Into Lit Grade: 7 Challenges for space exploration- Quiz Revision

Challenges for space exploration

Genre Element: Argument
In an argument, the author expresses a position—an opinion—on an
issue or a problem and provides supporting evidence for it. Strong
arguments have the following key elements:
• a claim, which is the writer’s position on the issue or problem
• support, which includes reasons and evidence the writer provides to
back up the claim
• counterarguments, which are the writer’s responses to opposing
opinions—responses that show that the writer’s position is stronger.

A point of view, or perspective, about their topic.

subjective point of view: the author includes personal opinions, feelings, and
beliefs.
✓ means “personal;
✓ resulting from feelings;
✓ existing only in the mind.”

objective point of view: the author leaves out personal opinions and instead
presents information in a straightforward, unbiased way.

✓ means “real; factual.

 Analyze author’s purpose
❑ Purpose is an author’s reason for writing a text.
❑ In an argument, the purpose is to persuade.
❑ The author presents a claim—a viewpoint or position on an
issue—and then supports it with reasons and evidence.
❑ Some arguments begin with a clear statement of the author’s claim.
❑ Others imply a claim through the presentation of information and
through rhetoric, the art of using language effectively to appeal to
an audience.
❑ One aspect of rhetoric is word choice.
❑ Word choice helps to shape both tone and voice in a text.

The difference between Tone & Voice

❑ Tone is the author’s attitude toward a subject—for
example, serious, light-hearted, or (as in this example)
inspirational.
❑ Ex: It’s a huge, dangerous, maybe impossible project. But
that’s never stopped humans from trying anyway.

❑ Voice is an author’s unique use of language that allows a

reader to “hear” a human personality in the author’s work.
❑ Ex: . . . one good meteor strike and we all join the non-
avian dinosaurs. And have you noticed the weather lately?
 So, Let’s recap! An argument….
✓ Presents and defends a claim.
✓ Provides reasons to support the claim and factual evidence
to support the reasons.
✓ Uses persuasive language.
✓ Can be formal or informal.

Analyze Repetition
❑ One way to make a point in an argument is through
repetition.
❑ Repetition is the use of the same word, phrase, clause, or
sentence more than once for emphasis.
❑ Repetition is one of the rhetorical devices—specific ways
of using language—authors use to emphasize key ideas,
convey tone, and sometimes to encourage an emotional
response in readers.
CULTURAL REFERENCES
• cutting-edge technology (paragraph 3): the most advanced
technology
• beyond the horizon (paragraph 3): beyond what we can guess or
anticipate
• keep all our eggs in this . . . basket (paragraph 5): rely on a single
way for success
• join the non-avian dinosaurs (paragraph 5): become extinct
 Critical Vocabulary
• Infinitely: with no limits.
• Entail: To have or require.
• Crucial: extremely important or significant.
• Habitat: a structure that provides a controlled environment for
living in very hostile or even deadly locations.

Good luck