473 1

Induced Voltage on Gas Pipeline With Angle

Between a Transmission Line
B. Chuco Paucar, J.L. Roel Ortiz, J. O. Pereira Pinto, P. I. Koltermann , Member, IEEE

parameters. For electrostatic and magnetostatic coupling

Abstract — This work presents the study of the influence of the
electrostatic and magnetostatic fields from a power transmission
line over a gas pipeline distribution system, for a non-parallel
configuration. This approach is based on the nodal model
analysis for power line, quantifying the capacitive and self and
mutual impedance effects, due to the geometrical configuration
of both systems, as they depend on the power line voltage and on
the current in conductors, respectively. The non-parallelism is
treated by piecewise approximation, discretizing these effects in a
longitudinal and transversal way. An application was realized for
a non-grounded gas pipeline configuration and with a mitigation
wires protection system over the gas pipeline.
Index Terms—Induced voltage, Gas pipeline, Power lines
I. INTRODUCTION
effects from energized power lines to parallel objects, such as
gas pipelines, can be solved by themselves with [C’phase] and
[Z’phase] respectively,. In order to solve such cases with the
EMTP/ATP-Draw, it is usually applied an appropriate number
of π-circuits connected in cascade, which combine both
effects. Simulations were made using the ATP-Draw program
[4].
II. GENERAL SYSTEM LAYOUT
Consider the system in Fig. 1 showing the interaction
between a power transmission line of 60KV at 60Hz, crossing
with a steel gas pipeline forming an angle of 20º. Fig. 2 and
Fig. 3 show the right and left distribution cross sectional view
of analysis model, a segmented format consisting of discrete
lengths depending on the gas pipeline position. The

T HE natural gas is being used to produce electricity as an

alternative to hydrogeneration systems to attend an
increasing demand. Nowadays, power lines and gas pipelines
segmentation is considered in axis X and another in axis Y.
The dx shown in Fig. 4 represents the parameters’ variation
along the gas pipeline and power line, dy represents the
can be encountered sharing spaces in metropolitan areas. So, parameters’ variation with the distance between power line
distribution systems face a complex configuration, where and pipeline, which depends on the angle.
interactions could increment the risk of explosion in gas The induced voltage from the power line to a crossing gas
pipelines due to induced voltage by electrostatic, pipeline in a non-parallel geometrical configuration is
magnetostatic and conductive effects. Many works have computed by considering all the effects of the segmented gas
examined the problem, seeking an adequate approach. The pipeline.
FEM (Finite Element Method) was used by [1], with a circuit
analysis, to calculate induced voltages and currents in gas
pipelines, with parallel configuration. The nodal analysis is Line
used in [2] in order to determine induced voltages in a parallel 60 KV. Power
Z
underground pipeline. For non-parallel configurations, [3] it
was used a piecewise approximation to represent angle 13m
variations, and FEM and circuit approach, to compute the Gas p
Earth surface
ipeline
potential magnitude along the pipeline. This work presents the X
quantification of induced voltages along a gas pipeline, using
the piecewise approximation to represent the angle between Y
the power line and gas pipeline, based on the nodal analysis of Gas p
ipe line Line
power line for computing transversal and longitudinal 60 KV. Power
Z X
Manuscript received April 20, 2007. This work was supported in part by 20o
the YANQUE Eng. SAC, FUNDECT, CNPq and CIEEP. Y
Authors are with the Electrical Engineering Department, Federal
University of Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Fig. 1. Systems Layout
Brazil. (phone: 0055-67-3345-7542; fax: 0055-67-3345-7471; email:
bchuco@batlab.ufms.br).
J.L.Roel, is also with the Electrical Engineering Department, Real Time
Laboratory (LTR), UnilesteMG University, Tancredo Neves 3500, 35170056,
Coronel Fabriciano, MG, Brazil
B. Chuco Paucar is also with the CIEEP Research Institute, Lima, Perú.
 473 2

III. DESCRIPTION OF METHOD I is the current flowing in the power line

Z’ is the impedance distributed along the line
A. Theoretical Model Y’ is the admittance distributed along the cross section
The proposed mathematical model is based on Maxwell’s between power line, ground and gas pipeline.
laws and nodal model of power transmission systems lines. For a longitudinal and cross-sectional variable system the
The general model for power line transmission systems is (1) is expressed from the Fig. 4 as:
based in the following:
dV ( x, y )
⎡ dV ⎤ = Z `I ( x, y ) − E
− ⎢ ⎥ = [ Z ' ][V ( x)] dxdy
⎣ dx ⎦ (1) (2)
dI ( x, y )
⎡ I ( x) ⎤ = Y `V ( x, y )
−⎢ ⎥ + [Y ' ][V ( x, y )] = 0 dxdy
⎣ dx ⎦

Where:
V is the voltage in the power line
Z Z
R R
S S
Where:
E is the induced voltage on the pipeline per unit length, for
a representation of the pipeline network in a segmented format
consisting of discrete lengths of pipeline.
Z Introducing the cross angle formed between gas pipeline
Power line
R
S
and power lines we have:

T T T (3)
dx = 2 ∆ L cos( α )
Where:
13m
Gas Pipeline ∆L - is gas pipeline segmented
X X X α - is the angle formed by gas pipeline and power lines
y+0dy Y y+1dy The magnetically induced voltage over the gas pipeline
Y y+ndy Y
considering three-phase system is calculated from:

Fig. 2. Right distribution of the piecewise approximation cross sectional

dE
− = Z PA−reduce I A + Z PB−reduce I B + Z PC −reduce I C (4)
dxdy
Z Z Z
R Power line R R
The electrostatically induced voltage over the gas pipeline
S S S
is calculated from:
T T T
0 = C PA− reduceV A + C PB −reduceVB
13m (5)
Gas Pipeline + C PC − reduceVC + C PP −reduce E
X X X
y+ndy Y y+1dy Y y+0dyY To derive (4) and (5), the mutual differential impedance and
differential capacitive effect along the gas pipeline were
determined, and these calculations results contain all pipeline
Fig. 3. Left distribution of the piecewise approximation cross sectional voltage and current that flow throughout the pipeline network.
B. Application
X The application system is composed of a 60kV, AC, 60Hz
V-dV

Power line Gas Pipeline power line and gas pipeline, crossing in a 20° angle. The goal
R is to determine the induced voltage levels for different
Zdxdy

S operation conditions, such as: maximum demand, single-phase

x+dx

T
faults and others conditions. After, to design a wire system
through solid conductors, they were placed on the pipeline
Edx

~ and each particular case was simulated, including the one with
x

the mitigation wire systems. All the reference data used to

Z Y
V

construct the model is shown in the appendix.

y+dy
Fig. 4. Influence of power line on the piecewise gas pipeline
 473 3

C. Line Circuit Representation for ATP-Draw

The equivalent circuit is constructed as shown in Fig. 5, and
it considers mitigation wires and segmented small dx size of
gas pipeline in parallel position to varying according to dy
size.

Z
R
S Power line

Gas Pipeline T
Mitigation wires
13m
0.6m
Fig. 6. Case 1: Instantaneous induced voltage along the gas pipeline
2m X
y+ndy Y

Fig. 5. Line representation for ATP-Draw

IV. DIGITAL SIMULATION

A. Cases of Study

Three typical configurations were considered:

1) Non-grounded gas pipeline.
Fig. 7. Case 2: Instantaneous induced voltage in the point of intersection
2) Non-grounded gas pipeline with a parallel mitigation
wire system placed at 0.62m over the gas pipeline.
3) Non-grounded gas pipeline with a grounded parallel
mitigation wire systems placed at 0.62m over the gas pipeline.

The Electrostatically induced voltage from a 60KV power

line and the Magnetically induced voltage from the same
power line with 650A single-phase fault current were
determined. Table I and Table II show the maximum induced
voltage peak for all cases of Electrostatically and
Magnetically induction in gas pipeline.

B. Output from the ATP-Draw Model for capacitive effect Fig. 8. Case 3: Instantaneous induced voltage along the gas pipeline
on gas pipeline
It is shown in the Fig. 6, 7, and 8 C. Output from the ATP-Draw Model for inductive effect
on gas pipeline
It is shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11.
TABLE I TABLE II
ELECTROSTATICALLY INDUCED VOLTAGE FROM THE 60 KV POWER LINE MAGNETICALLY INDUCED VOLTAGE FROM THE 60 KV POWER LINE, WITH
Induced Maximum Peak 650A OF SINGLE-PHASE FAULT CURRENT
Case Description
Voltage(V)
Induced Maximum Peak
1 gas pipeline isolated 975.60 Case Description
Voltage(V)
2 gas pipeline with parallel
192.00
1 Gas pipeline isolated 1523.00
mitigation wires over
2 Gas pipeline with 395.00
0.62m isolated
parallel mitigation wires
2 Gas pipeline with 1.25
over 0.62m isolated
parallel mitigation wires
2 Gas pipeline with 2.00
over 0.62m grounding
parallel mitigation wires
The table shows Induced maximum peak value of induced voltage for over 0.62m grounding
each case tested.
The table shows Induced maximum peak value of induced voltage for
each case, tested with current of fault.
473 4

50% of the load present

16
[mA]
12

-4

-8

-12

-16
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 [ms] 70
(file solutions.pl4; x-var t) c:XX0189- c:XX0199-

Fig. 12. Case 1: Circulating current on gas pipeline and mitigation wires
Fig. 9. Case 1: Instantaneous induced voltage along the gas pipeline
Current for Single-Phase current Fault
0.9

[A]

0.6

0.3

0.0

-0.3

-0.6

-0.9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 [ms] 70
(file solutions.pl4; x-var t) c:XX0193- c:XX0203-

Fig. 13. Case 2: Circulating current on gas pipeline and mitigation wires
Fig. 10. Case 2: Instantaneous induced voltage in the point of intersection

E. Comparison of Measured and Simulated Values

TABLE III
CIRCULATING CURRENT IN MITIGATION WIRES

From Description RMS current (A)

Simulated Circulating current in 0.01131

mitigation wires (measured in
grounding point) , for 50% of
load demand
Measured Circulating current in 0.012
Fig. 11. Case 3: Instantaneous induced voltage along the gas pipeline mitigation wires (measured in
grounding point), for 50% of
load demand
D. Output from the ATP-Draw Model of Circulating Simulated Circulating current in 0.615
Current on Gas pipeline and Mitigation wires mitigation wires (measured in
grounding point), for single-
Two operation conditions were considered: phase fault current at 50% of
Case 1: Normal condition. load demand
Case 2: Single-phase fault condition. Measured Circulating current in ----
mitigation wires (measured in
The output for instantaneous current is shown in Figs. 12 grounding point), for single-
and 13, respectively. phase fault current at 50% of
load demand
The table shows RMS current circulating in mitigation wires.
473 5

V. CONCLUSION
The electrostatic effect of the 60 kV power line is shown in
Figs. 6, 7, and 8, for all cases. Observe that the peak of Mitigation
induced voltage for a non-grounded pipeline is 975.5V. This wires
is lower with a grounded mitigation wire over the pipeline to
1.25V, as shown in Table I.
The electromagnetic effect from a 60 kV, and 650A single-
phase fault case can be observed in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. In the
first case, with a non-grounded pipeline, the induced voltage
peak is 1523 V. When a grounded mitigation wire over the
pipeline is used, the peak induced voltage is 2 V. It can be
observed that the effect of the 60 kV. power transmission line
Fig. 14. Implemented Systems of mitigation wires
crossing a gas pipeline at a 20º angle installed at 2m over the
ground surface, where the electrostatic effect was influenced
by a variable capacitive effect, which varies along the
pipeline, as function of the separation and the power line
voltage level. The electromagnetic effect was influenced by
impedances, which varies with segment size along the power
line and current level.

REFERENCES
[1] G.C. Christoforidis and P.S. Dokopoulos, “Induced Voltage and Current
on Gas Pipelines with Imperfect Coatings Due to Faults in a Nearby
Transmission Lines”, IEEE-PPT 2001.
[2] H.G. Lee, T.H. Ha, Y.C. ha, J.H. Bae, D.K Kim, ”Analysis of Voltage
Induced by Distribution Lines on Gas Pipelines”, POWERCON 2004,
Singapore, pp. 598-601.
[3] Li, Y.; Dawalibi, F.P.; Ma, J. “Effect of Conductor Angle Between
Transmission Lines and Neighboring Utilities on the Accuracy of
Inductive Interference Computations”. Proceedings PowerCon2002.
Vol. 4, pp. 2477 – 2481.
[4] Hans Kristian Høidalen, László Prikler;“ “ATPDRAW version 3.5 for
Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP”, Users' Manual Preliminary Release No. 1.1;
October 2002.

APPENDIX
The following summarizes all systems data characterizes
the normal case.

Pipeline
Characteristics Relative resistivity (copper): 12
Relative permeability (air): 250
Outer Radius: 0.3238m
Inner Radius: 0.3048m
Coating Resistance: 20 000ohm-square-m
Coating Thickness: 0.1m
Mitigation
wires Steel length 155m
Total cross section 253m2
Relative resistivity (copper): 6
Relative permeability (air): 241
Fig. 15. Represented system in ATP-Draw