A Report On Structural Analysis of Roof Truss: 1. General Data and Load Calculation

23/12/2020
A Report on Structural analysis of Roof Truss

1. GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION
1.1 Introduction
This report has been prepared as a part of the structural engineering analysis and design
of the Commercial building.
The planned building is single story tall building with roof truss. The functional parameters
relevant to the design of the facilities would comprise those related to the user’s requirement
and guided by the design standards via the standard norms, standards bye -laws and
municipal bye - laws. Architectural and Planning design criteria has been made with the
consultation of different experts such as Architect, Planner and Structural Engineer etc.
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are computer
aided by the Structural analysis and design software called ETABS Ultimate Version 18.1.1 It
provides the Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze,
design, and optimize the structural elements in a building model.
Based on the final results, the designs have been performed and drawings were prepared
using AutoCAD.
1.2 Building Design Parameters

Nepal is a country that lies in highly seismic zone between collisions of Indian to the Eurasian
plate and moving continuously about 2 cm per year resulting devastating earthquakes within
this region. It is one of the countries where the earthquakes are frequent and sometimes very
devastating. Himalayan range with the world’s highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift.
As a result, Nepal is very active seismically.
Reinforced concrete buildings may fail due to the either columns are overstressed and burst
due to lack of enough strength to resist the shock of the earth tremor and vibration or failure
of reinforced concrete members like beams at the poor ductile detailing. Columns also do fail
due to short column effect and splicing failure. Beams fail due to anchorage failure, shear
failure and confinement failure.
The building consists of an RCC frame structure, which is essentially an assembly of cast-in-
situ-concrete beams and columns. Floors and roof design consist of cast-in-place concrete
slabs. Therefore, the member sizes or structural elements, reinforcement details, joint details
are considered during design process such that to meet the design standards for ductile
performance of the structure.
For the design of the building, the Indian Standard criteria for earthquake resistant design IS
1893:2002 have been referred. According to the IS Code, the seismic zone for Kathmandu has
been taken falling in Zone V with very severe seismic intensity (zone factor Z = 0.36) and
accordingly all other parameters like spectral coefficient (Sa/g) and tremor response period
or fundamental natural period (T) were calculated. After that all design requirements such as
seismic weight of building, lateral forces at different floor levels and different column heads,
base shear, distribution of design forces to different floor levels are considered.
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The characteristic compressive strength for concrete of 20 N/mm2 (M20) was used in all
structural members and characteristic strength of 500 N/mm2 (Fe500) was used for
reinforcing steel. And Fe 250 MS steel is used as the steel structures members.
Design Parameters
ARCHITECTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Types of building Mini Mart

Types of structural system Steel tube column with Roof Truss
Number of stories Single Storey
Design provision for future extension No
Ground Story Height 3.65m
Total height of the Building 3.65 + 0.914truss
Least lateral base dimension of the building 11.23 m
Height to least lateral base dimension ratio 0.325
External wall/ some internal wall Brick Outer wall 9”
CONSTRUCTION SITE
LOCATION Pepsicola Kathmandu
Soil type Type II (Medium Soil)
Bearing capacity 80KN/m2
DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS
Slab thickness No Slab
Rafter ISB 66X33X2.6mm

Vertical Post ISB 100x100x6 mm
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Cement Ordinary Portland cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear
reinforcement
ASSESSMENT OF UNIT LOADS OF MATERIALS
DENSITY OF MATERIALS
Reinforced concrete 25 KN/m3
ASSESSMENT OF LIVE LOAD

Unit loads on floor
Roof (Live) 0.75 KN/m2 (IS 875 Part2)
CGI Sheet 0.13 KN/m2 (IS 875 Part1)
METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Analysis method adopted for EQ resistant design : Equivalent Static Method
Level of design : Professionally engineered structure
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Design Parameters
Length of Truss : 31.45 m
Span of Truss including overhanging part : 11.23 m
Height of truss : 4.572 m
Truss Material : Steel of Grade Fe250
No of truss : 10 nos.
Distance between trusses : 3.49m
Truss angle (θ) = : 9.13 degree
Wind Load Consideration (As per IS 875 Part 3):
(Please Refer to design Sheet provided at the end of Report)
Methodology for analysis.
The truss was analyzed using structural analysis software ETABS Ultimate Version 18.1.1. First the
truss was modelled and the material was defined as Fe 250. Then the Load patterns were defined as
1. Wind load Lateral 0 deg (In X & Y axis)

2. Wind load Lateral 90 deg (In X & Y axis)
3. Dead Load (for Self-Weight of The Truss)
4. Live Load
Then the load patterns were automatically generated by the software ETABS Ultimate version 18.1.1
as per IS 875 Part 3. Then the wind loads were applied on the purlins as distributed load and the
lateral wind loads were applied by the software on 0 and 90 deg angle.
The section defined were as follows.
For purlins – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6 mm (Square Hollow Section)
For Bracing – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6 mm (Square Hollow Section)
For Top Rafter ISB 66X33X2.6 mm (Rectangular Hollow Section)
Bottom Rafter– ISB 88.9x88.9x4.9 mm (Square Hollow Section)
Vertical as well as diagonal struts – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6mm (Square Hollow Section)
Vertical Post: ISB 100X100X6 mm (Square Hollow Section)
Then the model was analyzed, then designed and finally verified whether all members passed or not.
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List of Figures
1. 3D View of Truss Model
Fig: 3d View
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Fig: Elevation view 1-1
Fig: Elevation view A-A

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2. Loads applied
Fig: CGI sheet Load
Fig: Live Load

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3. Structural Output
Fig: All steel section Passed 3D View
Fig: Design of Structural Members in 3D View (DCR Ration <1.0, All Passed)
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Fig: Shear Force & Bending Moment Diagram of Frame at Grid 1.
EQx Response EQy Response
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Wx Leeward Wx Windward
Wy Leeward Wy Windward
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Fig: Base Reaction

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IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQx according
to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = X
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.2] g g
Equivalent Lateral Forces
Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear
Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.542 180.4319 16.2389
Applied Story Forces
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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story2 4.572 7.9221 0
Story1 3.6576 8.3168 0
Base 0 0 0
IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern EQy according
to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity
Direction = Y
Structural Period
Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated
Factors and Coefficients
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Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II
Seismic Response
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa 1.36 Sa

= = 2.056281
6.4.2] g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces
Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear
Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.661 180.4319 13.3567
Applied Story Forces
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Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story2 4.572 0 6.516
Story1 3.6576 0 6.8406
Base 0 0 0
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Isolated Footing
1 Footing Size Design
Load Pu 48 KN
Design Load P 32 KN
Moment in x dir Mux 2 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy -9 KN-m
Column size cx 300 mm

cy 300 mm
SBC q 80 KN/sqm
Footing Size required A req 0.44 sqmm
L 1.53 meters
Footing Size Provided
B 1.53 meters
Area Provided A prvd 2.34 meters
Zx 0.60
Zx 0.60
Net upward pressure Nup 6 KNm2
Footing Size OK
2 Slab Design
lx 0.615
ly 0.615
Bending Moment in x dir Mx 2 KN-m

Bending Moment in y dir My 2 KN-m
Concrete fck 20 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa
Minimum Depth Required dmin 25
Depth Provided D 400 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 56 mm
Effective Depth d' 344 mm
Area of Steel Spacing c/c in mm

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12# 16# 20#

413 sqmm 274 c/c 487 c/c 761 c/c
413 sqmm 274 c/c 487 c/c 761 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion
Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm

Ast across y direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
3 One Way Shear along x direction
Vu1 4 KN
ζv 0.007 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 137 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
4 One Way Shear along y direction
Vu1 4 KN
ζv 0.007 MPa
ζc 0.260 MPa
Vc1 137 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 17 KN
ζv 0.019 MPa
ks*ζc 1.118 MPa

Vc1 991 KN
Two Way Shear Check OK
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ETABS Steel Frame Design (Column)

IS 800:2007 Steel Section Check (Strength Summary)
Element Details (Part 1 of 2)

Level Element Unique Name Location (mm) Combo Design Type
Story1 C98 45 1784.4 UDStlS17 Column

Element Type Section Classification Rolled
Special Moment Frame ISB 100X100X6 C Class 1 No
Design Code Parameters

ɣM0 ɣM1 An /Ag LLRF PLLF Stress ratio Limit
1.1 1.25 1 0.78 0.75 0.95
Section Properties
A (cm²) Izz (cm⁴) rzz (mm) Ze,zz (cm³) Av,z (cm²) Zp,zz (cm³) Iyz (cm⁴) It (cm⁴)
22.6 333.6 38.5 66.7 11.3 79.6 0 498.4
J (cm⁴) Iyy (cm⁴) ryy (mm) Ze,yy (cm³) Av,y (cm²) Zp,yy (cm³) Iw (cm⁶) h (mm)
498.4 333.6 38.5 66.7 11.3 79.6 100
Material Properties
J (cm⁴) Iyy (cm⁴) ryy (mm)
498.4 333.6 38.5
E (MPa) fy (MPa) fu (MPa)

210000 250 410
Stress Check Forces and Moments
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Location (mm) N (kN) Mzz (kN-m) Myy (kN-m) Vy (kN) Vz (kN) To (kN-m)
1784.4 -40.08 0.706 -0.0641 -2.5324 0.0037 0.0179
PMM Demand/Capacity (D/C) Ratio 9.3.2.2(a)
D/C Ratio = P / Pdy + Ky * Cmy * (My,span / Mdy; ) + KLT *

(Mz,span / Mdz; )
0.569 = 0.28 + 0.004 + 0.285
Basic Factors
Buckling Mode K Factor L Factor L Length (mm) KL/r
Major (z-z) 1.121 0.976 3568.7 104.028
Major Braced 0.555 0.976 3568.7 51.537
Minor (y-y) 1.588 0.976 3568.7 147.392
Minor Braced 0.662 0.976 3568.7 61.406
LTB 1.588 0.976 3568.7 147.392
Axial Force Design

N Force Td Capacity Nd Capacity Pdy Capacity Pz Capacity Pd Capacity
kN kN kN kN kN kN
Axial -40.08 512.7273 512.7273 143.037 236.9411 143.037
Tdg Tdn Ncr,T Ncr,TF An /Ag N /Nd

kN kN kN kN Unitless Unitless
512.7273 665.9712 136107.0056 215.234 1 0.078
Design Parameters for Axial Design

Curve α fcc (MPa) λ Φ χ fcd (MPa)
Major (z-z) c 0.49 191.52 1.143 1.384 0.462 105.03
MajorB (z-z) c 0.49 780.32 0.566 0.75 0.805 183.03
Minor (y-y) c 0.49 95.41 1.619 2.158 0.279 63.4
MinorB (y-y) c 0.49 549.67 0.674 0.844 0.74 63.4
Torsional TF c 0.49 95.41 1.619 2.158 0.279 63.4
Moment Designs (Part 1 of 2)

M Moment Mspan Moment Md(yield) Capacity Mdv Capacity
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major (z-z) 0.706 5.2247 18.0982 18.0982
Minor (y-y) -0.0641 -0.0708 18.0982 18.0982

Mnd Capacity Md(LTB) Capacity
kN-m kN-m
18.0982 18.0982
18.0982
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Curve αLT λLT ΦLT χLT C1 Mcr (kN-m)

LTB c 0.49 0.158 0.502 1 2.7 794.7117
Cmy Cmz CmLT kz ky KLT My / Mdy Mz / Mdz α1 α2

Factors 0.925 0.4 0.4 1.036 1.05 0.989 -0.004 0.039 1.672 1.672
Shear Design
V Force (kN) Vd Capacity (kN) To Capacity (kN-m) Stress Ratio Status Check
Major (y) 2.5324 148.0115 0.0179 0.017 OK
Minor (z) 0.0037 148.0115 0.0179 2.518E-05 OK
Shear Design
Vp (kN) kv (Unitless) ΛW (Unitless) Τb (MPa)
Reduction 148.0115 0 0 1
ETABS Steel Frame Design (Bottom chord)


Story1 B176 459 1122.6 UDStlS30 Beam

Special Moment Frame ISB 88.9X88.9X4.9 Class 1 No
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1.1 1.25 1 1 0.75 0.95
Section Properties
16.5 194.3 34.4 43.7 8.2 51.9 0 290.4
290.4 194.3 34.4 43.7 8.2 51.9 88.9
Section Properties --- Unsymmetric Sections (Part 1 of 2)

Iyz (cm⁴) Imax (cm⁴) Imin (cm⁴) Ze,max (cm³) Ze,min (cm³) rmax (mm)
0 194.3 194.3 43.7 43.7 34.4
Section Properties --- Unsymmetric Sections (Part 2 of 2)

rmin (mm) α (deg)
34.4 90
Material Properties
E (MPa) fy (MPa) fu (MPa) Rotation; (deg)
210000 250 410 90

1122.6 -42.882 -0.0143 -0.0117 -3.8312 -0.035 0.0492

(Mz,span / Mdz; )
0.835 = 0.479 + 0.006 + 0.351
Basic Factors
Major (z-z) 1 0.955 1072.6 31.224
Major Braced 1 0.955 1072.6 31.224
Minor (y-y) 1 4.955 5562.9 161.942
Minor Braced 1 4.955 5562.9 161.942
LTB 1 4.955 5562.9 161.942
Axial Force Design

kN kN kN kN kN kN
Axial -42.882 374.1818 374.1818 89.5166 346.9135 89.5166
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374.1818 486.0173 99395.6249 130.1175 1 0.115

Major (z-z) c 0.49 2125.91 0.343 0.594 0.927 210.71
MajorB (z-z) c 0.49 2125.91 0.343 0.594 0.927 210.71
Minor (y-y) c 0.49 79.03 1.779 2.468 0.239 54.37
MinorB (y-y) c 0.49 79.03 1.779 2.468 0.239 54.37
Torsional TF c 0.49 79.03 1.779 2.468 0.239 54.37

kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major (z-z) -0.0143 -4.1892 11.8001 11.8001
Minor (y-y) -0.0117 -0.0491 11.8001 11.8001

kN-m kN-m
11.8001 11.8001
11.8001

LTB c 0.49 0.199 0.52 1 1.875 327.612

Factors 1 0.601 1 1.018 1.383 0.987 -0.001 -0.001 1.685 1.685
Shear Design
Major (y) 3.8312 108.0169 0.0492 0.035 OK
Minor (z) 0.035 108.0169 0.0492 3.236E-04 OK
Shear Design
Reduction 108.0169 0 0 1
End Reaction Major Shear Forces

Left End Reaction (kN) Load Combo Right End Reaction (kN) Load Combo
6.9987 UDStlS34
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ETABS Steel Frame Design (Purlin)


Story2 B44 269 3468.9 UDStlS20 Beam

Special Moment Frame ISB49.5X49.5X3.6 Class 1 Yes

1.1 1.25 1 1 0.75 0.95
Section Properties
6.3 21.4 18.5 8.7 3.1 8.7 0 35.8
35.8 21.4 18.5 8.7 3.1 8.7 49.5
Material Properties
J (cm⁴) Iyy (cm⁴) ryy (mm)
35.8 21.4 18.5
E (MPa) fy (MPa) fu (MPa)

210000 250 410
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3468.9 -3.193 -0.0934 0.0039 0.1243 -0.0002 0.0023

(Mz,span / Mdz; )
0.155 = 0.105 + 0.002 + 0.048
Basic Factors
Major (z-z) 1 0.986 3444.1 186.486
Major Braced 1 0.986 3444.1 186.486
Minor (y-y) 1 0.986 3444.1 186.486
Minor Braced 1 0.986 3444.1 186.486
LTB 1 0.986 3444.1 186.486
Axial Force Design

kN kN kN kN kN kN
Axial -3.193 142.7273 142.7273 30.4443 30.4443 30.4443

142.7273 185.3856 42411.2993 37.4272 1 0.022

Major (z-z) a 0.21 59.6 2.048 2.791 0.213 48.48
MajorB (z-z) a 0.21 59.6 2.048 2.791 0.213 48.48
Minor (y-y) a 0.21 59.6 2.048 2.791 0.213 48.48
MinorB (y-y) a 0.21 59.6 2.048 2.791 0.213 48.48
Torsional TF a 0.21 59.6 2.048 2.791 0.213 48.48

kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major (z-z) -0.0934 -0.0952 1.9659 1.9659
Minor (y-y) 0.0039 0.0039 1.9659 1.9659

kN-m kN-m
1.9659 1.9659
1.9659
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LTB a 0.21 0.144 0.504 1 3.182 104.7124

Factors 0.927 0.4 0.4 1.084 1.084 0.99 0.002 -0.048 1.661 1.661
Shear Design
Major (y) 0.1243 41.2018 0.0023 0.003 OK
Minor (z) 0.0002 41.2018 0.0023 5.056E-06 OK
Shear Design
Reduction 41.2018 0 0 1
End Reaction Major Shear Forces

Left End Reaction (kN) Load Combo Right End Reaction (kN) Load Combo
0.1291 UDStlS34 0.1243 UDStlS34
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According to analysis and design required sizes of structure were adopted
SN Structures Sizes(mm)
1 Column ISB 100X100X6
2 Bottom Beam ISB 88.9X88.9X4.9
3 Chords ISB 49.5x49.5x3.6
4 Rafter ISB 66x33x2.6
5 Bracing ISB 49.5x49.5x3.6
6 Purlin ISB 49.5x49.5x3.6
7 Base plate Thickness 16mm
8 Anchor Bolt 16mm
9 Column 300x300 M20
10 Plinth Beam 230x300 M20
SUMMARISE OF THE ISOLATED FOOTING WITH ITS DETAILINGS ARE AS

FOLLOWS
Schedule of RCC Footing- SBC 80 KN/m2
Column Footing size Footing Depth of footing Rebar footing Rebar
Number mm (L x B) type footing along Breadth along length
(Unique name)
fig:6.6
All Footing 1530 x 1530mm Isolated 400 mm 12mm 12mm
dia@150mmc/c dia@150mmc/c
END OF REPORT
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A Report On Structural Analysis of Roof Truss: 1. General Data and Load Calculation

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A Report on Structural analysis of Roof Truss

1.2 Building Design Parameters

Types of building Mini Mart

Rafter ISB 66X33X2.6mm

ASSESSMENT OF LIVE LOAD

Length of Truss : 31.45 m

Span of Truss including overhanging part : 11.23 m

Height of truss : 4.572 m

Truss Material : Steel of Grade Fe250

Distance between trusses : 3.49m

Truss angle (θ) = : 9.13 degree

Wind Load Consideration (As per IS 875 Part 3):

(Please Refer to design Sheet provided at the end of Report)

Methodology for analysis.

1. Wind load Lateral 0 deg (In X & Y axis)

The section defined were as follows.

For purlins – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6 mm (Square Hollow Section)

For Bracing – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6 mm (Square Hollow Section)

For Top Rafter ISB 66X33X2.6 mm (Rectangular Hollow Section)

Bottom Rafter– ISB 88.9x88.9x4.9 mm (Square Hollow Section)

Vertical as well as diagonal struts – ISB 49.5X49.5X3.6mm (Square Hollow Section)

Vertical Post: ISB 100X100X6 mm (Square Hollow Section)

Fig: Elevation view 1-1

Fig: Elevation view A-A

Fig: CGI sheet Load

Fig: Live Load

Fig: All steel section Passed 3D View

Fig: Shear Force & Bending Moment Diagram of Frame at Grid 1.

EQx Response EQy Response

Fig: Base Reaction

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

Direction and Eccentricity

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa 1.36 Sa

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Calculated Base Shear

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

1 Footing Size Design

Moment in x dir Mux 2 KN-m

Column size cx 300 mm

Footing Size required A req 0.44 sqmm

Net upward pressure Nup 6 KNm2

Bending Moment in x dir Mx 2 KN-m

Concrete fck 20 MPa

Minimum Depth Required dmin 25

Depth Provided D 400 mm

Area of Steel Spacing c/c in mm

12# 16# 20#

Ast across x direction 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm