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LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets: Indoor, Outdoor,

Residential, Commercial

August 1, 2010

The lighting industry is abuzz with new technologies to meet energy savings
requirements. Compact fluorescent lights, CFLs, light emitting diodes, LEDs, and
organic light emitting diodes, OLEDs, are becoming familiar terms.

The CFL was expected to become the dominant provider of residential general
illumination. But the success of the CFL is also its failure. Its longer life has cut into its
own sales. These sales are misleading as they were initially heavily subsidized by
governments. The initial quality of CFLs produced were poor resulting in less than
expected net savings. The EPA warnings about how to contain a broken CFL were such
that families with small children would think twice before installing one. Recyclability of
the CFL has not really been addressed in a uniform way. Therefore, the once incredible
wind-fall market, mandated by governments, may never be realized for CFLs. In fact US
imports of CFLs rose from 144 million units in 2005 to 460 million units in 2007 (a 300%
gain) but then fell to 317 million units in 2009.

Cold cathode fluorescent lights (CCFLs) hidden behind LCD displays are being
replaced. Light emitting diodes (LEDs), once limited to red, amber, and green have
bloomed in white light. Advances are occurring almost daily in developing white LEDs
that are more naturally colored and brighter. The highest grades are called high-brights
(HB-LEDs). HB-LEDs are moving in to take the lead as back-lighting agents leading to
thinner, lighter, and brighter displays.

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are formed from organic rather than inorganic
materials and are printed rather than etched or layered on a semiconductor chip.
Printing is an economical process but requires great control. So far OLEDs are still
waiting for their big technological break-though but it’s only a matter of time.

Quickly on the heels of the diodes are other more exotic technologies including
quantum dots and semi-micro-electro-mechanical systems (micro machines!).

All of these competing technologies have advantages and disadvantages. As of now the
markets are wide open and can accommodate many participants. Because the entry
cost to some of these technologies is fairly low even small operators have chances to
make big profits. However, once a 15% reduction in energy is achieved advanced
lighting controls, smart grids etc. will offer less savings.

LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential,
Commercial reviews these technologies and their applications in general illumination,
illuminated signage, electronic displays and vehicular lighting applications.

The report contains comprehensive data on the U.S. and international market for
lighting elements of all types. Historic data goes back to 2005 while projections are
made though 2014. Data is presented on value and volume of shipments and estimates
made of future market size for established and developing technologies. A key chapter
discusses the many, many influences on the market and their interaction. The study
profiles major marketers and companies to watch as this shakeout continues.

Report Methodology

The information in LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets is based on
data from the US and foreign trade data, industry and university publications, interviews
with industry experts, along with information from several trade associations, the US
Department of Energy, United Nations energy program information, business journals,
company literature and websites, and research services such as Simmons Market
Research Bureau.

What You’ll Get in This Report

LED and Energy Efficient Lighting Worldwide Markets presents the market data
gathered together from various government and private sources and weaves an
understanding between the numbers. Reading this report and reviewing the data
presented will give the reader a sense of perspective and insight. Perspective on how
we got here and insight on how to use the information to your best advantage is offered.
The big playing field of the lighting industry is characterized with 17 lighting industry
profiles. Over 100 figures and graphs portray data in a way that is conducive to
discerning the relationships between market facts.

How You’ll Benefit from This Report

If your company is already doing business in the lighting market, or is considering

making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive
package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a
thorough understanding of the current market for lamps and luminaries as well as
projected markets and trends through 2014.

This report will help:

 Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted
promotion plans for luminaries, lamps, backlighting, and other lighting uses.
Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives
and explore demand for high tech, low energy lighting solutions..
Building designers will learn about lighting choices in the green building market
as well as broadcast and studio designers.
Comprehensive information is provided the effect of lighting components in the
markets of home theatres, consumer electronics, and automotive.
City planners and utility commissioners will receive timely information
regarding energy efficient lighting choices and how they should and should not
be promoted.
The involved public will benefit from factual presentation of the advantages and
disadvantages of competing lighting options and will be able to make informed
local decisions as a result.
Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand
and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need
to do their jobs more effectively.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

Introduction to the Topic

Figure 1-1: Pictorial Development of Lighting Market

Data

Methodology

Terminology

Table 1-1: Industry versus Common Terminology

The Market

Figure 1-2: World Lighting Market, 2005-2009

Figure 1-3: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential, Commercial World Market Segments Actual 2005- 2009(e)

World Manufacturers

Figure 1-4: Selected Exports of Incandescent Bulbs, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

CFLs participation in the United States General Illumination Market

 Figure 1-5: U.S. Imports of CFLs, Value and Volume, 2005-2009

General Illumination, Outdoor

Figure 1-6: Worldwide Exports of Outdoor Lighting ($ millions)

Illuminated Signage

Figure 1-7: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Figure 1-8: U.S. Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Vehicular Lighting

Figure 1-9: Worldwide Market for Vehicular Lighting, 2005-2009

Figure 1-10: U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Electronic Displays

Figure 1-11: Market Share Backlighting Technologies for LCD-TV, 2009(e)-2015(p).

Figure 1-12: World Market for LEDs ($ billions)

Figure 1-13: LED World Markets, 2009 ($ millions)

LED Price Points

Figure 1-14: World High-power HB-LED Pricing Quarter 1 2008-Quarter 1 2010

Figure 1-15: Actual and Projected Markets for HB-LEDs through 2014 ($ billions)

Figure 1-16: Effects of Stimulus Spending on White LED Pricing

Market Trends

Global Warming was the Initial Motivator

Figure 1-17: U.S. Sources of Energy Used for Generation of Electricity, 2009

The CFL and the LED

Trends in Roadway Lighting

Trends in Vehicular Lighting

Trends in Signage

Trends in Electronic Displays

 Government funding

Corporate maneuverings

Emerging Technologies

Chapter 2: Overview
Incandescent

Fluorescent

Electronic Circuitry

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Figure 2-1: LED Diagram

General Illumination Requires More of LEDs

p-n Junctions

Organic LEDs

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)

Figure 2-2: Liquid Crystal Display Pixel Diagram

Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS)

Interferometer Modulation

LED Backlighting

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs)

LED

Chapter 3: The Market

Scope

Figure 3-1: Energy Efficient Lighting Market

Methodology and Data Presentation Notes

The World Lighting Market

Figure 3-2: World Lighting Market, General Illumination and Other, 2005-2009(e) ($ billions)

Figure 3-3: Indoor, Outdoor, Residential, Commercial World Market Segments Actual 2005- 2009(e)

Lighting Market Segments

Figure 3-4: World Exports by Lighting Market Segment, 2005-2009(e)

General Illumination World Market

Luminaires

ndoor Lighting, General Illumination

Figure 3-5: World Indoor Lighting Market Exports by Light Component, 2005-2009(e)

Figure 3-6: World Residential Lighting Market Exports by Component, 2005-2009(e)

Figure 3-7: World Exports of Commercial and Industrial Lighting by Component, 2005-2009(e)

Figure 3-8: Worldwide Exports of Other Incandescent, Non-Halogen Lighting, 2005-2009(e) ($ millions)

Figure 3-9: Worldwide Exports of Indoor Halogen Lighting, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

The Top Light Bulb Manufacturing Countries

Figure 3-10: China Top World Exporter of General Illumination Goods, 2008 ($ billions)

Figure 3-11: Top Importers of General Illumination Goods, 2008

Figure 3-12: Exports of Incandescent Bulbs by Selected Countries, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

Figure 3-13: Exports of Fluorescent Bulbs by Selected Countries, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

U.S. Indoor Lighting Market

Figure 3-14: U.S. Numbers of General Illumination Light Sockets, 2009 (billion units)

Figure 3-15: U.S. Production and Import of Light Bulbs, Incandescent and Fluorescent, 2005-2009

Figure 3-16: U.S. Imports of Indoor Lighting Bulbs, 2005—2009 ($ millions)

Figure 3-17: U.S. Imports of Indoor Lighting Bulbs, 2005—2009 (units in millions)

Figure 3-18: Distribution of U.S. Imported Bulbs by Value

Projected U.S. Imports of Light Bulbs through 2014

 Incandescent Light Bulbs

Figure 3-19: Actual, 2005-2009, and Projected, 2010-2014, U.S. Import of General Use Incandescent Light
Bulbs ($ millions)

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Figure 3-20: U.S. Imports of CFLs, Projected 2005-2009

Halogen Lamps

Figure 3-21: U.S. imports of Indoor Halogen Lamps, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010—2014

Figure 3-22: U.S. Imports of Fluorescent Tube Lamps (FTLs), Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Ballasts

Figure 3-23: Comparison of Source of Imports of Ballast for Fluorescent Lighting, 2005 to 2009

Outdoor Lighting, General Illumination

Figure 3-24: Worldwide Exports of Outdoor Lighting, 2005-2009(e) ($ millions)

HID Lighting

Figure 3-25: Market Share of Top Five Discharge Lighting Exporters, 2005-2009(e)

Roadway Lighting

Figure 3-26: U.S. Outdoor General Illumination Distribution by Lamp type

Figure 3-27: U.S. Imports of Outdoor Lighting 2005—2009

Signage and Advertising, Illuminated Displays

Figure 3-28: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Large Displays, 2005-2009 ($ billions)

Top Manufacturers of Illuminated Signs

Figure 3-29: Top Worldwide Manufacturers of Illuminated Signs, 2009 ($ billions)

Figure 3-30: World Market Exports in Illuminated Signage, 2005-2008

Figure 3-31: Shifts in Market Share by the Top Five Exporters of Illuminated Signage, 2005-2009

U.S. Illuminated Signs and Large Display Market

Figure 3-32: U.S. Imports of Illuminated Signs, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

 Figure 3-33: U.S. Exports of Illuminated Signs, Large Displays, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

Digital Billboards

Table 3-1: Digital Billboards

Illuminated Sign Market Projections through 2014

Figure 3-34: World Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Figure 3-35: U.S. Market for Illuminated Signs, Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Vehicular Lighting Systems

World Market for Vehicle Lighting

Figure 3-36: Exports of Automotive Parts and Accessories, 2008 by Country

Vehicle Lighting

Figure 3-37: Worldwide Market for Vehicular Lighting, 2005-2009

The U.S. Market for Vehicle Lighting

Figure 3-38: U.S. Shipments of Vehicle Lighting Equipment, 2005-2009 ($ billions)

Figure 3-39: U.S. Imports of Vehicle Lamps, 2005-2009

Figure 3-40: U.S. Exports of Sealed Beam Headlamps, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

Figure 3-41: U.S. Exports of Sealed Beam Headlights for Vehicle, 2005-2009 (in millions of units and Average
Selling price)

U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Forecast to 2014

Figure 3-42: U.S. Vehicular Lighting Systems Actual 2005-2009, Projected 2010-2014

Electronic Displays LED/OLED Systems

Scope of LCD Backlighting

Figure 3-43: Relationship of lighting and display technologies

Back-lit Display Markets

Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFLs)

Figure 3-44: World Exports of CCFLs, 2005-2009(e)

 Figure 3-45: World Imports of CCFLs, 2005-2009(e)

LED Backlit-LCD Television

Figure 3-46: Increase in Screen Size of Televisions Sold Worldwide

Figure 3-47: Price Differential between CCFL and LED Backlighting for LCD TV, 1st Quarter, 2010

Figure 3-48: Market Share Backlighting Technologies for LCD-TV, 2009(e)—2015(p)

3D TV

LED Backlighting market in Notebooks, Laptops, Hand-held Electronics

Application Markets for OLEDs

LED Drivers

World Market for LEDs

Figure 3-49: World Market for LEDs, 2005-2009 ($ billions)

Figure 3-50: LED World Markets, 2009 ($ millions)

LED Fabs

Figure 3-51: Nominal Country of Manufacture of LEDs, 2009

Figure 3-52: U.S. Imports of LEDs in and Average Selling Price in Cents per Unit, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

Figure 3-53: U.S. Imports of LEDs by top three Countries of Origin, 2005-2009 ($ millions)

Figure 3-54: U.S. Imports of LEDs in Billions of Units, 2005-2009(e)

Figure 3-55: U.S. Exports of LEDs in units and Average Selling Price, 2005-2009(e) ($)

LED Pricing

Table 3-2: HB-LED Property Characteristics by Application

Figure 3-56: World High-power HB-LED Pricing Quarter 1 2008-Quarter 1 2010

Figure 3-57: White LED Pricing in U.S. Dollars, Quarter 1 2008-2010

Figure 3-58: Actual and Projected Markets for LEDs through 2014 ($ billions)

Market Findings

Primary Findings
 Secondary Findings

Figure 3-59: Simplified Market Evaluation and Investment Decision Pathway

Chapter 4: Market Trends

Initial Motivation

Figure 4-1: Correlations between Longevity and Consumption of Electricity, 1975 and 2005

Conference in Kyoto

Figure 4-2: U.S. Sources of Energy Used for Generation of Electricity, 2009

Table 4-1: DOE Requirements per EISA for General Service Incandescent Lamps, 2007

Market Change Reaches Critical Mass

Table 4-2: Steps Taken by Signers of the Kyoto Protocol (Annex I countries)

World Economy

U.S. Stimulus

Figure 4-3: DOE Recovery Act Funding

Figure 4-4: Recovery Act Authorization and Spending as of April 9, 2010

Table 4-3: Partial List of DOE Lighting Research Projects

Table 4-4: DOE Funding of LED Research

The “Green Market” Trend

Trends in Indoor Lighting

Figure 4-5: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) over 10 Years of Single 100-W Light Bulb Compared to an
equivalent 11-W LED Lamp, Lit 8 hrs/day

Figure 4-6: Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) over 10 Years of Single 40-W Light Bulb Compared to an
equivalent three 1-W LED Lamp, Lit 2 hrs/day

Source: SBI Energy. LED bulb pricing from EcoLEDs™.

Trends in Outdoor Lighting

Roadway Lighting
 Trends in Large Scale Outdoor Displays

Digital Billboards

Trends in Signage

Street Furniture

Trends in Electronics

Smaller is Better

Figure 4-7: U.S. Expenditures on High Definition Television, 2005-2010(e) ($ millions)

Manufacturing Capacity

Vehicular Lighting

Figure 4-8: Comparison of U.S. Expenditures on Entertainment Electronics and Purchase of a New Car ($)

Mergers and Acquisitions

Chapter 5: Research Activities and Emerging Technologies

Can Incandescent Light Bulbs be Energy Efficient?

Effects and Efforts of the Big Three on Research

Figure 5-1: Big Three Lighting Companies Participation in Semiconductors, Annual Sales ($ millions)

LED Research: Improving Performance

Creating White Light

The Quest for Better Materials

OLEDs

Design of Luminaires

Nanotechnology

Daylighting and Smart Grids

Lighting Controls

EnOcean
 Figure 5-2: EnOcean Diagram

Smart Grid

Research Groups

Applied Transportation Research

Vehicle Research

Road Safety Studies

Ambient Light Technologies

Chapter 6: Company Profiles

Company Profiles

Thousands of Companies

Figure 6-1: Lighting Market Transactions Diagram

Figure 6-2: Market Map Correlated to Producers

Company Profiles

AXT Inc - LED Substrate Manufacturer

Table 6-1: AXT Inc Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-2: AXT Revenue by Product Q1 2010 compared to Q4 2009 ($ millions)

Figure 6-3: AXT Revenue Sources by Product and Geographic Region

Table 6-3: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-4: Five-year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Carmanah - Solar Powered LED Fixtures for Roadways and Landscaping

Table 6-4: Carmanah Company Details

 Products, Brands and Customers

Table 6-5: Product Lines

Performance

Table 6-6: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-5: Five-year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Cooper Lighting, LLC - a full service lighting and fixture company

Table 6-7: Cooper Lighting, LLC Company Description

Table 6-8: Cooper Lighting Brands

Table 6-9: Financial Summary of Cooper Industries ($ millions)

Table 6-10: Quarterly Performance Summary of Cooper Industries ($ millions)

Figure 6-6: Five Year Stock Performance of Cooper Industries

Cooper Lighting Performance

Table 6-11: Cooper Industries plc Excess Fair Value of Reporting Units ($ millions)

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Cree-manufacturer of LEDs and LED Lamp Fixtures

Table 6-12: Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Table 6-13: Cree Branded LED Lamps

Performance

Table 6-14: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Table 6-15: Quarterly Performance Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-7: Five Year Stock Performance

History, Mergers and Acquisitions

Daktronics - makers of digital billboards and signs

 Table 6-16: Daktronics Company Description

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-17: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Table 6-18 Quarterly Performance Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-8: Five Year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

eMagin Corp - Manufactures OLEDs on silicon micro-displays

Table 6-19: eMagin Company Description

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-20: eMagin Financial Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-9: Five-year Stock Performance

General Electric - Edison’s Lighting Company

Table 6-21: General Electric Company Description

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-22: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-10: Five-year Stock Performance

Grote Industries - Leading U.S. manufacturer of vehicle lighting

Table 6-23: Grote Industries Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Hella KGaA Hueck & Co-leading German vehicular lighting company

 Table 6-24: Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Figure 6-11: Sales, FY2004/2005-FY 2008/2009

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Figure 6-12: Sales Distribution by Region FY 2008/2008

Lamar Advertising Company - Leading outdoor advertising company

Table 6-25: Lamar Advertising Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Table 6-26: Lamar Advertising Assets

Performance

Table 6-27: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Table 6-28: Financial Summary Comparison

Figure 6-13: Five Year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Table 6-29: Acquisition and Organization Activity of Lamar Advertising

LED Roadway Lighting Ltd. - Startup company making LED street lamps

Table 6-30: LED Roadway Lighting Ltd Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

LG Display Co., Ltd - Large producer of flat-panel displays

Table 6-31: LG Display Co., Ltd Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-32: Financial Summary ($ millions)

 Figure 6-14: Five Year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Table 6-33: Subsidiaries of LG Display

Lighting Science Group Corp. - Maker of LEDs, and replacement lamps

Table 6-34: Lighting Science Group Corp. Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-35: Financial Summary ($ million)

Figure 6-15: Five Year Stock Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Nichia Corporation - LED maker

Table 6-36: Nichia Corporation Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Philips - World’s Largest Lighting Company

Table 6-37: Philips Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Performance

Table 6-38: Financial Summary (millions of Euros)

History, Mergers, and Acquisitions

Toyoda Gosei North America Corp - Vehicle Lighting

Table 6-39: Toyoda Gosei North America Corp Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Table 6-40: Product lines

 Performance

Figure 6-16: Optoelectronics Business Unit, Net Income and Sales, Calendar Year, 20005-2009

Figure 6-17: Distribution of 2007 Sales by Product and Region

Figure 6-18: Five Year Stock Performance

Universal Display Corp. - developer of LED and OLED technology

Table 6-41: Universal Display Corp. Company Details

Products, Brands and Customers

Technology Licensing

UniversalPHOLED™ Materials

Technology Transfer

Performance

Table 6-42: Financial Summary ($ millions)

Figure 6-19: Five Year Performance

Appendix
Table A-1: Selected terms

Table A-2: Abbreviations and Acronyms

Table A-3: Environmental Organizations Referenced in Report

Table A-4: Companies Referenced in Report

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