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Image: frenchtoday.com
Bahasa Prancis Dasar
Spelling
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Basic words
Bonjour Bonsoir Bonne nuit
/bɔ̃ʒuʀ/ /bɔ̃swaʀ/ /bɔn nɥi/
Hello / Good day / Good Good evening Good night (only said when
morning going to bed)
Salut Au revoir S'il vous plaît / S'il te plaît
/saly/ /ɔʀ(ə)vwaʀ/ /sil vu plɛ/
Hi / Bye Goodbye Please (formal / informal)
Merci (beaucoup) De rien Je vous en prie
/mɛʀsi boku/ /də ʀjɛ/̃ /ʒəvu zɑ̃ pri/
Thank you (very much) You're welcome. You're welcome. (formal)/
Go ahead.
Bienvenu(e) Allons-y! A tout à l'heure
/bjɛṽ əny/ /alɔ̃ zi/ /a tu ta lœʀ/
Welcome (also You're Let's go! See you in a little while
welcome in Quebec)
A plus tard A bientôt A demain
/a ply taʀ/ /a bjɛt̃ o/ /a dəmɛ/̃
See you later See you soon See you tomorrow
Je suis désolé(e) Pardon ! Excusez-moi !
/dezɔle/ /paʀdɔ̃/ /ekskyze mwa/
I'm sorry Excuse me! (pushing Excuse me! (getting
through a crowd) / Sorry! someone's attention) / I'm
(stepped on someone's sorry! (more formal
foot) apology)
Comment allez-vous ? Je vais bien Très bien / mal / pas mal
/kɔmɑ̃ tale vu/ /ʒə ve bjɛ/̃ /tʀɛ bjɛ/̃ /mal/ /pa mal/
How are you? (formal) I'm fine. Very good / bad / not bad
Ça va ? Ça va Oui / non
/sa va/ /sa va/ /wi/ /nɔ̃/
How are you? (informal) I'm fine. (informal response Yes / no
to Ça va ?)
Comment vous appelez- Tu t'appelles comment ? Je m'appelle...
vous ? /ty tapɛl kɔmɑ̃/ /ʒə mapɛl/
/kɔmɑ̃ vu zaple vu/ What's your name? My name is...
What's your name? (formal) (informal)
Enchanté(e) Monsieur, Madame, Mesdames et Messieurs
/ɑ̃ʃɑ̃te/ Mademoiselle /medam/ /mesjø/
Nice to meet you. /məsjø/ /madam/ Ladies and gentlemen
/madwazɛl/
Mister, Misses, Miss
Vous êtes d'où ? / Vous Tu es d'où ? / Tu viens Je suis de... / Je viens de...
venez d'où ? d'où ? /ʒə sɥi də/ /ʒə vjɛ̃ də/
/vu zɛt du/ /vu vəne du/ /ty ɛ du/ /ty vjɛ̃ du/ I am from...
Where are you from? Where are you from?
(formal) (informal)
Où habitez-vous ? Tu habites où ? J'habite à...
/u abite vu/ /ty abit u/ /ʒabit a/
Where do you live? (formal) Where do you live? I live in...
(informal)
Quel âge avez-vous ? Tu as quel âge ? J'ai ____ ans.
/kɛl ɑʒ ave vu/ /ty ɑ kɛl ɑʒ/ /ʒe __ ɑ̃/
How old are you? (formal) How old are you? I am ____ years old.
(informal)
Parlez-vous français ? / Tu Je parle allemand. Je ne parle pas espagnol.
parles anglais ? /ʒə paʀl almɑ/̃ /ʒə nə paʀl pa ɛspaɲɔl/
/paʀle vu frɑ̃sɛ/ /ty paʀl I speak German. I don't speak Spanish.
ɑ̃glɛ/
Do you speak French?
(formal) / Do you speak
English? (informal)
Comprenez-vous? / Tu Je comprends Je ne comprends pas
comprends? /ʒə kɔ̃pʀɑ̃/ /ʒə nə kɔ̃pʀɑ̃ pa/
/kɔ̃pʀəne vu/ /ty kɔ̃pʀɑ̃/ I understand I don't understand
Do you understand? (formal
/ informal)
Pouvez-vous m'aider ? / Tu Bien sûr. Comment ?
peux m'aider ? /bjɛ̃ syʀ/ /kɔmɑ̃/
/puve vu mede/ /ty pø Of course. What? Pardon?
mede/
Can you help me? (formal /
informal)
Tenez / Tiens Je sais Je ne sais pas
/təne/ /tjɛ/̃ /ʒə sɛ/ /ʒən sɛ pa/
Hey / Here (formal / I know I don't know
informal)
Où est ... / Où sont ... ? Voici / Voilà Il y a ... / Il y avait...
/u ɛ/ /u sɔ̃/ /vwasi/ /vwala/ /il i a/ /il i avɛ/
Where is ... / Where are ... ? Here is/are... / There it is. There is / are... / There was
/ were...
Comment dit-on ____ en Qu'est-ce que c'est que ça Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ?
français ? ? /kɛs kil i a/
/kɔmɑ̃ di tɔ̃ __ ɑ̃ fʀɑ̃sɛ/ /kɛs kə sɛ kə sa/ What's the matter?
How do you say ____ in What is that?
French?
Ça ne fait rien. Qu'est-ce qui se passe ? Je n'ai aucune idée.
/sa nə fɛ ʀjɛ/̃ /kɛs ki sə pas/ /ʒə ne okyn ide/
It doesn't matter. What's happening? I have no idea.
Je suis fatigué(e) / Je suis J'ai faim / J'ai soif. J'ai chaud / J'ai froid.
malade. /ʒe fɛ/̃ /ʒe swaf/ /ʒe ʃo/ /ʒe fʀwɑ/
/ʒə sɥi fatiɡe/ /ʒə sɥi I'm hungry / I'm thirsty. I'm hot / I'm cold.
malad/
I'm tired / I'm sick.
Je m'ennuie. Ça m'est égal. / Je m'en Ne vous en faites pas. / Ne
/ʒə mɑ̃nɥi/ fiche. t'en fais pas.
I'm bored. /sa mɛ teɡal/ /ʒə mɑ̃ fiʃ/ /nə vu ɑ̃ fɛt pa/ /nə tɑ̃ fɛ
It's the same to me / I pa/
don't care. (informal) Don't worry (formal /
informal)
Ce n'est pas grave. J'ai oublié. Je dois y aller.
/sə nɛ pa gʀav/ /ʒe ublije/ /ʒə dwa i ale/
It's no problem. / It's alright. I forgot. I must go.
A vos souhaits ! / A tes Félicitations ! Bonne chance !
souhaits ! /felisitasjɔ̃/ /bɔn ʃɑ̃s/
/a vo swɛ/ /a te swɛ/ Congratulations! Good luck!
Bless you! (formal /
informal)
C'est à vous ! / C'est à toi ! Taisez-vous ! / Tais-toi ! Je vous aime / Je t'aime
/sɛ ta vu/ /sɛ ta twɑ/ /tɛze vu/ /tɛ twɑ/ /ʒə vu zɛm/ /ʒə tɛm/
It's your turn! (formal / Shut up! / Be quiet! (formal I love you (formal & plural
informal) / informal) / informal)
Tu me manques. Quoi de neuf ? Pas grand-chose.
/ty mə mɑ̃k/ /kwɑ də nœf/ /pa gʀɑ̃ ʃoz/
I miss you. (informal) What's new? Not a whole lot.
so so comme ci, comme ça /kɔm si, kɔm sa/ late en retard /ɑ̃ ʀətaʀ/
avoir tort /avwaʀ tɔʀ/ to be wrong être sur le /ɛtʀ syʀ lə to be about
point de pwɛ̃ də/ to
Where Où /u/
• Connaître is used when you know (are familiar with) people, places, food, movies,
books, etc. and savoir is used when you know facts.
• Another past tense (passé composé) uses the present tense forms of avoir plus the
past participle of faire: fait.
• J'ai fait translates as I did/made whereas je faisais translates as I was doing/making,
I used to do/make (continuous action in the past).
Faire is used in expressions of weather (il fait beau) and many other
idiomatic expressions:
faire de (a sport) to play (a sport)
faire le sourd / l'innocent to act deaf / innocent
faire le (subject in school) to do / study (subject)
faire le ménage to do the housework
faire la cuisine to do the cooking
faire la lessive to do laundry
faire la vaisselle to do the dishes
faire une promenade to take a walk
faire un voyage to take a trip
faire les courses to go (grocery) shopping
faire des achats to go shopping
faire de l'exercice to exercise
faire attention to pay attention
faire la queue to stand in line
Notice that you do not use an indefinite article before professions, unless they are preceded
by an adjective.
Qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie ? What do you do for a living?
Je suis avocate I am a lawyer. (fem.)
Je suis professeur I am a professor
Je suis étudiant I am a student (masc.)
Où est-ce que vous faites vos études ? Where do you study?
Je vais à l'université de Michigan I go to the university of Michigan
Je fais mes études à l'université de I study at the University of Toronto
Toronto
Qu'est-ce que vous étudiez ? What do you study?
Quelles matières étudiez-vous ? What subjects do you study?
J'étudie les langues étrangères et la I study foreign languages and linguistics
linguistique
Je fais des mathématiques I study/do math
Ma spécialisation est la biologie My major is biology
Prepositional Contractions
à + le /o/ at / to / in the
= au
à + les /o/ at / to / in the (pl.)
= aux
de + le /dy/ of / from / about the
= du
de + les /de/ of / from / about the (pl.)
= des
Negative Sentences
• To make sentences negative, simply put ne and pas around the verb.
• In spoken French, however, the ne is frequently omitted, but it cannot be omitted in
written French.
• And when you are replying "yes" to a negative question, you use si and not oui
(though in Quebec, it is perfectly fine to just use oui).
Islands à de / d'
Aller-to go /ale/
• The present indicative tense indicates an ongoing action, general state, or habitual
activity.
• Besides the simple present tense (I write, I run, I see); there are two other forms of
the present tense in English: the progressive (I am writing, I am running, etc.) and
the emphatic (I do write, I do run, etc.)
• However, these three English present tenses are all translated by the present
indicative tense in French.
To conjugate verbs in the present tense, use the stem and add the following
endings.
-er -re 1st -ir 2nd -ir*
-e -ons -s -ons -is -issons -s -ons
-es -ez -s -ez -is -issez -s -ez
-e -ent - -ent -it -issent -t -ent
Notice how several conjugations are pronounced the same. This is why you must use the
subject pronouns in French.
Regular verbs
-er -re
aimer /eme/ to vendre /vɑ̃ dʀ/ to sell
like, love
chanter /ʃɑ̃ te/ to sing attendre /atɑ̃ dʀ/ to wait
for
chercher /ʃɛʀʃe/
to look entendre /ɑ̃ tɑ̃ dʀ/ to hear
for
commencer /kɔmɑ̃ se/ to begin perdre /pɛʀdʀ/ to lose
donner /dɔne/ to give répondre /ʀepɔ̃dʀ/ to
(à) answer
étudier /etydje/ to study descendre /dɛsɑ̃ dʀ/ to go
down
fermer /fɛʀme/ to close 1st -ir
habiter /abite/ to live bâtir /bɑtiʀ/ to build
jouer /ʒwe/ to play finir /finiʀ/ to
finish
• If a verb is followed by à (like répondre) you have to use the à and any contractions
after the conjugated verb. Ex: Je réponds au téléphone. I answer the phone.
• The 2nd -ir verbs are considered irregular sometimes because there are only a few
verbs which follow that pattern.
• Other verbs like partir are sortir /sɔʀtiʀ/ (to go out), dormir /dɔʀmiʀ/ (to sleep),
mentir /mɑ̃ tiʀ/ (to lie), sentir /sɑ̃ tiʀ/ (to smell, feel) and servir /sɛʀviʀ/ (to serve.)
When used in the infinitive, such as after another verb, the reflexive pronoun agrees with
the subject of the sentence.
1. Verbs that end in -ger and -cer: The nous form of manger isn't mangons, but
mangeons. The e has to stay so the g can retain the soft sound. The nous form of
commencer isn't commencons, but commençons. The c must have the accent
(called a cedilla) under it to make the c sound soft.
2. Verbs that add or change to an accent grave: Some verbs add or change to an
accent grave (è) in all the forms except the nous and vous.
3. Verbs that are conjugated as -er verbs: Some -ir verbs are conjugated with -er
endings. Examples: ouvrir-to open /uvʀiʀ/, couvrir-to cover /kuvʀiʀ/, découvrir-to
discover /dekuvʀiʀ/ and souffrir-to suffer /sufʀiʀ/
4. Verbs that end in -yer: Change the y to an i in all forms except the nous and vous.
Examples: nettoyer-to clean /netwaje/, payer-to pay /peje/, and essayer-to try /eseje/
5. Verbs that double the consonant: Some verbs, including jeter-to throw /ʒəte/, double
the consonant in all forms except the nous and vous.
• You have learned the present indicative so far, which expresses what happens, is
happening, or does happen now;
• But if you want to say something happened, or has happened, you use the passé
composé.
• The passé composé is used for actions that happened only once, a specified number
of times or during a specified period of time, and as a result or consequence of
another action.
• All you need to learn are the past participles of the verbs.
To make it negative, put the ne and pas around the conjugated form of avoir.
Être Verbs
• Seventeen so-called "house" verbs and all pronominal verbs are conjugated with
être, and they must agree in gender and number with the subject.
• Irregular past participles are highlighted.
To form the negative of pronominal verbs, place ne before the reflexive pronoun, and pas
after the auxiliary verb: Je ne me suis pas amusé.
There are only two cases with pronominal verbs where the past participle does not agree
with the subject:
1. When the pronominal verb is followed by a direct object.
Compare: Elles se sont lavées, but: elles se sont lavé les mains.
2. With verbs where the reflexive pronoun is an indirect object, such as se parler, se
demander, se dire, s'écrire, se sourire, and se téléphoner.
Ils se sont téléphoné.
Other verbs that are conjugated like prendre: apprendre /apʀɑ̃ dʀ/ - to learn, comprendre
/kɔ̃pʀɑ̃ dʀ/ - to understand and surprendre /syʀpʀɑ̃ dʀ/ - to surprise
• When you want to say "I am having wine," the French translation is "Je prends du
vin."
• You must use de and le, la, l', or les and the proper contractions (called partitives)
because in French you must always express some.
• So "je prends de la bière" literally means "I am having some beer" even though in
English we would usually only say I am having beer.
• Manger is a regular verb meaning "to eat," but manger is used in a general sense,
such as “Je mange du poulet tous les samedis.” “I eat chicken every Saturday.“
• Boire is literally the verb to drink and is also used in a general sense only.
• “Je bois du vin tout le temps.” “I drink wine all the time.“
Quantities
assez de enough un morceau a piece of une douzaine a dozen of
(of) de de
une assiette de a plate of un peu de a little (bit) un paquet de a packet of
of
beaucoup de a lot of une tasse a cup of un panier de a basket of
de
une boîte de a box of une a slice of une poignée a handful of
tranche de de
une bouteille de a bottle trop de too much, plus de more
of many
un kilo de a kilo of un verre de a glass of un bouquet a bunch of
de
With quantities and negatives, you never use partitives. The construction is always de or d'
+ noun.
Je voudrais prendre du fromage, mais pas de I would like to have some cheese, but no
fruit fruit
Il prend de la viande He is eating some meat
Nous prenons du riz et des brocolis We are having some rice and broccoli
Il y a trop de lait dans la tasse There is too much milk in the cup
Je voudrais un morceau de tarte I would like one piece of pie
Est-ce que je peux prendre un verre de vin ? May I have a glass of wine?
Je prends du vin I'm drinking some wine
Je ne prends pas de vin I am not drinking any wine
Commands
Use the vous, tu and nous forms for commands.
Vous form Polite and Plural Same as verb form Restez ! Stay!
Tu form Familiar Same as verb form, but Regarde ! Look/Watch!
drop -s for -er verbs
Nous form Let's... Same as verb form Allons-y ! Let's go!
When using pronominal verbs as commands, the pronoun is placed after the verb
connected by a hyphen. Tu te dépêches becomes Dépêche-toi ! And in negative
commands, the pronoun precedes the verb, as in Ne nous reposons pas.
More Negatives
ne...plus /nə...ply/ no longer
ne...jamais /nə...ʒamɛ/ never
ne...rien /nə...ʀjɛ̃/ nothing
ne...aucun(e) /nə...okœ̃ / /yn/ not a single one
ne...que /nə...kə/ only
ne...personne /nə...pɛʀsɔn/ nobody
ne...ni...ni /nə...ni...ni/ neither...nor
ne...nulle part /nə...nyl paʀ/ nowhere
* Use of ne ... pas de: In negative sentences, the partitives and indefinite articles become
de before the noun (unless the verb is être, then nothing changes.)
Holiday Phrases
Merry Christmas Joyeux Noël
Happy New Year Bonne Année
Happy Thanksgiving Joyeux Thanksgiving
Happy Thanksgiving (Canada) Bonne Action de grâces
Happy Easter Joyeuses Pâques
Happy Halloween Bonne fête d'Halloween
Happy Valentine's Day Joyeuse Saint-Valentin
Happy Birthday Bon Anniversaire
Joyeux Anniversaire
Happy Saint Day Bonne Fête
Happy Holidays Joyeuses Fêtes
Christmas Eve or New Year's Eve le Réveillon / la veille de Noël / Réveillon de
Nouvel an
Happy Ramadan Joyeux Ramadan
Happy Fasting Bon jeûne
Happy Eid Joyeux Eid
Happy Weekend Bon weekend