DATE : 20 JAN 2010

NAME : NUR SHAHIRAH BT MOHD ZAKRI

I/C NUM : 940805-11-5228
CLASS ; 4 AL QALAM

TOPIC
Structure of the atom.

AIM
To investigate the diffusion of particles in solid,liquid or gas.

HYPOTHESIS
Diffusion happen faster in gas,moderate in liquid and slowest in
solid.

VARIEBLES
(a) manipulated variable : medium of particles
(b) respon variable : rate of diffusion
(c) constant variable : amount of reactant

APPARATUS
Gas jars,gas jar cover ,droppets ,stopper ,test tubes ,test tubes rack
and retort stand and clamp.

MATERIALS
Liquid bromine , Br , 1 mol dm potassium manganate (VII) ,KMnO
solution ,potassium manganate (VII) ,KMnO crystal ,hot liquid gel
,water and tissue paper.

PROCEDURE

PART A
1. A few drops of liquid bromine,Br into a gas jar was placed.Cover and set it aside
for a few minutes.
2. A gas jar full of air on the top of the gas jar full of bromine,Br vapour
was inverted.
3. The cover was removed.The apparatus aside for a few minute was setted.
4. Observations were recorded.

PART B
1. Three- quarters of a test tube with water were filled.Placed the test tube in a
test tube rack.
2. A dropper was used to obtain a small volume of potassium manganate (VII)
,KMnO solution.
3. Wiped off any excess potassium manganate (VII) ,KMnO ,solution with tissue
paper.
4. Lower the tip of the dropper close to the bottom of the test tube of water.
5. Squeeze one drop of potassium manganate (VII) . KMnO solution into the
water.
6. Allow the test tube to stand for a few hours.
7. Observations were recorded.

PART C
1. A test tube with hot liquid gel was filled until it is almost full.The gel to
harden was leaved.
 2. A small crystalof potassium manganate (VII) ,KMnO on the top of the
gel was putted.
3. Stopper the test tube.
4. Clamp the test tube upside down.
5. Leave the apparatus aside for a few days.
6. Observations were recorded.

OBSERVATIONS

SECTION OBSERVATION
A The brown colour of bromine spreads out evenly through both gas jars
after a few minutes.
B The whole water in beaker turns to purple after a few minutes.
C The purple colour of potassium manganate fills up the entire test tube
after a few days.

DISCUSSION
1. To avoid affect of gravity.
 2. Diffusion happen rapidly in gas ,slower in liquid and
slowest in solid.
3. Solid , liquid , gas.
a) arrangement of particles
b) arrangement of movement
4. The random movement of particle of a substance
between another particles.
5. The diffusion cannot be absorved as good as
bromine.
6. The diffusion will become faster.

CONCLUSION
Diffusion happen faster in gas,moderate in liquid and slowest in
solid. Hypothesis is accepted.