Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 11

Telangana 1

Telangana
Telangana
తెలంగాణ
—  region  —

Map of India with the Telangana region highlighted in red

Coordinates

Country India

State Andhra Pradesh

Largest city Hyderabad, India

Population 30987271 (2001)
• Density 2
• 270 /km (699 /sq mi)

Official languages Telugu

Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

Area 114840 square kilometres (44340 sq mi)

Telangana (Telugu: తెలంగాణ,Urdu: ‫اناگنلیت‬, Hindi: तेलंगाना ) is a region in Andhra Pradesh, India. The region
borders the states of Maharashtra on the north-west, Karnataka on the west, Chattisgarh on the north-east, Orissa on
the east, the Coastal Andhra region on the east and the Rayalaseema region on the south. Coastal Andhra and
Rayalaseema were part of the former Andhra state which was merged with Telangana to form the current state of
Andhra Pradesh in 1956. The region has an area of 114840 square kilometres (44340 sq mi), and a population of
30,987,271 [1] per the 2001 census. The region lies on the Deccan plateau to the west of the Eastern Ghats range, and
includes the northwestern interior districts of the Andhra Pradesh state. Telangana region has 10 districts: Adilabad,
Hyderabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The
Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east. Of the 34 districts in India which face acute
farm distress, nine are in Telangana.[2] [3] [4] In 2006, of the 31 districts identified in four states for the Prime
Minster's package for watershed development projects, nine are in Telangana region and eight are in other parts of
Andhra Pradesh.[5] [6] On December 9, 2009, the Government of India announced that the process for the formation
of Telangana state would be considered upon introduction and passage of a separation statement by the state
assembly of Andhra Pradesh.[7] [8] [9] The Government of India constituted a five-member committee headed by
Telangana 2

Justice B. N. Srikrishna to study the feasibility of a separate Telangana state within the Indian Union.[10]

History
In Treta Yuga, it is believed that Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana arrived in
Telengana from Dandakaranya (present-day southern Chhattisgarh).
They initially came to Karimnagar district and lived in places like the
Ramagiri hills and Illantha Kunta village. They then moved along the
Godavari River spent their lives in exile at Parnashala, which is about
25 kilometres (16 mi) from Bhadrachalam in Khammam District.

Telangana was the homeland of the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to


220 CE). Kotilingala in Karimnagar was their first capital, before
Dharanikota. Excavations at Kotilingala revealed coinage of Simukha,
the first Satavahana emperor. Hyderabad is the largest city of the Telangana
region
The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiya
dynasty, a Telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra
Pradesh from 1083 to 1323. Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas, and the first after the
Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Cholas, who accepted his
suzerainty in the year 1210. He established order in his vast dominion that stretched from the Godavari delta in the
east to Raichur (in modern day Karnataka) in the west and from Karimnagar and Bastar (in modern day Chattisgarh)
in the north to Srisailam and Tripurantakam, near Ongole, in the south. It was during his reign that the Golkonda fort
was constructed. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty.

Telangana came under the Muslim rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by Bahmanis, Qutb
Shahis, and the Mughals. As the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate in the early 18th century, the Muslim Asafjahi
dynasty established a separate state known as Hyderabad. Later, Hyderabad entered into a treaty of subsidiary
alliance with the British Empire, and was the largest and most populous princely state in India. Telangana was never
under direct British rule, unlike the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of
British India's Madras Presidency.
Telangana 3

Telangana Rebellion
The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt which was later
supported by the Communists. It took place in the former princely state
of Hyderabad between 1946 and 1951. This was led by the Communist
Party of India.[11]
The revolt began in the Nalgonda district and quickly spread to the
Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted
against the local feudal landlords (jagirdars and deshmukhs) and later
against the Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII. The initial aims were to do
away with illegal and excessive exploitation meted out by these feudal
lords in the name of bonded labour (Vetti Chakiri). The most strident
demand was for all debts of the peasants to be written off.[12] [13]

Among the well-known individuals at the forefront of the movement


were leaders like Anabheri Prabhakar Rao, Bathini Mogilaiah Goud,
The Telangana region was the heart of numerous
Doddi Komraiah, Bandi Yadagiri, Suddala Hanumanthu, Acharya
dynasties. Chowmahalla Palace was home to the
Konda Lakshman Bapuji, Chakalli Iylamma, Komaram Bheem, Nizams of Hyderabad state.
Puchalapalli Sundaraiah, Makineni Basavapunaiah, Chandra Rajeswara
Rao, Raavi Narayana Reddy, Arutla Laxmi Narsimha Reddy (known as AL by his comrades), Bommagani Dharma
Biksham, Arjula Ramana Reddy, the Urdu poet Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Hassan Nasir, Bhimreddy Narasimha
Reddy, Mallu Venkata Narasimha Reddy, Mallu Swarajyam, Arutla Ramchandra Reddy and his wife Arutla Kamala
Devi, Kolluru Ramchandra Reddy and his wife Kolluru Susheela Devi.[13] [14] [15]

The violent phase of the movement ended after the central government sent in the army. Starting in 1951, the CPI
shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the constraints of Indian
democracy.[16]
In 1937, Time magazine said Hyderabad state was the richest native state in India. [17]

Post-independence
When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted Hyderabad State
to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. Rebellion had started throughout the
state against the Nizam's rule and his army, known as the Razakars. The Razakars, led by their chief, Qasim Razvi,
massacred many people and rebels to suppress the movement. They destroyed many temples and monuments across
the state. Mass assassinations, similar to Jallianwala Bagh massacre, took place through out the state. The
Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called
Operation Polo. When India became independent, Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of
them in the former Nizam's dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra
region), and one in French-controlled Yanam.
The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26
January 1950. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state. In 1952,
Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State in the first democratic election. During
this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to
strictly implement rule by natives of Hyderabad.[18]
Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Andhra region were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state by leaders
like Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.[19] [20] [21]
Telangana 4

Merger of Telangana and Andhra


In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on
linguistic lines.[22] The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of
Telangana region with Andhra state, despite their common language.
Paragraph 382 of the States Reorganisation Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly
in favour of the larger unit; public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public
opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable,
should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of
Telangana to take a decision about their future". The people of Telangana had several concerns. The region had a
less-developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited
alcoholic beverages), which people of Telangana feared might be diverted for use in Andhra. They feared that
planned irrigation projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately, even
though people of Telangana controlled the headwaters of the rivers. It was feared that the people of Andhra, who had
access to higher standards of education under the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking
government and educational jobs.
The commission proposed that the Telangana region be constituted as a separate state with a provision for unification
with Andhra state, after the 1961 general elections, if a resolution could be passed in the Telangana state assembly
with a two-thirds majority.
The Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, expressed his view that a majority of Telangana
people were against the merger.[23] He supported the Congress party's central leadership decision to merge
Telangana and Andhra despite opposition in Telangana.[24] Andhra state assembly passed a resolution on 25
November 1955 to provide safeguards to Telangana. The resolution said, "Assembly would further like to assure the
people in Telangana that the development of that area would be deemed to be special charge, and that certain
priorities and special protection will be given for the improvement of that area, such as reservation in services and
educational institutions on the basis of population and irrigational development."[25] Telangana leaders did not
believe the safeguards would work. [26] [27] With lobbying from Andhra Congress leaders and with pressure from the
Central leadership of Congress party, an agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on
20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests.[28] [29]
Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially was skeptical of merging Telangana with Andhra State, fearing a "tint of
expansionist imperialism" in it.[30] [31] He compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having "provisions for
divorce" if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.[32] [33]
Following the Gentlemen's agreement, the central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1,
1956.[19] [34] [35] The agreement provided reassurances to Telangana in terms of power-sharing as well as
administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.
Anti-Nehru politics emerged with the repression of the Telengana movement; many within the Congress Party
extended their hands to leftist causes. Feroze Gandhi was among them.[36]

Separate Telangana state movement

Grievances of Telangana proponents


Proponents of a separate Telangana state cite perceived injustices in the distribution of water, budget allocations, and
jobs. Budget allocations to Telangana are generally less than 1/3 of the total Andhra Pradesh budget. There are
allegations that in most years, funds allocated to Telangana were never spent. Telangana JAC leaders say that only
20% of the total Government employees, less than 10% of employees in the secretariat, and less than 5% of
department heads in the Andhra Pradesh government are from Telangana. [37] [38] [39] [40] None of these allegations
were proved wrong by the Sri Krishna Committee due to lack of data, and its choice to compare regions
Telangana 5

(Seema-Andhra vs Telangana) not its people (Seema-Andhrites vs Telanganites). [41] [42]


Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel that the agreements, plans, and assurances from the legislature and Lok
Sabha over the last fifty years have not been honoured, and as a consequence Telangana has remained neglected,
exploited, and backward. They feel that separation is the best solution.[43] [44] [45]

History of the movement


In the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, the people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how
the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent intensified in January 1969, when the some of the
guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. Student agitation for the proper implementation of the
agreement began at Osmania University in Hyderabad and spread to other parts of the region. [46] This agitation
came to an end in September 1971 when people realised that the Prime Minister was not inclined to towards a
separate state of Telangana.[47] Due to agitation in the Seema-Andra region in 1973 protesting the protections for
Telangana, the central government diluted the protections in Gentlemen's agreement by initiating the Six point
formula.
Various political parties were formed with a platform of pursuing statehood for Telangana, including the Telangana
Praja Samithi political party in 1969, which won 10 out of 14 Parliamentory contituencies in 1971.[48] [49] In the
1990s, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) promised a separate Telangana state if they came to power.[50] A new party
called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), was formed in 2001 with
the single-point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital.[51]
For the 2004 Assembly and Parliament elections, the Congress party and the TRS had an electoral alliance in the
Telangana region that promised a separate Telangana State.[52] Congress came to power in the state and formed a
coalition government at the centre. TRS joined the coalition government in 2004 and was successful in making a
separate Telangana state a part of the common minimum programme of the coalition government.[53] In September
2006, TRS withdrew support from the Congress-led coalition government because of their failure to deliver on their
promise to create an independent Telangana state.[54] [55] [56]
In July 2008, Devendra Goud and other leaders such as E. Peddi Reddy resigned from Telugu Desam Party(TDP)
and formed a new party called Nava Telangana Praja Party (NTPP) with Telangana formation as its main goal.[57]
After extensive internal discussions, the TDP, the main opposition party in the state, announced its support for the
creation of Telangana on 9 October 2008.[58] The Telugu Desam Party promised to work for Telangana statehood.
The Praja Rajyam Party (PRP), newly founded by film star Chiranjeevi, supported Telangana statehood.[59] The
Nava Telangana Praja Party announced that it would merge with PRP after it concluded that there was not enough
political space for two sub-regional Telangana parties that had Telananga statehood as their main agenda.[60] [61]
On 29 November 2009, TRS president K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) started a fast-unto-death, demanding that the
Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in Parliament. He was arrested by the government of Andhra Pradesh.[62]
[63] [64] [65] [66]
Student organizations, employee unions, and various organizations joined the movement.[67] [68] [69]
General strikes shut down Telangana on 6 and 7 December.[70] Student organizations planned a massive rally at the
state Assembly on 10 December. The government warned that the rally did not have permission and deployed police
troops throughout Telangana.[71] All opposition parties in the state favoured creation of Telangana state at an
all-party meet held on 7 December.[72]
On 9 December 2009, Union Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram announced that the Indian government
would start the process of forming a separate Telangana state, pending the introduction and passage of a separation
resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly.[73] KCR ended his 11-day fast, saying from his hospital bed that this was
a "true victory of the people of Telangana."
Pro-Telangana supporters celebrated the central government decision, while those from the Coastal Andhra and
Rayalaseema regions (Andhra region) protested.[74] [75] Due to protests in the Seema-Andhra region, On 23
December, the Government of India announced that no action on Telangana would be taken until a consensus was
Telangana 6

reached by all parties. [76] Rallies, hunger strikes, and suicides continued throughout Telangana to protest against the
delay in bifurcating the State.[77] The all-party Telangana Joint Action Committee (JAC) started relay hunger strikes
and threatened the resignations of all legislators on 28 January, demanding that the Centre spell out its intentions and
create a timetable for change.[78] On 3 February the government announced the five-member Srikrishna committee
on Telangana that would look into the issue,[79] with a deadline of 31 December 2010.

Srikrishna Committee report


The Srikrishna committee on Telangana submitted its report in two volumes to the Home Ministry of India on 30
December 2010.[80] In an all-party meeting on 6 January 2011, the Home ministry made the 505-page Srikrishna
committee report public. Section 9-3 (page 440) of the report[81] discusses six solutions.[82] [83]
The Committee announced that they were recommending keeping the State united, and advised constitutional and
statutory measures for socio-economic development and political empowerment of Telangana region through the
creation of a statutorily-empowered Telangana Regional Council. Telangana leaders say the best option from the Sri
Krishna committee report is the formation of separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital. They plan to
pressure the Central government to zero in on this option as the only workable one.[84] [85] [86] [87]

Geography
Telangana is situated in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of
the Indian Peninsula. Of the three regions of the state of Andhra
Pradesh,[88] Telangana has the largest area, with 114800 square
kilometres (44300 sq mi). The Deccan plateau is drained by two major
rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna. 69% of the Krishna River and
79% of the Godavari River catchment area is in Telangana. Tthere are
other rivers such as Manair, Bhima, Dindi, Kinnerasani, Manjeera,
Munneru, Moosi, Penganga, Praanahita, and Peddavagu and Taliperu.

The area is divided into two main regions, the Eastern Ghats and the
peneplains. The surface is dotted with low depressions. The region has
very valuable coal mines in Ramagundam.
Telangana region marked in white within the
state of Andhra Pradesh

Natural resources
45% of the forested area in the state is in Telangana region, spread across five districts. 20% of the coal deposits in
the country is in Telangana region. The Singareni Collieries Company excavates coal for industrial purposes and for
thermal power stations. The power generated is supplied to to the entire of South India. There are limestone deposits
in the region, which cater to cement factories. Telangana has other resources such as bauxite and mica.

Demography
9 out of 10 districts in the Telangana region are recognized by the Government of India as backward. The only
exception is Hyderabad district. According to the Backward Regions Grant Fund 2009–10, 13 such districts are
located in Andhra Pradesh; 9 are from Telangana and the rest are from other regions.[89] [90] [91] Telangana(inc.
Hyderabad) has 86% Hindu, 12.4% Muslim, and 1.2% Christian population. Hyderabad city has 55.4% Hindu,
41.2% Muslim , 2.4% Christian population. Telangana districts outside of Hyderabad district have 8.4% of the
Muslim population.[92] [93]
Telangana 7

More than 90% of Telangana people speak the Telangana dialect of Telugu, which is primarily Telugu with Urdu
influences. About 11% of Telangana people speak Hyderabadi Urdu. Urdu speakers are mostly Muslims, though
people of other ethnicities also use Urdu for day-to-day life.[94] [95] Hindi is spoken by people from other states of
North India and Central India like Gujarat and Maharashtra. Kannada and Marathi are also spoken. Telugu, Urdu,
and English are the official languages of the region.

Culture and identity


Telangana has its own distinctive culture and identity. Most prominent
is the Hyderabadi culture, also called Deccan culture.[96] [97]

Festivals
Bonalu, Bathukamma, Diwali, Dassera, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha,
Christmas and Ugadi are prominent festivals in Telangana. Other
festivals of Hindus and Muslims such as Holi, Raksha Bandhan, and
Moharram are also celebrated with equal enthusiasm as in rest of India.
The national festival Sankranti is celebrated at the beginning of harvest
season, on 14 January every year. Bathukamma and Bonalu are
regional festivals of Telangana.

References
[1] Official Govt of India Website, Office of the Registrar general&Census
Commissioner India (One may need to Register&Login to get this district-wise data)
(http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/ Census_Data_Online/
Population/ Total_Population. aspx) Hyderabadi biryani
[2] For 55 years, Telangana has remained a dream. Will it be realised? (http:/ / www.
businessworld. in/ bw/ 2011_01_08_Political_Quicksand. html)
[3] Acute farm distress in Telangana (http:/ / i52. tinypic. com/ 1hurm. jpg)
[4] India's tussle over new state of Telangana (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ blogs/ thereporters/ soutikbiswas/ 2010/ 12/
india_trouble_in_the_new_year. html?page=12)
[5] http:/ / www. nabard. org/ farm_sector/ pdf/ WDF-PM's-package_020310. pdf
[6] http:/ / www. nabard. org/ pdf/ final_report_website. pdf
[7] Centre agrees to form Telangana state (http:/ / www. business-standard. com/ india/ news/ centre-agrees-to-form-telangana-state/ 379142/ )
[8] Centre: process of forming Telangana to be initiated (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 10/ stories/ 2009121059720100. htm)
[9] "Front Page : Rosaiah: nothing has been finalised on Telangana" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 13/ stories/ 2009121359870800. htm).
The Hindu. 2009-12-13. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[10] "Telangana Committee to be headed by justice B N Srikrishna and no state will be formed as per the reports" (http:/ / www.
business-standard. com/ india/ news/ telangana-committee-to-be-headed-by-justice-b-n-srikrishna/ 84823/ on). Business-standard.com. .
Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[11] Elliot, Carolyn M. (November 1974). "Decline of a Patrimonial Regime: The Telangana Rebellion in India, 1946–51" (http:/ / www. scribd.
com/ doc/ 15377979/ Decline-of-a-Patrimonial-Regime-The-Telengana-Rebellion-in-India-194651). Journal of Asian Studies 34 (1): 24–47. .
[12] Sanghatana, Stree Shakti (1989). We Were Making History: Life Stories of Women in the Telangana People's Struggle. St. Martin's Press.
ISBN 0862326796.
[13] Puchalapalli, Sundarayya (February 1973). "Telangana People's Armed Struggle, 1946–1951. Part One: Historical Setting" (http:/ / www.
scribd. com/ doc/ 15379761/ Telangana-Peoples-Armed-Struggle-19461951-Part-One-Historical-Setting). Social Scientist (Social Scientist) 1
(7): 3–19. doi:10.2307/3516269. .
[14] Arutla, Ramachandra Reddy (1984). Telangana Struggle: Memoirs. New Delhi: People's Publishing House. OCLC 12666416.
[15] Thirumali, Inukonda (2003). Against Dora and Nizam: People's Movement in Telangana. Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.
ISBN 8173915792.
[16] History of Communist party in India (http:/ / countrystudies. us/ india/ 114. htm)
[17] "HYDERABAD: Silver Jubilee Durbar (1937)" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ magazine/ article/ 0,9171,770599,00. html). time.com. 22
Feb 1937. . Retrieved 06 Feb 2011.
Telangana 8

[18] Mulki agitation in Hyderabad state (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ 2002/ 09/ 06/ stories/ 2002090603210900. htm)
[19] "History and Culture – History-Post-Independence Era" (http:/ / www. aponline. gov. in/ quick links/ hist-cult/ history_post. html).
APonline. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[20] After Sriramulu, Andhra State (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2002/ 12/ 18/ stories/ 2002121802120900. htm)
[21] Andhra State formed (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2003/ 10/ 01/ stories/ 2003100100050900. htm)
[22] SRC submits report (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2005/ 10/ 01/ stories/ 2005100100040900. htm)
[23] Hyderabad CM's Views on merger
[24] Pro-Telangana crowd mob Andhra ex-minister at airport; Hyderabad CM appeal to people: Abide by High command decision - Page 8 of
Nov 16, 1955 Indian Express (http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19551116& printsec=frontpage)
[25] Vishandhra here and now. Special safeguards for Telangana. -Govt motion in Andhra Assembly - Page 5 of Nov 26, 1955 Indian Express
(http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19551126& printsec=frontpage)
[26] No belief in Safeguards: Hyderabad PCC chief. - Page 4 of Nov 21, 1955 Indian Express (http:/ / news. google. com/
newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19551121& printsec=frontpage)]
[27] Telangana Leaders must Adhere to Delhi Resolution - High command advise; High command has open mind, Claims Chenna Reddi - Plea
for Telangana - Page 7 of Nov 27, 1955 Indian Express (http:/ / news. google. com/ newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19551127&
printsec=frontpage)]
[28] SRC sub committee said no decision on Visalandhra taken.- Page 1 of Feb 1, 1956 Indian Express (http:/ / news. google. com/
newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19560201& printsec=frontpage)
[29] New Telugu state to be called Hyderabad. Regional council for Telangana. - Page 1 of Feb 21, 1956 Indian Express (http:/ / news. google.
com/ newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC& dat=19560221& printsec=frontpage)
[30] Visalandhra demand was bearing a taint of "expansive imperialism": Nehru - page8 of Indian express Oct 2, 1953 (http:/ / news. google.
com/ newspapers?id=msw-AAAAIBAJ& sjid=W0wMAAAAIBAJ& pg=4365,259207)
[31] Visalandhra demand was bearing a taint of "expansive imperialism": Nehru - page8 of Indian express Oct 2, 1953 (http:/ / i51. tinypic. com/
288b4pc. jpg)
[32] Reorganisation, then and now (http:/ / www. frontlineonnet. com/ fl2626/ stories/ 20100101262602100. htm)
[33] Nehru compares merger with Matrimonial alliance with provision for divorce (http:/ / i50. tinypic. com/ 5161l2. jpg)
[34] Andhra Pradesh to be formed with safeguards to Telangana (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2006/ 03/ 07/ stories/ 2006030704410900. htm)
[35] Andhra Pradesh formed (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2006/ 11/ 02/ stories/ 2006110200140901. htm)
[36] "Manorama Online" (http:/ / week. manoramaonline. com/ cgi-bin/ MMOnline. dll/ portal/ ep/ theWeekContent.
do?contentType=EDITORIAL& sectionName=COVER STORY& programId=1073755753& BV_ID=@@@& contentId=6852579).
Week.manoramaonline.com. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[37] "Microsoft Word – Jayashankar2.doc" (http:/ / www. telangana. org/ Papers/ Article10. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[38] Agitation threat by Telangana employees' union (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2006/ 09/ 22/ stories/ 2006092216570300. htm)
[39] "Andhra Pradesh News : JAC urges YSR to implement GO 610" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2004/ 05/ 25/ stories/ 2004052503490500. htm).
The Hindu. 2004-05-25. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[40] "Andhra Pradesh / Visakhapatnam News : Heated debate over GO 610" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2007/ 07/ 09/ stories/
2007070959780500. htm). The Hindu. 2007-07-09. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[41] Govt to SKC: It has only 10 years data. (http:/ / www. andhrajyothy. com/ mainshow. asp?qry=2010/ feb/ 26/ main/ 26main3)
[42] The Srikrishna Committee Report: A Waste of Time (http:/ / www. hardnewsmedia. com/ 2011/ 01/ 3798)
[43] "Telangana Development Forum-USA" (http:/ / www. telangana. org/ Papers. asp). Telangana.org. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[44] Still seeking justice(30min video) (http:/ / video. google. com/ videoplay?docid=-4139882072561017394)
[45] http:/ / planningcommission. nic. in/ reports/ sereport/ ser/ std_pattrnAP. pdf
[46] "Telengana tantrum" (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ fline/ fl2318/ stories/ 20060922003303400. htm). Hinduonnet.com. . Retrieved
2010-09-14.
[47] "India" (http:/ / lcweb2. loc. gov/ cgi-bin/ query/ r?frd/ cstdy:@field(DOCID+ in0075)). Lcweb2.loc.gov. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[48] "TitlePage-VolII_LS99.PDF" (http:/ / eci. nic. in/ eci_main/ StatisticalReports/ LS_1971/ Vol_I_LS71. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[49] "TitlePage-VolII_LS99.PDF" (http:/ / eci. nic. in/ eci_main/ StatisticalReports/ LS_1971/ Vol_II_LS71. pdf) (PDF). . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[50] "Front Page : Sushma pitches for Telangana" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2010/ 01/ 24/ stories/ 2010012455140100. htm). The Hindu.
2010-01-24. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[51] Amin Jafri, Syed (2001-05-17). "Massive rally demands Telangana state" (http:/ / ia. rediff. com/ news/ 2001/ may/ 17ap1. htm). rediff.com.
. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
[52] "Controversy over SRC blows over" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2004/ 03/ 05/ stories/ 2004030505830600. htm). Andhra Pradesh (The
Hindu). 2004-03-05. . Retrieved 2008-02-16.
[53] "Common Minimum Programme of the Congress led United Progressive Alliance" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071212084846/ http:/
/ www. aicc. org. in/ common-minimum-programme. php). Indian National Congress. May 2004. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.
aicc. org. in/ common-minimum-programme. php) on 2007-12-12. . Retrieved 2008-02-16.
[54] "Sub-committee to look into demand for Telangana" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2004/ 11/ 27/ stories/ 2004112706820101. htm). The Hindu.
2004-11-27. . Retrieved 2008-02-16.
Telangana 9

[55] Amin Jafri, Syed (2006-09-09). "'Take steps for separate Telangana'" (http:/ / ia. rediff. com/ news/ 2006/ sep/ 09telang. htm). rediff.com. .
Retrieved 2008-02-16.
[56] "TRS withdraws support to UPA govt" (http:/ / ia. rediff. com/ news/ 2006/ sep/ 23trs1. htm). rediff.com. 2006-09-23. . Retrieved
2008-02-16.
[57] Devendra Goud’s outfit is Nava Telangana Praja Party (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2008/ 07/ 12/ stories/ 2008071254460600. htm)
[58] TDP announces support to creation of Telangana state (http:/ / in. rediff. com/ news/ 2008/ oct/ 09telan. htm)
[59] BBC News (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 8417755. stm)
[60] NTP merges with PRP (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 02/ 26/ stories/ 2009022650120100. htm)
[61] PRP for T-state (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 02/ 27/ stories/ 2009022753700400. htm)
[62] KCR to launch fast on Nov. 29 (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 11/ 17/ stories/ 2009111756350400. htm)
[63] KCR arrest ahead of his proposed indefinite hunger strike (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 11/ 30/ stories/ 2009113057370100. htm)
[64] TRS activist attempts self- immolation, critical (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 11/ 30/ stories/ 2009113058550300. htm)
[65] Government forcibly administers saline to end KCR's fast (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 01/ stories/ 2009120150220100. htm)
[66] KCR protest confuses miners (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 02/ stories/ 2009120258320300. htm)
[67] OU turns hotspot of students’ angst (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 03/ stories/ 2009120358790300. htm)
[68] Colleges in Telangana closed for 15 days (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 04/ stories/ 2009120452980400. htm)
[69] Constable shoots himself, dies (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 02/ stories/ 2009120259340400. htm)
[70] Telangana bandh total on first day (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 07/ stories/ 2009120756460300. htm)
[71] Thousands of Indian police deployed for Hyderabad rally (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ south_asia/ 8404764. stm)
[72] Oppn parties ask AP Govt to move resolution on Telangana (http:/ / www. zeenews. com/ news585490. html)
[73] "Centre agrees to form Telangana state" (http:/ / www. business-standard. com/ india/ news/ centre-agrees-to-form-telangana-state/ 379142/
). Business Standard. 10 December 2009. . Retrieved 10 December 2009.
[74] It is freedom at midnight (http:/ / news. rediff. com/ slide-show/ 2009/ dec/ 10/
slide-show-1-trs-supporters-celebrate-telangana-statehood-news. htm)
[75] AP: Non-Telangana areas erupt in protests (http:/ / news. rediff. com/ report/ 2009/ dec/ 11/
andhra-crisis-non-telangana-areas-erupt-in-protest. htm)
[76] Wide-ranging consultations needed on Telangana: Centre (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2009/ 12/ 24/ stories/ 2009122457680100. htm)
[77] Students, police clash in Osmania University (http:/ / beta. thehindu. com/ news/ national/ article82872. ece)
[78] Stick to Jan. 28 deadline to quit: Telangana JAC tells legislators (http:/ / beta. thehindu. com/ news/ national/ article82152. ece)
[79] "Govt constitutes 5-member expert committee on Telangana – Yahoo! India News" (http:/ / in. news. yahoo. com/ 242/ 20100203/ 1334/
tnl-govt-constitutes-5-member-expert-com. html). In.news.yahoo.com. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[80] Telangana report on PC table, talks on Jan 6 (http:/ / www. hindustantimes. com/ Telangana-report-on-PC-table-talks-on-Jan-6/
Article1-644744. aspx)
[81] "Full text: Srikrishna report on Telangana - Resources News - IBNLive" (http:/ / ibnlive. in. com/ news/
full-text-srikrishna-report-on-telangana/ 139632-53. html). Ibnlive.in.com. 2010-02-03. . Retrieved 2011-01-26.
[82] Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol I (Main Report) (http:/ / pib. nic. in/ archieve/ others/ 2011/ jan/ d2011010502. pdf)
[83] Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol II (Appendix to the report) (http:/ / pib. nic. in/ archieve/ others/ 2011/ jan/ d2011010503. pdf)
[84] Separate Telangana state only solution: KCR (http:/ / www. ndtv. com/ article/ india/ separate-telangana-state-only-solution-kcr-77677 )
[85] Clashes continue in Osmania University, protests rock Telangana (http:/ / economictimes. indiatimes. com/ news/ politics/ nation/
clashes-continue-in-osmania-university-protests-rock-telangana/ articleshow/ 7237260. cms)
[86] Telangana Cong MPs' ultimatum to Sonia (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ city/ hyderabad/ T-Cong-MPs-ultimatum-to-Sonia/
articleshow/ 7238926. cms)
[87] TDP to launch agitations across T from next week (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ city/ hyderabad/
TDP-to-launch-agitations-across-T-from-next-week/ articleshow/ 7238294. cms)
[88] Andhra Pradesh District Map (http:/ / www. mapsofindia. com/ maps/ andhrapradesh/ andhrapradesh-district. htm)
[89] "BRGF District" (http:/ / panchayat. gov. in/ brgf/ Report. do?method=BRGFdistrict). Panchayat.gov.in. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[90] Screen shot for http:/ / panchayat. gov. in/ brgf/ Report. do?method=BRGFdistrict (http:/ / i49. tinypic. com/ 20tj63a. jpg)
[91] Screen shot for Backward Region grant fund(BRGF) by Govt of India (http:/ / i46. tinypic. com/ 11c8dj5. jpg)
[92] "Telangana and Muslims" (http:/ / www. twocircles. net/ 2009dec12/ telangana_and_muslims. html). TwoCircles.net. . Retrieved
2010-09-14.
[93] Region-wise distribution of religious groups 2001 - Table 7.2 in page 381 of SKC report (http:/ / pib. nic. in/ archieve/ others/ 2011/ jan/
d2011010502. pdf)
[94] "Census of India – DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE" (http:/ / www. censusindia. gov. in/ Census_Data_2001/
Census_Data_Online/ Language/ Statement3. htm). Censusindia.gov.in. . Retrieved 2010-09-14.
[95] http:/ / www. languageinindia. com/ april2003/ urduinap. html
[96] Hyderabadi Culture (http:/ / www. explohyd. com/ cul. html)
[97] Hyderabadi Cultural Spirit (http:/ / hyderabadonline. in/ Profile/ Culture/ )
Telangana 10

External links
• Demand for Telangana State: genuine and justified., Vijaya Bhaskar, 2010 (http://thecompassionateindian.
blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html)
• Official history of AP on AP Government website (http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick links/hist-cult/
history_post.html)
• Telangana movement article in US Library of Congress (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/
cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0075))
• Committee on Telangana surpluses – 1969 Report by Justice Bhargava (http://books.google.com/
books?id=mISVwxcF5asC&ots=knn_jTsLVn&pg=PA175)
• Telangana Information Task Force – by rashu (http://www.etelangana.org/).
• Subregionalism in India – A case of Telangana by Duncan B.Forrester (http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/
2753831.pdf). Alternate link (http://www.simplytelangana.com/2010/07/18/
sub-regionalism-in-india-the-case-of-telangana-by-duncan-b-forrester/)
• Planning Commission Document: Regional Balances in AP (http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/
sereport/ser/std_pattrnAP.pdf)
• The Historical Context of Andhra and Telangana, 1949–56 – Economic & Political Weekly, February 20, 2010
vol xlv no 8 (http://telanganaissue.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/14469.pdf)
• State reorganization committee reports at Wiki Source
• Fasting, Mining, Politicking? Telangana and the Burdens of History, D. Parthasarathy (http://esocialsciences.
com/eSSResearchPapers/displayArticles.asp?aid=90&type=0)
• Modern Hyderabad(Deccan) by John Law, 1914 (http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/20246497/1359621715/
name/HYderabad)
• The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants by KAREN LEONARD ; Source: The Journal of Asian
Studies, Vol. 30, No. 3 (May, 1971), pp. 569–582 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2052461 (http://
xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/20246497/1229319969/name/Hyderabad)
• Nizam – British Relations 1724–1857 by Sarojini Regani published 1963 (http://books.google.co.in/
books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&
f=false)
• Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol I (Main Report) (http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/
d2011010502.pdf)
• Sri Krishna Committee Report – Vol II (Appendix to the report) (http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/2011/jan/
d2011010503.pdf)
• Srikrishna Committee on Telangana: Recommendations at Variance with the Analysis - C.H Hanumanth Rao
(http://epw.in/epw/uploads/articles/15660.pdf)
Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and Contributors


Telangana  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=415562256  Contributors: 99jake9999, A8UDI, Aarkaywee, Aberglaube, Abhishek191288, Abrajang, AgarwalSumeet, Ajcheema,
Aleenf1, Alren, Altruism, Amarnath aravabhoomi, Anandvemuganti, Andhrawala1, AndrewRT, Andrhawala, Anil.damara, Anil1956, Anish7, Ankush 1947, AnonMoos, Apoorv020, Appraiser,
Aravindkumar123, Arbeo, Arienh4, Arjun red555, Arunkumar 401, Attapurxpress, Autoerrant, AxelBoldt, Badagnani, Baludasari, Barastert, Bash425, Bcrao 17, Beetstra, Behemoth, Benbonji,
Bielle, Bigsuperindia, BlastOButter42, Bmaganti, Bndy206, Boochipalli, Boomshadow, Boromir123, Briangammill, Btarunr, C21K, CarTick, Ccrazymann, Chaitsakkins, Chandu15, Chaosdruid,
Chawla.mohali, Chilledbeer, ChiragPatnaik, Chitrada, Chris the speller, ChrisCork, ClamDip, Closedmouth, Cnu4196, CommonsDelinker, Crystallina, Current007, DARTH SIDIOUS 2,
Darklilac, Dartdisah, DeadEyeArrow, Deanjens, Debiandev, Deepak D'Souza, Deepcamry, Deshineni, Deville, Diannaa, Discospinster, Divyalekhashail, Dn9ahx, Doorvery far, Dr.Raj Bairi,
Drabhishekgoli, Dravidyan hero, Drm 1976, Dshah74, Eastmain, Editore99, El C, Elitegroupz, Enquire, EoGuy, Esperant, EverywhereMan, Evox777, Extra999, Fruitpunchline, Fyyer, Gaius
Cornelius, Ganapatideva, Ganeshk, Ginepr, Giraffedata, GlassCobra, Global contributor, GoingBatty, Gppande, Gr8opinionater, Gr8white, Gvsreddy, Gyanster, Harish victory, Harlequin516,
Hemanshu, Heszy, Hprcb, Huaiwei, Hugo999, Hv1972, HyderbadKing, Ian.thomson, Imc, Indya1000, Infojk, Iridescent, Ism schism, JaGa, Jagged, JagoreTelangana, Jeroen, Jeysaba, Jncraton,
JoJan, John K, Jsrikanthrao, Kaibeyblade, Kanred, Kartheek.pro, Karthikhhr, Kattywilliams999, KaySL, Kmmaganti, Koavf, Kommidi79, Kribbeh, Krishmlg, Krzy32, Kuyabribri, Kwamikagami,
Lihaas, LilHelpa, Little Professor, M8al, MER-C, Maaparty, Madhav buddhi, Madraschap, Magioladitis, Mairi, Manosij.m, Metsavend, Michael Devore, MikeLynch, Minimac, Mks86,
MohanPodile, Moocha, Moohith, Mprulez, MrStalker, Murali Thoota, N5iln, NCurse, NHRHS2010, Nagenderch, Naveenswiki, Neal007, Neer pkr, NeilN, Nik99, Nikkul, Niranjanreddy1983,
NortyNort, Notedgrant, Notinasnaid, Onef9day, Orangemike, Osarius, Pacobob, Peopleatdharmaram, Phani22, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Pinethicket, Planemad, Polar, Polly, Poweroid,
PraveenForTruth, Preethamraot, Quadell, RL0919, Raghurecw, Raj808, Rajasekhar1961, Rajeshnagelli, Rajkiran g, Rajpalrao, Rak3sh, Ram drsn, Ramcrk, Randhirreddy, RandomCritic,
Ranuqrao, Razimantv, Razor12 telangana, Regancy42, Ronnotel, RoyBoy, Rrburke, Rudolf 1922, S ChaitanyaWiki, Sandupatla, Sardaga, SarekOfVulcan, Sarianki, Satishsir, Sean.hoyland,
Seetamma, Seshikiran143, ShakingSpirit, Shivashree, Shyamsunder, Signalhead, Sk201, SkyWalker, Slon02, Snagul, Sonris, Spottavathini, Srikar1369, Srikipedia, Srinivasmv419, Srisez,
Ssri1983, Stephen high, Sumanthk, Sundeep.gone, Superhuman1, TRay ECE, Tabletop, Teach46, Tedder, Tejadts, Telangana, Telanganawarrior, Telugodu123, Telusuko, Telusuko1, Tenalikh,
Thatguyflint, The Silent Contributor, The Wordsmith, The.lord.of.war, Thiseye, Tim Ross, Tobias Conradi, ToddSweeney, Tom Radulovich, Toussaint, Tri400, Truetelangana, UnitedState,
Vamsheekreddy, Vamsisv, Vbraju, Venkateshinida, Venugopal alugoju, Vhrk2, Vicky006, Vijast1, Vijeth, Vikramarka999, Vincentleonard, Vipinhari, Virtuosoinastronomy2, Vishnukvv,
Vishwesh86, Vittal sriramula, Vjindia123, Vkailasa, Vmaroju, Vmnet, Vnadepal, Votreami, Vsreddy123, Vyzasatya, Wai Hong, Welsh, WikHead, Wikiace, Windchaser, WolfgangFaber,
Woohookitty, World8115, YellowMonkey, Yellowdesk, Zhou Yu, 1014 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors


file:India Telangana locator map.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_Telangana_locator_map.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: Ahonc, CommonsDelinker,
CommonsDelinkerHelper, Planemad, Siebrand, Vanished user 001, Xufanc
File:Hyderabad india .jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Hyderabad_india_.jpg  License: Creative Commons world66  Contributors: user:nikkul
File:India Palace .jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_Palace_.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Roland zh
File:Telengana.PNG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Telengana.PNG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5  Contributors: Bmaganti, Roland zh
File:India food.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_food.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0  Contributors: Karan Verma

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
http:/ / creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 0/

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi