Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
This paper concerns the optimization and electromechanical oscillations. In this paper, a
coordination of the conventional FACTS (Flexible multi machine system with UPFC is simulated.
multi machine power system. Firstly, the between interconnected synchronous generators is
parameters of FACTS controller are optimized. necessary for secure system operation. A well-
Then, a hybrid fuzzy logic controller for the designed FACTS controller can not only increase
coordination of FACTS controllers is presented. the transmission capability but also improve the
This coordination method is well suitable to series power system stability. A series of approaches
connected FACTS devices like UPFC, TCSC etc. have been made in developing damping control
in damping multi-modal oscillations in multi- strategy for FACTS devices. The researches are
machine power systems. Digital simulations of a mostly based on single machine system. However,
multi-machine power system subjected to a wide FACTS devices are always installed in multi-
variety of disturbances and different structures machine systems. The coordination between
validate the efficiency of the new approach. FACTS controllers and other power system
controllers is very important.
Fuzzy- Coordination Controller, Damping, in this paper for the coordinated of traditional
Nowadays, FACTS devices can be used to the effect of certain cases coming from power
control the power flow and enhance system system. Furthermore, fuzzy logic controllers do
stability. They are playing an increasing and major not require a mathematical model of the system.
role in the operation and control of power systems. They can cover a wider range of operating
The UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) is the conditions and they are robust.
most versatile and powerful FACTS device .The This paper focuses on the optimization of
parameters in the transmission line, i.e. line conventional power oscillation damping (POD)
2
controllers and fuzzy logic coordination of them.
By using fuzzy-coordination controller, the
coordination objectives of the FACTS devices are
quite well achieved.
2. SYSTEM MODEL
2.1. POWER SYSTEM MODEL The UPFC has several operating modes. Two
A three machine nine bus interconnected control modes are possible for the shunt control:
power system is simulated in this paper. There are
two UPFCs in the power system: between Bus2 1) VAR control mode: the reference input is an
Bus3 and, Bus6 Bus7. The diagram of the power inductive or capacitive Var request;
system model is shown in Fig. 1. The system 2) Automatic voltage control mode: the goal is
parameters are given in Appendix 1. to maintain the transmission line voltage at the
connection point to a reference value.
By the control of series voltage, UPFC can be
operated in four different ways
1) Direct voltage injection mode: the reference
inputs are directly the magnitude and phase angle
of the series voltage;
2) Phase angle shifter emulation mode: the
2.2. UPFC Model (UPFC Theory) reference input is phase displacement between the
Basically, the UPFC have two voltage sending end voltage and the receiving end voltage;
source inverters (VSI) sharing a common dc 3) Line impedance emulation mode: the reference
storage capacitor. It is connected to the system input is an impedance value to insert in series with
through two coupling transformers. One VSI is the line impedance;
connected in shunt to the system via a shunt 4) Automatic power flow control mode: the
transformer. The other one is connected in series reference inputs are values of P and Q to maintain
through a series transformer. The UPFC scheme is on the transmission line despite system changes.
shown in Fig. 2. Generally, for damping of power system
oscillations, UPFC will be operated in the direct
voltage injection mode. The mathematic model of
3
UPFC for the dynamic simulation is shown in Fig. 3.2. POD Controller
3. Commonly the POD controllers involve a
transfer function consisting of an amplification
link, a washout link and two lead-lag links. A
block diagram of the conventional POD controller
is illustrated in Fig. 5. In this paper the active
power of the transmission line is used as input
signal
3. CONTROL SCHEME
operated in the direct voltage injection mode. In effectively in single machine system. In order to
this mode, the UPFC output is the series improve the dynamic performance of a multi-
compensation voltage V se. This voltage is machine system, the behavior of the controllers
perpendicular to the line current I line and the must be coordinated. Otherwise the power system
shown in Fig.4, the damping control of the UPFC 3.3. Fuzzy Logic Control
is the same as a TCSC POD control scheme. By In order to keep the advantage of the
the control of the magnitude of V se, the series existing POD controller and to improve its control
compensation damping control can be achieved. performance in multi machine systems, the hybrid
fuzzy coordinated controller is suggested in this
paper.
Fuzzy logic controller is one of the most
practically successful approaches for utilizing the
qualitative knowledge of a system to design a
controller .In this paper the main function of the
fuzzy logic control is to coordinate the operation of
FACTS controllers. In section 4 the design of the
4
fuzzy logic coordinated controller is presented in the restrictions of the POD parameter. (I.e. the
detail. restrictions of lead-lag links and wash-out links).
In this simulation, only the inequality functions
B(x) are necessary.
4.2.1 Fuzzification
Fuzzification is a process whereby the
input variables are mapped onto fuzzy variables
To cope with the coordination problem, the (linguistic variables). Each fuzzified variable has a
optimization based coordination and the feedback certain membership function. The inputs are
signal based coordination have been developed. fuzzified using three fuzzy sets: B (big), M
Also fuzzy logic has successfully been applied to (medium) and S (small), as shown in Fig. 8.
coordination. The method used in is using the
6
4.2.2 Inference
Control decisions are made based on the
fuzzified variables. Inference involves rules for
determining output decisions. Due to the input
variables having three fuzzified variables, the
fuzzy-coordination controller has nine rules for
each UPFC controller. The rules can be obtained
The membership function of the small set is: from the system operation and the knowledge of
the operator. Table 1 shows the inference system.
To determine the degree of memberships
for output variables, the Min-Max inference is
applied. Both of the two UPFC controllers use the
same inference system. Only the inputs of them are
Where x, namely P UPFC1 or P UPFC2, is the exchanged. (as shown in Fig. 7)
input to the fuzzy controller. Similarly the big set
membership function is:
5. SIMULATION RESULTS seen that with the proposed controller, the dynamic
The parameter optimization is made in improved. The pre-fault operating condition (in
single machine system. Fig. 9 demonstrates the p.u.) is: P1=0.105, P2=0.185.
Using the multi-machine power system different: a three-phase fault of 110 ms duration is
shown in Fig. 1, different disturbances and simulated at Bus 3. Fig. 11 shows the results of the
different network parameters are simulated. The simulation. The proposed controller acts pretty
performance of the fuzzy-coordination controller well with the variation of operation condition.
6. CONCLUSIONS
9
Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: help@matlabcodes.com
Engineeringpapers.blogspot.com
More Papers and Presentations
available on above site