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power transformer
A static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which, by electro-
magnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current
into another system of voltage and current usually of different values and at
the same frequency for the purpose of transmitting electrical power.
ClSJlOBOii TpaHC+OpMaTOp
rny~~apy~>m~MpeaKTop
PeaKTOp IIapaJIneJIbHOrO BK,IIOYeHllH, IIpeAHa3HPfeHHbIfi AJISl KOMIIeH‘XLWIPi
eMKOCTHOT0 TOKa.
-2- 50(421) 0 CE1
(3a3eMn~loulal)AyroracRuluir peaKTop
OAHOQ>a3HbIti 3a3eMJISIOmHii peaKTOp, npeAHa3HaYeHHbIk AJM KoMueHcauHI’i
eMKOCTHOr0 TOKa OT JIHHMB K 3eMJIe IIpPI O,JHO@a3HOM 3aMbIKaHAPi Ha 3eMJIIO.
A transformer in which the magnetic circuit takes the form of columns (legs).
Notes.
1- Generally, tore-type transformers incorporate concentric windings.
2 - Since there are types of transformer which do not corne clearly within the
categories of “tore-type” and “shell-type”, the use of these terms is depre-
cated. Generally they cari be avoided by indicating the type of windings, Le.
“concentric” or “sandwich”, and/or whether or not the magnetic circuit has
unwound magnetic return paths.
50(421) 0 IEC -3-
ILlpmferaHm.
1 - 06bIYHO CTepxHeBbIe TpaHC@OpMaTOpbI IIMeIOT KOHUeHTpWIeCKlle
06MOTKPi.
MZWlfIHbIii TpZitIC<pOpMaTOp
M%YWIHbIti ,,CaKTO,,
CJ’XOfi TpaHC<pOpMZ3TOp
cyxoii peax-rop
kiKTOp, MâTHUTHaR CUCTeMB U 06MOTKa KOTOpOrO He IIOI’pjGKteHbI B XUAKUii
AU3JICKTpUK.
50(421) 0 CE1
sealed transformer
A transformer which is non-breathing, that is, SO sealed that there cari be no
significant interchange between its contents and the external atmosphere.
Notes.
f - In the case of oil-immersed transformers, these may or may not have a
cushion of air (or other gas).
2- Sealed transformers fa11 into two categories :
a) transformers in which the total volume of oil, together with air (or other
gas), or any combination thereof, remains constant over the temperature
range.
b) transformers in which the total volume of oil, air (or other gas), or any
combination thereof, varies over the temperature range and this variation is
accommodated by a sealed flexible container or a flexible membrane.
U2pMeTWlHbIti TpZUlC<pOpMaTOp
sealed reactor
A reactor which is non-breathing, that is, SO sealed that there cari be no
significant interchange between its contents and the external atmosphere.
Notes.
1 - In the case of oil-immersed reactors, these may or may not have a cushion
of air (or other gas).
2- Sealed reactors fa11 into two categories :
a) reactors in which the total volume of oil, together with air (or other gas),
or any combination thereof, remains constant over the temperature range.
b) reactors in which the total volume of oil, air (or other gas), or any
combination thereof, varies over the temperature range and this variation is
accommodated by a sealed flexible container or a flexible membrane.
rephrerurubru peaurop
PeaKTop, KOTOpbIii BbInOJIHeH TaK, YTO ACKJIH3YaeTCR B03MOX(HOCTb
coo6weHxx MeHcAy er0 BHyTpeHHHM npOCTpaHCTBOM II OKpy~aKUeti
cpenok
421-01-23 bobine d’inductance de type sec à enroulement non encapsulé Trockendrosselspule aufier
Bobine d’inductance de type sec dont l’enroulement n’est pas encapsulé dans GieBharzdrosselspule
une isolation solide. reactancia de tipo seco con arrollamientos
no cubiertos
reattore a secco con awolgimento non
non-encapsulated-winding dry-type reactor
incapsulato
A dry-type reactor having its winding non-encapsulated with solid insulation. droge spoel met niet-omslotea wikkelingen
dlawik suchy bez uzwojenia w izolacji
CyXOü PeaKTOp C 06MOTKOü, He IlOKpbITOü o6onomoü monolitycznej
CyXOn peaKTOp, 06MOTKa KOTOpOrO He MMeeT nOKpbITIIR II3 TBepAOrO .....
n30nxunoHHoro MaTepnana.
nnHCüHb1~ BblBOA
CeTIL
neutral terminal
a) For polyphase transformers or reactors and polyphase banks of single-
phase transformers or reactors :
The terminal(s) connected to the common point (the neutral point) of a
star-connected or zigzag-connected winding.
b) For single-phase transformers or reactors :
The terminal intended for connection to a neutral point of a network.
50(421) 0 IEC -9-
OAHOl4MeHHbIe BbIBOAbI
winding
The assembly of turns forming an electric circuit associated with one of the
voltages assigned to the transformer or to the reactor.
Note. - For a polyphase transformer or polyphase reactor, the “winding” is
the combination of the phase windings.
06MOTKa
06MOTKa f&K%bI
o6MOTKaHW3meroHanpBateHnB(TpaHCf$OpMaTOpa)
06MOTKa, HMeIOIIlaR HaHMeHbLUee HOMPiHaJbHOe Hanpn~eHPïe.
06MOTKacpeauero HanpBuceBnB(TpaHC@OpMaTOpa)
06MOTKa MHOl-006MOTOYHOr0 TpaHC@OpMaTOpa, HOMAHanbHOe HanpSDKeHHe
KOTOPOti IIBJIReTCII IIPOMe~YTOYHblM MeXAY BbICUIBM II HI13UlHM
HOMBHanbHblM HanpGKeHPIeM.
BTOpA=lHafl
06MOTua (TpaHC@OpMaTOpa)
06MOTKa, KOTOpaR B yCJIOBWX 3KCIIJlyaTaLW4 IIOAaeT aKTBBHYH) MOWHOCTb
B qenb narpysxa.
BCnOMOraTeJlbnaB
o6MOTua
06MOTKa, npeAHa3HaqeHHaR ,IUIR HarPY3KA, KOTOPaR CyIUeCTBeHHO MeHbllIe
HOMHHanbHOk MOIUHOCTII TpaHC@OpMaTOpa.
50(421) 0 IEC - 11 -
uoMneHCaunoHHano6MOTKa
flOIIOJIHI4TeJIbHaÇI 06MOTKa, COeARHeHHaX B TpeyrOnbHHK, CIleIUiaJIbHO
npenna3nasennaa Ana rparic@opkraropoa COcxeMoYr"3Be3na - 3sesna" Iwm
"ssesna - 3m-3arU, c uenbm cHmKemm nonuoro conpoT~BnemI2 HyneBoa
nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTII 06MOTKkI,COe~MHeHHOti B 3Be3Ay.
IlOCJleAOBaTCJlbHaR 06MOTKa
06MoTKa Bo36yx~eHnfl
KOHueHTpu=IeCKue 06MOTKn
sepe~yfonmeca O~MOTKU
HOMUHaJlbHiWl YBCTOTB
rated power
A conventional value of apparent power, establishing a basis for the design
of a transformer, a shunt reactor or an arc-suppression coil, the manufactur-
er’s guarantees and the tests, determining a value of the rated current that may
be carried with rated voltage applied, under specified conditions.
Note. - Both windings of a two-winding transformer have the same rated
power, which by definition is the rated power of the transformer. For
multi-winding transformers the rated power for each of the windings may
differ.
HOMAHi3JlbHafl MO”,HOCTb
421-04-05 courant assigné (d’un enroulement de transformateur ou d’une bobine d’in- Bemessungsstrom (einer Wicklung eines
ductance shunt) Transformators oder einer
Courant arrivant à une borne de ligne d’un enroulement, obtenu en divisant Drosselspule)
la puissance assignée de l’enroulement par la tension assignée de cet enroule- corriente asignada (de un arrollamiento de
ment et par un facteur de phase approprié. un transformador o de una reactancia
shunt)
correnté nominale (di un avvolgimento di
rated current (of a winding of a transformer or shunt reactor)
trasformatore o di reattore in
The current, flowing through a line terminal of a winding, derived by dividing derivazione)
the rated power of the winding by the rated voltage of the winding and by an t oegekende stroom (van een wikkeling van
appropriate phase factor. een transformator of een
laadstroomcompensatiespoel)
HOMUHaJlbHblk TOK (06MOTKII TpaHC@OpMaTOpa I?IIE~ InyHTMpyIomero prqd znamionowy (uzwojenia
peaKTopa) transformatora lub dlawika
TOK, nOABOAPfMbIti K JInHeYiHOMy BbIBOAy 06MOTKH, II OnpeAenReMbIti no
bocznikujacego)
HOMEiHanbHOfi MOIJHOCTEI OGMOTKII, ee HOMHHa,IbHOMy HanpSKeHPIIO A
miirkstrtim (for lindning)
COOTBeTCTByIOmeMy MHO)KIITenIO, yq&ITbIBaFOmeMy YBC,IO ,$aJ.
Courant permanent dans le neutre pour lequel l’appareil est conçu, lorsqu’il
est alimenté à tension et fréquence assignées.
OTBeTBJWHUe 06MOTKU
tapping factor
The ratio U,/ U, (tapping factor) or 100 U,/ U, (tapping factor expressed as
a percentage)
where :
U, is the rated voltage of the winding
U, is the voltage which would be developed at no-load at the terminals of the
winding, connected on the tapping concerned, by applying rated voltage to an
untapped winding.
Note. - The tapping factor expresses the relative value of the “effective
number of turns” of the tapped winding at the relevant tapping, the basis 1
being the effective number of turns of this winding at the principal tapping.
K03@,,UI,HeHT OTB‘?TB.W3U,fl
CTyneHb perynUpoBaHua
tapping range
The variation range of the tapping factor expressed as a percentage, compared
with the value “ 100”.
Note. - If this factor ranges from 100 + a to 100 -b, the tapping range is
saidtobe: +a%-b%or +a%ifa=b.
flMana3oa peryauposaaus
,@ElIEl3OH B3MeHeHUSI K03@@UueHTa OTBeTBJIeHUR, BbIpa~eHHOrO B
npouearax, no oruomemno K mcny “100”.
riprfhfeyarfrfe. - EC~U ~TOT Ko3+@uuueHT u3MeHIIeTCII OT lOO+ a no 100-b,
nuana30u perynupouauus abtpa~aerca. +a%,-b% unu +a%, ecnu a=b.
PGiWM OTBeTB.JK?Hllfl
tapping quantities
Those quantities the numerical values of which detïne the tapping duty. The
tapping quantities include for each winding and for each tapping :
a) a tapping voltage,
b) a tapping power,
c) a tapping current.
Note. - Tapping quantities are related to a given tapping connection of the
transformer and apply therefore to any winding, including any untapped
winding.
BCAWVUHblOTB‘?TB.W?HBfl
a) HaIIpRxteHIJe OTBeTBneHBZ4,
6) MOlUHOCTb OTBeTBJIeHPïR,
B) TOK OTBeTBJIeHHSI.
no-load loss
The active power absorbed when a given voltage at rated frequency is applied
to the terminals of one of the windings, the other winding(s) being open-
circuited.
Note. - Normally the applied voltage is the rated voltage and the energized
winding, if fitted with tappings, is connected on its principal tapping.
no-load current
The current flowing through a line terminal of a winding when a given voltage
is applied at rated frequency, the other winding(s) being open-circuited.
Notes.
1 - Normally the applied voltage is the rated voltage and the energized
winding, if tïtted with tappings, is connected on its principal tapping.
2 - The no-load current of a winding is often expressed as a percentage of
the rated current of the same winding.
load loss
a) of two-winding transformers (for the principal tapping):
The active power absorbed at rated frequency when rated current is flowing
through the line terminal(s) of one of the windings, the terminals of the other
winding being short-circuited, and any winding fitted with tappings being
connected on its principal tapping.
b) of multi-winding transformers, related to a certain pair of windings (for the
principal tapping):
The active power absorbed at rated frequency when a current flows through
the line terminal(s) of one of the windings of the pair, corresponding to the
smaller of the rated power values of both windings of that pair, the terminals
of the other winding of the same pair being short-circuited, any winding of the
pair tïtted with tappings being connected on its principal tapping and the
remaining winding(s) being open-circuited.
Notes.
f - The load loss cari also be considered for tappings other than the principal
tapping. The reference current of two-winding transformers is, for any tap-
ping, equal to the tapping current. For multi-winding transformers, the
reference current or reference power are related to a specified loading
combination.
2 - The load loss is normally related to the appropriate reference tempera-
ture.
50(421) 0 IEC -2l-
total losses
The sum of the no-load loss and the load 10s~.
Note. - For multi-winding transformers, the total losses refer to a specifïed
loading combination.
TpaHC@OpMaTOpa.
421-07-01 tension de court-circuit à courant assigné (pour la prise principale) Bemessungs-Kurzschlugspannung (fiir die
a) d’un transformateur à deux enroulements: Hauptanzapfung)
tension de cortocircuito a la corriente
Tension à la fréquence assignée qu’il est nécessaire d’appliquer entre les asignada (para la toma principal)
bornes de ligne d’un enroulement d’un transformateur polyphasé ou les tensione di corto circuito a corrente
bornes d’un enroulement d’un transformateur monophasé, pour y faire nominale (per la presa principale)
circuler le courant assigné quand les bornes de l’autre enroulement sont mises kortsluitspanning bij toeg&en& stroom
421-07-03 chute ou augmentation de tension pour une condition de charge spécifiée Spannungstinderung hei einer hestimmten
Différence arithmétique entre la tension à vide d’un enroulement et la tension Belastung
en charge aux bornes du même enroulement pour un courant de charge et un caida o aumento de tension para una
facteur de puissance spécifiés, la tension appliquée à l’autre (ou à l’un des condition de carga especificada
autres) enroulement(s) étant égale : caduta (o aumento) di tensione per una
condizione di carico snecificata
- à sa Valeur assignée, si le transformateur est connecté sur la prise PrinCipale spanningsdaling of +e&ging
(la tension à vide du premier enroulement étant alors égale à sa valeur (-verandering) hij een bepaalde
assignée)
- ; belastinustoestand
- à la tension de prise si le transformateur est connecté sur une autre prise. spadek (lub wzrost) napigcia w okreslonych
warunkach obciaienia
Cette différence s’exprime généralement sous la forme d’un pourcentage de sphningshdring
la tension à vide du premier enroulement.
Note. - Pour les transformateurs à plus de deux enroulements, la chute OU
l’augmentation de tension dépend non seulement de la charge et du facteur
de puissance de l’enroulement lui-même, mais aussi de la charge et du facteur
de puissance des autres enroulements.
421-09-01 tension la plus élevée pour le matériel U, (relative à un enroulement de hochste Spannung fiir Betriebsmittel U,
transformateur ou de bobine d’inductance) (bezogen auf eine Transformator- oder
Valeur,efficace la plus haute de la tension entre phases pour laquelle un Drosselspulenwicklung)
enroulement de transformateur ou de bobine d’inductance est conçu en ce qui tension mas elevada para el material U,
concerne son isolation. (relativa a un arrollamiento de
transformador o de reactancia)
Note. - U,, est la valeur maximale de la tension la plus élevée d’un réseau tensione massima relativa ad un
auquel l’enroulement peut être connecté, compte tenu de son isolation. awolgimento di trasformatore o di
reattore U,
highest voltage for equipment U, (applicable to a transformer or reactor
hoogste spanning U, waarvoor het toestel is
winding)
ontworpen (toegepast op een wikkeling
The highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage for which a transformer or reactor van een transformator of van een spoel)
winding is designed in respect of its insulation. napigcie najwyisze urzqdzenia - U,
Note. - U, is the maximum value of the highest voltage of a system to which (odniesione do uzwojenia
the winding may be connected, in respect of its insulation. transformatora lub dlawika)
konstruktionsspanning
HautBonbmee pa6oree HanpmtreHue U, (06MOTKH TpaHcf$opMaTopa mm
peaKTopa)
421-09-04 isolation non uniforme d’un enroulement (d’un transformateur ou d’une bobine abgestufte Isolation einer Wicklung (eines
d’inductance) Transformators oder einer
Isolation d’un enroulement de transformateur ou de bobine d’inductance Drosselspule)
dont une extrémité est prévue pour être connectée directement ou indirecte- aislamiento no uniforme de un
ment à la terre, et qui est conçu avec un niveau d’isolement plus bas affecté arrollamiento (de un transformador o de
à cette extrémité de terre ou de neutre. una reactancia)
isolamento non uniforme di un awolgimento
non-uniform insulation of a winding (of a transformer or of a reactor) (di trasformatore o di reattore)
getrapte wikkelingisolatie (van een
The insulation of the winding of a transformer or of a reactor when it has an transformator of van een spoel)
end intended for direct or indirect connection to earth and is designed with izelacja uzwojenia stopniowana
a lower insulation level assigned to this earth or neutral winding end. (transformatora lub dlawika)
graderad isolation
uenofiuafl U30JlR4UR HeïiTpaJlli O~MOTKU (TpaHCIjIOpMaTOpa Unu peaaropa)
&‘iJOJIHuUH 06MOTKU TpaHC@OpMaTOpa UJIU peaKTOpa, OAUH KOHeII KOTOpOil
npeAHa3HaYeU Ann npaMor0 WI13 KOCBBHHOTO 3a3CMJlCHIIfl H KOTOPBR
paccw-raaa Ha 6onee HU3KUI% ypOBeHb u30nmIuu 3Toro 3a3eMnRH3mero
Kouua UnU HelTpanU.
star connection
Y connection (USA)
wye connection (USA)
The winding connection SO arranged that one end of each of the phase
windings of a polyphase transformer or reactor, or of each of the windings for
the same rated voltage of single-phase transformers or reactors associated in
a polyphase bank, is connected to a common point, i.e. the neutral point, and
the other end to its appropriate line terminal.
5Ot421) 0 IEC - 27 -
zigzag connection
The winding connection in which one end of each phase winding of a
polyphase transformer or reactor is connected to a common point, Le. the
neutral point, and each phase winding consists of two parts in which
phase-displaced voltages are induced.
Note. - These two parts normally have the same number of turns.
coegeaenHe 3nr3aroM
COeAEIHeHPIe OGMOTOK, npa KOTOPOM OAliH KoHeII KaxAOti 06MOTKII @a3bI
MHOrOQ>a3HOrO TpaHC@OpMaTOpa ILIIPI peaKTOpa IIpIWOeAnHeH K o6meii
TOYKe, HeiTpa,IH, II KaxAafl 06MOTKa @a3bI COCTOMT H3 ABYX YaCTe& B
KOTOpbIX HaBeAeHbI CABHHyTbIe n0 @a3e HaJIlpSIXeHHFI.
cxeMa CxoI-ra
Cnoco6 COeAEIHCHMR 06MOTOK ABYX OAHO@3HbIX TPaHC@OPMaTOPOB,
IIO3BOnnKllJJHii IIpeO6pa30BbIBaTb TpeX&t3HyEO CPICTeM)’ HanpRHteHHfi B
AByX@3H,W CUCTeMy IUIH HaO6OpOT.
cxeMa JIeGAaHa
Cnoco6 COeAPIHCHHZ4 06MOTOK OAHOTO Tp‘ZX@a3HOrO TpaHC@OpMaTOpa,
IIO3BOJIZSCWIGi IIpeO6pEl30BbIBaTb Tpt?X+l3H)‘IO CkïCTCMY HZiIIpHlKKeHHti B
AB)‘X@i3H)‘IO CkICTeMy ElJIli HaO6OpOT.
phase displacement
phase difference (for a transformer)
The angular difference between the phasors representing the voltages between
the neutral point (real or imaginary) and the corresponding terminals of two
windings, a positive-sequence voltage system being applied to the high-
voltage terminals, following each other in alphabetical sequence if they are
lettered, or in numerical sequence if they are numbered. The phasors are
assumed to rotate in a counter-clockwise sense.
50(421) 0 IEC - 29 -
421-10-08 CMeIIIeHue
@3(AJTFITpaHC@OpMaTOpa)
YCnOBHoe0603HaYeHHecnoco6oBCOeAIIHeHII~O6MOTOKBblCILIerO,CpeAHerO
II w43Ulero HanpsHtennn, a raroxe nx (ornocnrenbnbtx) cïvïemeeal @as
6yKBaMH PI YHCJIOM 'iaCOB.
U36UpaTenb
KOHTBIETOP
nepeKnmqa-renb aarpy3Ka
KOMMyTauUOHHOe YCTPOUCTBO, cnoco6Hoe IIpOIIyCKaTb, BKnIOYaTb U
OTKnIOYaTb TOKU,COBMemas (PyHKuUU a36nparenn II KOHTaKTOpa.
transition impedance
A resistor or reactor consisting of one or more units bridging the tapping in
use and the tapping next to be used, for the purpose of transferring load from
one tapping to the other without interruption or appreciable change in the
load current, at the same time limiting the circulating current for the period
that both tappings are used.
TOKOO~paHlWrtBFSOllfllii WleMeHT
IlpUBOAHOIï MeXaHU3M
KOHTaKTHaa rpynna
napa KOHTaKTOB HJIU KOM6UHaUUR nap OTAeJIbHblX WnOABATHbIX H
nOABWKHbIX KOHTaKTOB, pa6oraromnx npaKTUYeCKU OAHOBP’SCHHO.
I-JIaBHbIe KOHTaKTbI
IlOMe~yTOWble KOHTaKTbI
sMpKynepyioqal TOK
KOMMJ’TUPJ“?MbIü TOK
BoccTaaannllnatomeecn uanpaxealte
Hanprnxemie IIpOMbIUIneHHOii YaCTOTbI, KOTOpOe IIOllBnleTCR Ha BbIBOAaX
KaxAOti rpynnbI rnaBHbIX nepeKnwiaK>rrrux unu IIpOMe)f(yTOYHbIX
KOHTaKTOB KOHTaKTOpa U,IU nepeKJlIOWTe,IR Harpy3KU nOCne TOrO, KaK UMU
IIpepBaH KOMMyTupyeMMii TOK.
onepauns nepeKntoreHufl
nonHbIii npouecc nepeKnwieHu5I OT ua4ana A0 3asepmeHufl nepeK.moYeHun
CKB03HOrO TOKa OT OAHOrO OTBeTBneHUR 06MOTKU Ha CneAymuee
OTBeTBneHUe.
421-11-16 UUK~nepeKnmsetmn
ABUXKeHUe J’CTpOüCTBa nepeKnmUeHua OTBeTBneHUii 06MOTOK
yrca3aTenb nono~enufl
SeKTpurecKoe, MexaHwiecKoe wni 3neKTpoMexaHmecKoe yc~pofic~~o,
cnyxarrreennrr onpeneneam nonoXemia ycTpolcTsa nepeKnwieHm.
ICOH‘?Wblfi BblKJ,,OYaTW,b
421-12-11 pyruoeynpaeneeue3netxponpusonoM