UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA “UNAD”

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE

AGRONOMÍA

GPS APPLICATIONS IN SURVEYING ACTIVITIES

TOPOGRAFIA

PRESENTADO POR:
María Cristina Soto
CÓDIGO: 1120368592

GRUPO N°: 201620_63

TUTOR:
MAURO ALBEIRO BRAVO
2020

Acacias meta
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system for determining the position of any
object in all the earth, anywhere in the world, with an accuracy of just a few centimeters
apart, is a network of satellites orbiting Earth at fixed points, also it provides users with
information on positioning, navigation and timing. This system consists of three segments:
a space segment, the control segment and the user segment. The United States Air Force
develops, maintains and operates the space and control segments that carry signals to a time
code and a point of geographic data that allows the user to pinpoint their exact position,
speed and time anywhere in the planet.

The GPS was originally designed for military applications, the GPS is a positioning system
satellites evenly spaced around its orbit and give us information points are located on the
Earth's surface based on operated by the Ministry of Defense of the United satellites united,
GPS provides information worldwide. Today however it is used by civilian and military.

What is GPS

The GPS system is designed to calculate the position of any point in a coordinate space (x,
y, z) based on a calculation of the distances from point to a minimum of three satellites
whose location is known. The distance between the user (GPS receiver) and a satellite is
measured by multiplying the time of flight of the signal emitted from the satellite for its
speed of propagation. To measure the flight time of the radio signal it is necessary that the
clocks of the satellites and the receivers are synchronized, they must simultaneously
generate the same code, further comprises a constellation of 24 operational satellites,
known as operational capability initial ( IOC). It is divided into three segments: space
segment, control segment and user segment,

Applications in topography

There are multiple fields of application of positioning systems as well as support systems
for navigation and modeling atmospheric space and terrestrial or applications with
requirements for high precision measurement of time within which we obtain the location
and navigation inhospitable regions, geological and topographical models, civil
engineering, automatic alarm systems, signal synchronization, Guided physically
handicapped

Navigation and control vehicle fleet, civil aviation systems, vehicle navigation unassisted.

To carry out common surveying more easily, using measuring equipment more advanced,
such as GPS (Global Positioning System) equipment to locate points in different positions
on the earth's surface technology is necessary, the use of forecasting systems long-term
integrated GPS and other integrated systems. GPS capability to provide submetering in real
time and accuracy of centimeters profitably has significantly changed the industry of civil
engineering fieldwork, using any conventional GPS kinematic surveying or GPS RTK, a
user takes positions of the points on the floor where changes topography, which can be used
at a later time to produce topographic map of the area.

Traditionally, mapping large areas and difficult access was performed using classical aerial
photogrammetry. With this method, a camera on a plane is used to capture a sequence of
images for the area to be mapped, which after processing build the map, to be of practical
use, images captured first must be related to the reference system , a process known as
georeferencing of images. In classical aerial photogrammetry, geo-referencing is done
indirectly with the help of a number of ground control stations with geodetic coordinates
and corresponding known.
It is also difficult to make GPS observations in areas covered with forests. There needs to
be a space for the sky is clear and sharp, in the case of poor GPS reception under relatively
high tree cover, it may be useful to use forecasting systems to integrated GPS long-term
and other integrated systems, including GPS / digital barometers and digital videography
GPS / laser have been applied successfully in the forestry industry as well.

The great advantage of the invention of GPS has been being able to obtain absolute
positioning with the necessary precision in real time, an essential requirement in the mining
topography, as well as the possibility of implementing procedures automation machinery
and fleet control production, in monitoring bridges to prevent any mess with all these
services provided by us, we can affirm obviously the benefits of GPS versus traditional
methods system, including: speed, reliability, cost reduction, accuracy.
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

 Alcantara, GD (2014). Topography and applications. Mexico, DF, MX: Larousse -

Grupo Editorial Patria. P 43-96. Recovered
fromhttp://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2077/lib/unadsp/reader.action?
ppg=7&docID=10757965&tm=1480021568844
 Priego, DLSE (2015). Topography: instrumentation and survey observations.
Valencia, ES: Editorial of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. Recovered
fromhttp://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2077/lib/unadsp/reader.action?
ppg=7&docID=11087833&tm=1480022002879
 36°
225° 54° 254°
81°
B1 22m 155°
16°
142° 81°
Ca= (H*Cos36°) 116° B2
9m
36° 10°
9m

82° 253°

B3
15m 278°
10°

29m

92°
B4

8° 268°
341°
 Punto R Z
AB N36°E 36°
BC S89°E 91°
CD S22°E 158°
DE S58°W 246°
EA N14°W 346°

PUNTO COORDENADAS
N E
A 4200 3200
B 4203,86 3201,03
C 4199,53 3191,02
D 4198,51 3196,3
E 4195,12 3189,04