Name: _____________________________________ Student No.

: __________

I – Answer as Directed

1. What is the most common element found in the human body?

__________________
2. Where does our body get all the materials it needs for growth and
for energy? ________________
3. Food energy is measured in units called _____________________.
4. The three elements in carbohydrates are ________________,
______________ &
___________________.
5. The names of sugars usually end in the letters __ __ __.
6. When many sugar molecules join together to form larger molecules,
they form what are
called _________________ carbohydrates
7. If you break down large starch molecules, you would get many
smaller
_________________ molecules.
8. A complex carbohydrate found in meat and fish is called
_____________________.
9. The process called ___________________ breaks down starch and
glycogen into _________________, which can be taken into your cells and
there they produce _______________.
10. Fill out the table below

Sugar Give two sources

Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Fructose
 11. Carbohydrates make up the largest volume of our daily food. _____ % of our food
should be from carbohydrates.
12. If we take in more carbohydrate than is needed for energy, the unused portion is
stored in the liver or the tissues as ______________.
13. Carbohydrates come mainly from_____________ sources, although milk and milk
products contain some carbohydrates in the form of ______________.
14. _______________ carbohydrates are quick energy sources, but they usually do not
supply any other nutrients or fiber.
15. ___________ is the major kind of simple sugar. It is the basic source of energy for all
living things.
16. _____________ commonly known as table sugar, beet or cane. It occurs in many
fruits and vegetables.
17. _____________ known as fruit sugar. Most plants contain this sugar, especially fruits
and saps.
18. _____________ sometimes known as blood sugar, and sometimes as grape sugar.
Nearly all plant foods contain this sugar.
19. ______________ is known as malt sugar, is found in grains.
20. ______________ known as milk sugar, is found as the principal carbohydrate in
milk.
21. ______________ carbohydrates often supply energy and other nutrients and fiber
that the body needs. They are a better choice.
22. The body has to break down all sugar and _____________ into glucose to use it.
23. In what ratio are hydrogen and oxygen atoms in carbohydrates? _________________
24. Are lipids polar or non polar? _______________
25. Most lipids are made of _____________ acids.
26. In what type of fatty acid are there only single bonds in the carbon chain? __________
27. How many kilocalorie of energy does one gram of fat can release? _____________
28. What two functional groups found in carbohydrates?
29. If a sugar compound has 11 oxygen atoms, how many hydrogen
atoms does it contain? ____________
30. Carbohydrates literally mean compounds compose of carbon and
______________.
II – Identification
1. Based on their molecular formulas, which of the following are NOT
carbohydrates? Encircle the letter of your answers.
a. C3 H 8O3 b. C10 H18O9

c. C18 H 32O16 d. C4 H 8O2

e. C16 H 32O2 f. C6 H12O6

2. For each molecule below, determine if it is a monosaccharide,
disaccharide or a
polysaccharide.
a. fructose __________________ b. glucose __________________
c. chitin __________________ d. starch __________________
e. glycogen _________________ f. sucrose __________________
g. maltose _________________ h. cellulose _________________

III – Essay. Explain briefly and concisely.

1. What does your body do with extra glucose molecules it doesn’t use
right away?
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the difference between mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids?

___________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the difference between Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

5. Define and differentiate glycosidic bond and peptide bond? Give example for each.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

6. What is the difference between oil and fat? _____________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7. Describe a saponification reaction. What are the products.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

8. Describe the process of the condensation reaction for carbohydrates. ________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

9. Describe the process of the hydrolysis reaction for carbohydrates. ___________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

10. Oleic acid ( C17 H 33COOH ) is a mono-unsaturated fatty acid with double bond at the 9th
carbon. Write the structure and the hydrogenation reaction.

__________________________________________________________________________

IV – Enumeration/Explanation/Reasoning

1. Enumerate and describe 3 biological functions of lipids.

a. ____________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________

2. Enumerate and describe 3 biological functions of proteins.

a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________

3. Enumerate and describe 3 biological functions of carbohydrates.

a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________

4. Which end of a fatty acid chain WOULD dissolve in water? Which WOULDN'T?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. What are the 4 main elements making up proteins? How many covalent bonds does
each of these elements form?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. What are the monomers of proteins called? How many are there? Name the 4 things
bonded to the center carbon of this monomer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 7. What is the effect of temperature on protein shape? Give an application example of
this.__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

8. Explain protein denaturation and the factors affecting it then give examples.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

9. Distinguish between the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of

proteins.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________