rec

1. rexamine
2. behavior
3. eating - typically before they stand guard - full stomach
4. escape
5. grader danger - create an alarm might close the members from other groups
6. may redirect the predator to the animal who made alarm
7. donation - kidney - appreciations - rewards.

The subject of both the reading passage and the lecture is altruism , that is a
type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interest for that of another
animal or group of animals. Altruism is the opposite of selfishness; individuals
performing altruistic acts gain nothing for themselves.
However, the lecturer says examples of altruism abound, both among
humans and among other mammals. Unselfish acts among humans range from the
sharing of food with strangers to the donation of body organs to family members, and
even to strangers. In fact , many species of animals and even humans are willing to
sacrifice the food or even their organs in order to help the other members of their
group or families.
Secondly, according to the reading passage , the meerkat which is a mammal
that dwells in burrows in grassland areas of Africa, is often cited as an example. In
groups of meerkats , an individual stays guard and looks out for predators while the
others hunt for food or eat food they have obtained. By staying guard , the individual
rewards nothing and usually places him in a grave danger.
Moreover , if the meerkat staying guard sees a predator , it issues an alarm,
which might make it more at risk to a predator, since animals in groups are often able
to work together to fend off a predator.
Another point that the text discusses is human altruism , which remarks by
sharing organs ,because of the necessities of others without waiting for rewards from
people.
As opposed to , the lecture provides evidence of recent study that shows the
behavior of altruism from another point of view.
In reality , as seen from lecture , the recent study says that typically
meerkats eat before they stand guard—so the ones standing guard had
a full stomach. And study shows that if the individual sees the predator
he is most likely to escape , because it often stands guard near a
burrow, so it can run immediately into the burrow after giving the alarm.
However , the alarm call might cause the other group members
either to gather together or else to move about very quickly, behaviors
that actually draw the predator’s attention away from the caller,
increasing that animal’s own chances of survival.
Talking about human altruism. There is a case , if a person
donates a kidney , he takes some rewards such as appreciations ,
which contradict the definition of altruism in general.
 To sum up , all the points made in the lecture about altruism , totally refute
outweigh those made in the reading passage, proving that humans and animals
altruism provides by actions made for others without waiting for appreciations , but in
fact everyone gets some kind of rewards or even thinks only how to escape from a
dangerous situation.
However , the lecture mentions that the meerkat that stands guard has already eaten
and if he sees the predator he might run away from the danger.