of 98.6 degree F., radiates more (or less) thermal energy than the surroundings
and such minute difference in thermal energy is detected by the PIR. In simple words, PIR keeps a picture of
the heat levels in its view and keeps on comparing the new view with the stored one. In case there is any
change then they activate the alarm.

PIR's come with a wide variety of detection patterns to meet various needs of indoor movement sensing.
Depending upon the type of protection needed and the size of the protection area / volume, the specific
parameters of angular and area coverage can be chosen from the vast array of PIR types available. The
standard PIR has wide angle coverage with a typical range of 20 to 30 feet. The Narrow angle PIR is for long
range covering a long and narrow corridor. The Extra wide angle PIR is for sensing movements through an
angle of 150 degrees. Then there are certain specialized PIR:
Roof counted PIR to detect movement in a circular space in the room.
Curtain type vertical pattern to detect access through windows, doors and other entry points and also to give
protection to objects hung on a wall
Curtain type horizontal pattern to detect access through ceilings or skylights
When installed outside the entrance, this may be used to warn of any one approaching the entrance. Lighting
also can be coupled to come ON automatically along with the chiming / alarming on sensing movements.
PIR's can be used as a stand-alone system (when connected with an output device) or it can also form part of
an integrated system along with other types of security devices. If PIR is used as a sensor in a larger Security
system which is controlled by a Control Unit , then the Control Unit decides about the action to be taken.

Some PIR's units have a built in key pad to enter the password for activation and deactivation. Some come
with a remote control to activate and deactivate. Such PIR’s usually have a built in alarm also, which keeps on
till it is deactivated.

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Avoiding false alarms with PIR

PIR must not point towards a heat producing source like Refrigerator, AC, heater etc. Also, while installing it
should be so positioned that the intruder cannot approach the PIR without coming in view of the PIR else he
can point the PIR elsewhere or deactivate the same without sounding the alarm. Precaution is required if
there are pets in the house. PIR's are sensitive enough to detect dogs and cats. There are special lens available
(or a tape can be put on lower part of the existing lens) so as to avoid detection close to the ground. At the
same time, it should be kept in mind that the intruder can also crawl and avoid detection. So placement and
subsequent testing of PIR's is a must to avoid false alarms.

If PIR is being installed outdoors then one must keep in mind that the large birds and even pigeons can
activate the alarm. So, it must be placed at such a location that PIR does not aims at the flight path of the
birds. Due to such restrictions it is not always possible to use a PIR outdoors but it is one of the most used
security device.

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 Glass break detector - vibration type

Glass Break Acoustic detectors "listen" for the specific sound pattern generated when glass breaks, while
Vibration type sensors "feel" for the vibration of breaking glass. The vibration type of glass break detector is
fixed on to the glass surface and is designed to respond to the specific higher frequency energies generated in
breaking glass and not to the low-frequency vibrations produced while hitting the wall.

Such sensors have lesser range of detection.

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Vibration detector
Most of the sensors detect opening of a door, window or breakage of glass or movement of human beings. But
it is equally important to detect if there is a break-in attempted through walls, ceiling or floors. This can be
detected with the help of vibration Detectors.

The detector operates on the principle of resonance of frequency. When the external impulse frequency due to
hammering or chiselling matches with the resonance frequency of the sensing element, the alarm is triggered
off. False alarms are avoided with proper setting of the intensity controller. The vibration detector can be fitted
to windows, door frames, walls, ceilings etc. A typical vibration detector is effective up to 2.5 meters depending
upon its location and the material to which it is fixed. Each detector can set to its own optimum level of
sensitivity. There should be a sensor for every 20 ft of wall accessible to the intruder. Sensitivity should be
adjusted to suit local vibration requirement.

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 Zones
Zone, in general terms represent an area or collection of sensors that protect an area. Zones allow to pinpoint the
area from where the alarm got initiated, otherwise one has to use guess-work & check all doors & windows for
intrusion. In large premises, such a feature is very desirable, though it increases the cost. Make sure that your
Central Control Panel can be expanded (or has built-in flexibility) to meet your future needs or you may be faced
with replacing the control Panel when you want to add devices.

Lets look at a typical zone layout for a control panel so that you can understand the way it is wired and
programmed works.

ZONE 1 – (DELAY): This zone is where the doors from which most often enter and exit are. When you turn
your alarm on, the exit delay will start a timer (programmed to your specifications, if requested) allowing you
time to get out. Once the exit time has expired, (usually about 30-60 seconds.) the alarm will be in the on or
“armed” condition.
When you return to your home or business and enter through the delay doors, an entry timer begins. This
timer is usually set at about 15-30 seconds. You do not want to have a long entry time as a burglar entering
through a delay zone has the same amount of time in your protected area before the alarm goes off. During
this time you would go to the nearest keypad and enter your code to turn your alarm off.
In the Know!
The doors have chime feature that can easily be turned on or off. Most people elect to leave this feature on all
this time, so that they can hear a tone when the alarm is off and someone enters.

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ZONE 2 – (INSTANT PERIMETER): This zone would be for other than delay doors. The back yard door and
the master bedroom to deck doors and good examples of these types of doors. There is no delay time timer on
these doors and when the alarm is on and entry is made the alarm will go off instantly.

ZONE 3 – (INTERIOR): This zone is for your motion detector on the main floor. When you enter through a
delay door the motion will delay also, giving you the ability to get to the keypad turn off or “disarm” your
system. If you do not enter through a delay door first and the motion sees you it will go into an alarm condition
instantly. When you are staying home or arming your business system without leaving, you can arm your
interior zone or zones allowing you to move around without restrictions while still having your perimeter
secured.

ZONE 4 – (INTERIOR): This zone is for your windows if your house is in Ground Floor and for the customers
those who are asking selectively arm or disarm certain doors / windows to protect the particular zone
specifically.

Types of Zones
Zones fall in various categories depending upon kind of response desired e.g. medical, burglary, and panic.
Each type of device could have a specific activation, alarm and response procedure. Some examples of zone
are: Hold-up zones can be audible or silent but are always active. You may choose either or both. Audible
hold-up can be used to "scare' away prowlers but care must always be exercised when activating hold-up
devices since there is no way of predicting the action an intruder may take when he hears the alarm or when
the police arrive. By connecting to an Auto Dialer the control panel can 'silently' call for help.
Burglary devices fall into various categories, 24 hour (always active), main entry door, and interior (motion
detectors) etc. While going away, you will like to monitor the premises on 24 hours basis. Whereas, if you are
at home, you might like to arm (activate) the external doors & windows but not PIR's which monitor the
interior. You may also want to selectively arm or disarm certain doors / windows.
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 Information Input

Advanced control panels have displays that may be LCD (liquid crystal
display) based or simple LED lights. They can prompt you for the required
data, such as Enter Code when the system is activated and provide a clear
visual indication of the system status. Some systems also give audible
beeps depending upon if the input has been accepted by the system or
not.

Most of the systems have built-in checks to verify the authenticity of the
person entering inputs. The key-pad based system requires the user to
enter correct password to perform any function. By giving the password to
near & dear ones, the need to have multiple keys is not these. Also, key
protection & control could be a problem in case there are many
authorized 'individuals'.

Outputs

All central control panels have some form of output or another. Most of them activate an internal and/or
external hooter. Some can also be equipped with relays that can be controlled from the Control Panel itself.
These relays can allow you to perform many functions such as AC/Heater control or as a means of
interfacing with a home automation system.

The output of control panel may be given to a Help intimation device such as an Telephone Auto Dialer.

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Automatic Telephone Dialler (Auto dialler)
The Automatic telephone dialler is an instrument that can automatically dial a fixed number of telephone
numbers and deliver a message at each of the telephone numbers, without the help of any operator. The
telephone numbers and the message can be stored by the user (in his own voice) and can be modified whenever
required. When this instrument is activated, it starts dialling the telephone numbers in sequence and delivers
the recorded message on each of the stored numbers. The system can re-dial to take care of busy numbers. The
system works on normal telephone line. It does not need a dedicated telephone line. There are two types of
Auto diallers in the market - One that uses electronic chip to record and play the voice message and the other
one uses the usual Cassette for this purpose.
The electronic chip is the preferred one on account of following:
There is no fear of jamming of the tape/
No deteriorating of performance with time because of rubber belts getting weak/
Requires very low current to operate since there are no mechanical parts nor are there any motors that require
heavier current./
Always the same quality of voice as the playing speed is not dependent of the voltage of batteries./

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Salient Features of an Auto dialer
An Auto dialer has small microcomputer that controls all functions. The emergency dialer takes priority over
all incoming phones and faxes. This implies that the dialer cannot be disabled by keeping the line busy on
which the dialer is installed. The salient features of popular Auto dialers are:
EPROM retains memory permanently
Can be activated by NO/NC contacts
Password protection to guard against unauthorized use
Test dialling facility
Can re-dial up to 3 times
Can work on Tone and Pulse telephone lines
Provision to activate external alarm if tampered (alarm system not included)
Special protection against lightning effects on telephone line
The Wired Auto dialer is connected with wires to the main control unit whereas the Wireless Auto dialer does
not use wired to connect to the Control unit. It is to be noted that in both cases the connection to the
telephone wires is by physical wires.

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Panic Alarms

Panic devices are manually activated units that you can activate if you need immediate assistance. These units can
either be silent or activate loud alarms. If you desire the silent version then you must have your system monitored.
You should bear in mind that activating these units (especially those raise an alarm) may alert the intruder to
your actions, so care must be exercised in their use.

Panic devices can be fixed buttons, portable wireless buttons, or a special combination with a keypad. A variation
on the panic device is Medical Alert. When the Panic Alarm is activated, then it can trigger off the alarm that can
scare the intruder as well as alert everyone in the house. Optionally this can be connected to an Automatic
Telephone Dialer also which can call up predefined numbers & convey pre-recorded message in your voice (to
friends or police).

Such systems are ideal to face emergency situations e.g. confrontation with intruder at night, holdups in
office/banks/homes, confrontation with a visitor at door etc. The Wireless system consists of a small hand held
transmitter unit which can optionally be worn as a pendant with a neck chain or worn as a wristwatch or simply
kept in the pocket and a receiver unit which is mounted on the ceiling/wall. At the time of an emergency, the
compact hand held units are simply operated by pressing the button or pulling off the neck chain. The signal
transmitted is picked up by the receiver unit which in turn sends it to the security personnel or any other
designated device/person.

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Alternatively, the receiver could be interfaced with an Auto dialer which can dial automatically any desired
number or the Receiver may simply activate an audible alarm. Larger version of the system provides for a multi-
channel receiver which can handle multiple transmitting signals from one or more individual transmitting
units. Each transmitter is individually coded which makes it possible to identify the initiator of the alarm and
hence the location where the incident has taken place at the receiving end. Such systems are useful for nursing
homes, apartment complexes etc. With a single multi-channel receiver, the system can be extended to cover
most of the apartments in the same / adjacent block falling within the operating range of the system. Effective
functioning of the system will give the much needed peace of mind and reassurance to all the families covered
by the system, especially to house wives and elderly couples, who live alone in unpredictable circumstances.

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Security / Automatic Lights

Security lights get switched on whenever it detects an intruder within its field of view. Such systems may be
based on PIR or Photosensitive sensors. A PIR may be connected to normal lights to make security lights
(requires technical knowledge). Security lights are very useful to scare the intruders especially if these lights
are employed in the compound or on the roof tops. When the lights are switched ON, the intruder feels that
he has been detected and the owner is trying to confirm this. Normally this will deter the intruder for making
any further attempt.

For safety and security of homes and offices specially when there is no one in the house automatic/timer based
lights are very helpful. Such lights are automatically switched on after a predefined time. Normally, it is
feasible to program these lights to switch ON or OFF at any particular time. However, if the house is going to
be alone for a long time then a thief can see that the lights are switched on or off at the time same time every
day (provided he is keeping a vigil over days). This may arise his suspicion and such a light may not be useful in
such situations.

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 Cabling for Intruder Alarm

Flexible cables normally used for the wiring of burglar alarm and other low voltage circuits.

Conductor: Tinned Annealed Copper Conductors.

Insulation: PVC.

Sheath: White PVC

Core Colours- Red, Yellow, Blue, Black

22 Gauge

Maximum Distance 500M

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Power Back-up
All controls should be equipped with sufficient battery standby to operate the system for the maximum
duration of outages you are likely to experience in your area. Do remember that the chargeable battery
deteriorates with time. The life of a chargeable battery is normally half after one year of usage and requires
replacement after 18 months. The amount of batteries needed depends upon the type and amount of
devices used and how long you want the system to function without normal electrical power.

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 Intruder Alarm Practical Lab

1. Checking Connection for Panel

2. Connection Zone One
3. Connection Zone two
4. Connection Zone Three
5. Connection for Panic button
6. Testing of PIR
7. Testing of Glass/Vibration Sensor
8. Testing of Panic Button
9. Programming time Delay for Zone one
10. Checking output sounder

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 Thank you

A Block 1st Floor 108, Suryalok Complex, Abids Hyderabad

040-23230236, Mobile : 8008004600
E-mail : Info@technoisystems.com Website: www.technoisystems.com

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