Climate of the Philippines

The Philippines has five types of climates: tropical rainforest, tropical

savanna, tropical monsoon, humid subtropical, and oceanic (both are in
higher-altitude areas) characterized by relatively high temperature,
oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall.There are two seasons in the
country, the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of
rainfall.[1] This is also dependent on location in the country as some
areas experience rain all throughout the year (seeClimate types). Based
on temperature, the warmest months of the year are March through
October; the winter monsoon brings cooler air from November to
February. May is the warmest month, and January,the coolest.[2]

Weather in the Philippines is monitored and managed by Philippine

Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA).

Contents
Rainfall
Typhoons
Public Storm Warning System (PSWS)
Strongest typhoons
Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Typhoon Angela (Rosing)
Typhoon Bopha (Pablo)
Typhoon Megi (Juan)
Climate types
Temperature
Humidity
Seasons
Notes Evening Thunderstorms, bringing
rain over the Philippines is common
References
from March to October.
Sources
External links

Rainfall
Monsoons are large-scale sea breezes which occur when the temperature on land is significantly warmer or cooler than the temperature
of the ocean. Most summer monsoons have a dominant westerly component and a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious
amounts of rain (because of the condensation of water vapor in the rising air). The intensity and duration, however, are not uniform
from year to year. Winter monsoons, by contrast, have a dominant easterly component and a strong tendency to diverge, subside and
cause drought.
The summer monsoon brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October. Annual average rainfall ranges from as
much as 5,000 millimetres (197 in) in the mountainous east coast section of the country, to less than 1,000 millimetres (39 in) in some
of the sheltered valleys. Monsoon rains, although hard and drenching, are not normally associated with high winds and waves.

At least 30 percent of the annual rainfall in the northern Philippines can be traced to tropical cyclones, while the southern islands
receiving less than 10 percent of their annual rainfall from tropical cyclones. The wettest known tropical cyclone to impact the
archipelago was the July 1911 cyclone, when the total precipitation for Baguio was distributed over the four days as: 14th – 879.8 mm
[3][4] followed by extraordinary drought from
(34.6 in), 15th – 733.6 mm (28.9 in), 16th – 424.9 mm (16.7 in), 17th – 200.4 mm (7.9 in);
October 1911 to May 1912, so that the annual amount of those two years were hardly noticeable.

Typhoons
The Philippines sit across the typhoon belt, making dangerous storms from PAGASA's
July through October. These are especially hazardous for northern and Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale
eastern Luzon and the Bicol and Eastern Visayas regions, but Manila gets Category Sustained winds
devastated periodically as well. Bagyo is the Filipino term to any tropical ≥119 knots
Super Typhoon
cyclone in the Philippine Islands.[4] From the statistics gathered by ≥220 km/h
PAGASA from 1948 to 2004, around an average of 28 storms and/or 64–119 knots
Typhoon
typhoons per year enter the PAR (Philippine Area of Responsibility) – the
118–220 km/h
48–63 knots
designated area assigned to PAGASA to monitor during weather Severe Tropical Storm
89–117 km/h
disturbances. Those that made landfall or crossed the Philippines, the
34–47 knots
average was nine per year. In 1993, a record 19 typhoons made landfall in Tropical Storm
62–88 km/h
the country making it the most in one year. The fewest per year were 4
≤33 knots
during the years 1955, 1958, 1992 and 1997.[5] Tropical Depression
≤61 km/h
PAGASA categorises typhoons into five types according to wind speed.
Once a tropical cyclone enters the PAR, regardless of strength, it is given a local name for identification purposes by the media,
government, and the general public.[6]

Public Storm Warning System (PSWS)

Signal #1
For the past ten years, the Philippines has experienced a number of extremely
winds of 30–60 km/h (20-37 mph)
damaging tropical cyclones, particularly typhoons with more than 20 km/h (12 mph;
are expected to occur within 36
11 kn; 5.6 m/s) of sustained winds. Because of this, the Super Typhoon (STY)
hours
category with more than 220 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn; 61 m/s) maximum sustained
winds was officially adopted by the PAGASA. However, according to different Signal #2
stakeholders, the extensive and devastating damages caused by strong typhoons such winds of 61–120 km/h (38–
as Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 made the four‑levelwarning system inadequate. 73 mph) are expected to occur
within 24 hours

Strongest typhoons Signal #3

winds of 121–170 km/h, (74–
105 mph) are expected to occur
Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) within 18 hours.
The deadliest typhoon to impact the Philippines was Typhoon Haiyan, locally known Signal #4
as Yolanda, in November 2013, in which more than 6,300 lives were lost from its winds of 171–220 km/h, (106–
storm surges and powerful winds. Over 1,000 went missing and nearly 20,000 were 137 mph) are expected to occur
injured. Winds reached 315 km/h (196 mph; 170 kn; 88 m/s) in one–minute sustained within 12 hours.
and may have been the strongest storm in history in terms of wind speeds as wind
Signal #5
speeds before the 1970s were too high to record.
winds of at least 220 km/h,
Typhoon Angela (Rosing) (137 mph) are expected to occur
within 12 hours.
Back in 1995, where Typhoon Angela, known as Rosing was an extremely
catastrophic category 5 typhoon that made landfall in Catanduanes and made across
Manila. Winds reached 290 km/h (180 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Rosing took 936 lives and the most powerful typhoon that
ever hit Metro Manila.

Typhoon Bopha (Pablo)

On late December 3, 2012,Typhoon Bopha or known as Pablo made landfall on Eastern Mindanao, damage was over 1.04 billion USD
by winds of 280 km/h (175 mph) on one-minute sustain winds. Typhoon Bopha was the most powerful typhoon ever hit Mindanao,
killing 1,067 people and 834 people were missing. Most of the damage was caused by rushing storm sur
ges and screaming winds.

Typhoon Megi (Juan)

In terms of central pressure, Typhoon Megi (2010) measured 885 mb. This was the strongest storm ever to make landfall in terms of
pressure.

It was 295 kph (185 mph) in terms of one-minute sustained winds, killing 67 people and costing over 700 million USD in damage.

Climate types
There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and Four kinds of tropical sunshine (°C)
they are based on the distribution of rainfall (See the Philippine
Climate Map at the top).[a] They are described as follows:[1]

Type Two pronounced seasons: dry from

November to April and wet during
Ⅰ
the rest of the year.
Type No dry season with a pronounced
Ⅱ rainfall from November to January.
Seasons are not very pronounced,
Type relatively dry from November to
Ⅲ April, and wet during the rest of the
year.
Type Rainfall is more or less evenly
Ⅳ distributed throughout the year.

Four kinds of tropical rain (mm)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100
 J F M A M J J A S O N D

Climate: Type Ⅰ
Manila
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average °C 29.8 30.6 32.3 33.7 33.8 32.1 31.0 30.5 30.6 30.9 30.5 29.7 31.3
high °F 85.6 87.1 90.1 92.7 92.8 89.8 87.8 86.9 87.1 87.6 86.9 85.5 88.3

Average °C 25.7 26.1 27.5 28.8 29.3 28.3 27.5 27.3 27.2 27.3 26.8 25.9 27.3
mean °F 78.3 79.0 81.5 83.8 84.7 82.9 81.5 81.1 81.0 81.1 80.2 78.6 81.1

Average °C 21.6 21.6 22.7 24.0 24.9 24.6 24.1 24.1 23.9 23.7 23.1 22.2 23.4
low °F 70.9 70.9 72.9 75.2 76.8 76.3 75.4 75.4 75.0 74.7 73.6 72.0 74.1

Average mm 17 8 13 26 125 273 407 441 346 193 135 63 2,047

rainfall in 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 4.9 10.7 16.0 17.4 13.6 7.6 5.3 2.5 81

climate-data.org[7] February 2016

Climate: Type Ⅱ
Borongan, Eastern Samar
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average °C 29.1 29.3 30.1 31.1 31.8 32.1 32.0 32.2 32.3 31.5 30.5 29.7 31.0
high °F 84.4 84.7 86.2 88.0 89.2 89.8 89.6 90.0 90.1 88.7 86.9 85.5 87.8

Average °C 25.8 25.8 26.4 27.1 27.7 27.9 27.8 27.9 28.0 27.4 26.7 26.3 27.1
mean °F 78.4 78.4 79.5 80.8 81.9 82.2 82.0 82.2 82.4 81.3 80.1 79.3 80.8

Average °C 22.5 22.4 22.7 23.2 23.7 23.7 23.6 23.7 23.7 23.3 23.0 22.9 23.2
low °F 72.5 72.3 72.9 73.8 74.7 74.7 74.5 74.7 74.7 73.9 73.4 73.2 73.8

Average mm 565 394 308 262 315 221 218 201 194 290 508 633 4,109
rainfall in 22.2 15.5 12.1 10.3 12.4 8.7 8.6 7.9 7.6 11.4 20.0 24.9 162

climate-data.org[8] February 2016

Climate: Type Ⅲ
Cebu City
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average °C 30.2 30.4 31.4 32.5 33.0 32.3 31.9 31.9 31.7 31.5 31.3 30.7 31.6
high °F 86.4 86.7 88.5 90.5 91.4 90.1 89.4 89.4 89.1 88.7 88.3 87.3 88.9

Average °C 26.3 26.5 27.1 28.1 28.6 28.2 27.9 27.9 27.7 27.5 27.4 26.9 27.5
mean °F 79.3 79.7 80.8 82.6 83.5 82.8 82.2 82.2 81.9 81.5 81.3 80.4 81.5

Average °C 22.5 22.6 22.8 23.7 24.3 24.1 23.9 24.0 23.7 23.6 23.5 23.1 23.5
low °F 72.5 72.7 73.0 74.7 75.7 75.4 75.0 75.2 74.7 74.5 74.3 73.6 74.3

Average mm 103 79 59 65 115 176 192 164 174 193 166 121 1,607
rainfall in 4.1 3.1 2.3 2.6 4.5 6.9 7.6 6.5 6.9 7.6 6.5 4.8 63

climate-data.org[9] February 2016

Climate: Type Ⅳ
General Santos
 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average °C 32.2 32.5 33.1 33.4 32.3 31.4 31.0 31.1 31.5 31.9 31.2 32.1 32.1
high °F 90.0 90.5 91.6 92.1 90.1 88.5 87.8 88.0 88.7 89.4 88.2 89.8 89.8

Average °C 26.8 27.0 27.4 27.9 27.5 26.9 26.5 26.5 26.8 27.1 27.1 26.9 27.0
mean °F 80.2 80.6 81.3 82.2 81.5 80.4 79.7 79.7 80.2 80.8 80.8 80.4 80.6

Average °C 21.4 21.5 21.7 22.4 22.7 22.4 22.0 22.0 22.2 22.3 22.0 21.8 22.0
low °F 70.5 70.7 71.1 72.3 72.9 72.3 71.6 71.6 72.0 72.1 71.6 71.2 71.6

Average mm 68 69 47 57 108 118 110 93 84 113 98 87 1,052

rainfall in 2.7 2.7 1.9 2.2 4.3 4.6 4.3 3.7 3.3 4.4 3.9 3.4 41

climate-data.org[10] February 2016

Temperature
The average year-round temperature measured from all the weather stations in the Philippines, except Baguio City, is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F).
Cooler days are usually felt in the month of January with temperature averaging at 25.5 °C (77.9 °F) and the warmest days, in the
month of May with a mean of 28.3 °C (82.9 °F).[1] Elevation factors significantly in the variation of temperature in the Philippines. In
Baguio City, with an elevation of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level, the mean average is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) or cooler by about 4.3 °C
(8 °F). In 1915, a one-year study wasconducted by William H. Brown of the Philippine Journal of Science on top ofMount Banahaw at
2,100 m (6,900 ft) elevation. The mean temperature measured was 18.6 °C (65.5 °F), a difference of 10 °C (18 °F) from the lowland
mean temperature.[11]

Humidity
Relative humidity is high in the Philippines. A high amount of moisture or vapor in the air makes hot temperatures feel hotter. This
quantity of moisture is due to different factors – the extraordinary evaporation from the seas that surrounds the country on all sides, to
the different prevailing winds in the different seasons of the year, and finally, to the abundant rains so common in a tropical country.
The first may be considered as general causes of the great humidity, which is generally observed in all the islands throughout the year.
The last two may influence the different degree of humidity for the different months of the year and for the different regions of the
archipelago.[12]

Seasons
The climate of the country is divided into two main seasons:

1. the rainy season, from June to the early part of October;

2. the dry season, from the later part of October to May
. The dry season may be subdivided further into (a) the cool dry
.[1] The months of
season, from the later part of October to February; and (b) the hot dry season, from March to May
April and May, the hot and dry months whenschools are on their long break between academic years, is referred to as
summer while in most of the northern hemisphere those months are part ofspring.

Months November–February March–May June–August September–October

Rainfall DRY WET
Temperature COOL HOT
Season Cool Dry Hot Dry Rainy

Notes
a. This classification was first established byCoronas 1920, pp. 68–72 and then slightly modified by P
AGASA (Flores &
Balagot 1969; Kintanar 1984).
References
1. "Climate of the Philippines"(https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114718/https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov .ph/index.php/
climate-of-the-philippines). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration . Archived
from the original (https://kidlat.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/climate-of-the-philippines)on 2015-11-15. Retrieved
26 November 2015.
2. Coronas 1920.
3. Coronas 1920, p. 110.
4. Glossary of Meteorology. Baguio. (http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/browse?s=b&p=4) Retrieved on 2008-
06-11.
5. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.Tropical
" Cyclone Statistics(http://kidl
at.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130525212029/http://kidlat.pagasa.d
ost.gov.ph/cab/statfram.htm) 2013-05-25 at the Wayback Machine.". Retrieved on 2010-06-26.
6. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions:
What are the upcoming tropical cyclone names?"(http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B2.html). NOAA. Retrieved
2006-12-11.
7. "Climatological Information for Manila"(http://en.climate-data.org/location/1952/). AmbiWeb GmbH. Retrieved
17 February 2016.
8. "Climatological Information for Borongan, Eastern Samar"(http://en.climate-data.org/location/20831/). AmbiWeb
GmbH. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
9. "Climatological Information for Cebu City"(http://en.climate-data.org/location/3183/). AmbiWeb GmbH. Retrieved
17 February 2016.
10. "Climatological Information for General Santos"(http://en.climate-data.org/location/997978/). AmbiWeb GmbH.
Retrieved 17 February 2016.
11. Coronas 1920, p. 53.
12. Coronas 1920, p. 125.

Sources
Coronas, José (1920).The Climate and Weather of the Philippines,1903 – 1918. Manila Observatory: Bureau of
Philippines.
Flores, J. F.; Balagot, V. F. (1969). Arakawa, Hidetoshi, ed.Ch. 3: Climate of the Philippines. World Survey of
Climatology. Vol. 8: Climates of Northern and Eastern Asia. Elsevier . ISBN 978-0444407047.
Kintanar, R. L. (1984). Climate of the Philippines. PAGASA.

External links
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