0502 Call For and Adjust Indirect Fire

Call for and Adjust
Indirect Fire
TSP
TSP 061-D-6003
061-D-6003
0502,
0502, Phase
Phase II,
II, OCS
OCS
The Process
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Terminal Learning Objective
Action: Adjust Indirect Fire

Conditions: Provide instruction using PowerPoint in a
classroom setting
Standard: Understand basic Call for Fire terminology and
concepts. Achieve a minimum of 70% on a
written test.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
References
Number Title Date Para no.
FM 21-26 Map Reading and Land May 93 Chap 4, para 4-5
Navigation and 4-6
FM 6-30 Tactics, Techniques, July 91 Chap 3, Sec 1;

Procedures for Observed Chap 4, Sec 1;
Fire Chap 5 Sec 1 and
2.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Administrative Notes
• SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS NONE

• RISK ASSESSMENT LOW
• ENVIRON. CONSIDERATIONS NONE
• EVALUATION YES
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Enabling Learning Objective 1
Action: Review Map reading skills

Conditions: Provide instruction using PowerPoint in a
classroom setting
Standards: Correctly identify a 6 digit grid coordinate with
a standard issue military protractor and map
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Can you read a map?
•
If you cannot read a standard

military map you will not be
able to call for and adjust fire
on the enemy!
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Brief Map Reading Review
The protractor is your friend!

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Where am I?
What is the grid coordinate?
Answer:115813
2nd step
1st step
4th step
3rd step
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Action: Understand common Observer terms

used for Call of Fire / Adjust Indirect
Fire
Conditions: Provide instruction using PowerPoint
in a classroom setting
Standards: Determine the call for fire within 3
minutes without error.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Approval
The maneuver commander is the
approving authority for the fire support
plan.
The S3 and FSO only make

recommendations as staff officers.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Call for Fire
A call for fire is a request for fire. It is a
concise message prepared by you, the
observer. It contains the required
information needed by the FDC to
determine the method of target attack. It
must be sent quickly and clearly enough
that it can be understood, recorded and
read back to you without error by the FDC
recorder.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Call for Adjust Fire
A call to adjust fire is also a request for
fire.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Adjust Fire
When the observer believes that an
adjustment must be made because of
questionable target location, he
announces ADJUST FIRE.
Z57 this is H71 Adjust Fire, Over
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Fire for Effect (FFE)
• The observer should always strive for first-round
FFE.
• The accuracy required to fire for effect depends
on the accuracy of target location and the
ammunition being used.
• When the observer is certain that the target
location is accurate and desired effect on the
target requires little or no adjustment, he
announces FIRE FOR EFFECT.
• Example:
Z57 this is H71 Fire for Effect, Over
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
The Six Elements
• Observer Identification.
First Transmission
• Warning Order.
• Target Location. Second Transmission
• Target Description.
Third Transmission
• Method of Engagement.
• Method of Fire and

Control. TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Observer Identification
• This element of the call for fire tells the
FDC who is calling for fire.
• This is like your name, Using his name
first.
Example
– His name is Z57
– Your name is H71 The Six Elements
• Observer Identification
• Warning Order
• Target Location
Z57 this is H71 • Target Description
• Method of Engagement
TSP 061-D-6003
• Method of Fire and Control
0502, Phase II, OCS
Warning Order
The warning order clears the net for the
fire mission and tells the FDC the type of
mission and the type of target location that
will be used. The warning order consists of
the type of mission, the size of the element
to fire for effect, and the method of target
location. It is a request for fire unless prior
authority has been given to order fire.
The Six Elements
• Warning Order
• Target Location
• Target Description
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Target / Target Location
• Point or object suitable for attack

(planned/opportunity, point / area, soft /
hard)
• Where is the target?
• Three methods (only 2 for class)
– Grid The Six Elements
– Polar • Warning Order
• Target Location
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Target Description?
1. What is the target? ( troops, equipment, trucks).
2. What the target is doing? (digging in).
3. The number of elements in the target.

(squad, platoon, three trucks).
4. Degree of protection (in open, in foxhole).
5. The target size and shape, The Six Elements

if significant. • Observer Identification
• Warning Order
• Target Location
Does this look like an intelligence • Method of Engagement
report? • TSP 061-D-6003
Method of Fire and Control
0502, Phase II, OCS
Method of Engagement
• Limited to danger close and requesting
specific ammunition for classroom
purpose.
• Danger Close: within 600 meters of
friendly units
The Six Elements
• Warning Order
• Target Location
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Method of Fire and Control
This tells the supported unit how you

want to attack the target
• Time of Target
• At my Command
• Check Fire •
The Six Elements
Observer Identification
• Warning Order
• Target Location
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
The Six Elements
First Transmission
• Warning Order.
Third Transmission

0502, Phase II, OCS
Danger Close
• If you are firing within 600 meters of
friendly troops you should tell the
supporting unit by announcing DANGER
CLOSE in the fire command.
• Included in Method in Engagement
600 METERS
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Known Point
Point known to both observer and FDC
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Observer Target Line
Imaginary line extending from the

observer to, through, and beyond,
the target
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
MIL
MIL: A unit of measure (or direction) used
primarily for artillery, tank and mortar
gunnery.
– 6400 MILS on a protractor.
– 6400 MILS = 360 degrees
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
8 Cardinal Directions: MILS
NW N
NE
5600 MILS 6400 MILS 800 MILS
W E
4800 MILS 1600 MILS
SW S S
4000 MILS E MILS
2400
3200 MILS TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Correction Terms
Range Correction:
Range Corrections: (Y Axis) along ‘Y’ Axis
• ADD (+) – Used to denote and

increase in horizontal distance ‘Y’ 7
6
5
4
• DROP (-) – Used to denote a 3
2
decrease in horizontal distance 1
‘X’
5 4 3 2 1 1 23 4 5
Lateral Deviations Corrections: (X Axis)
• RIGHT (R) – Used to denote a leteral

shift to the right
Lateral Deviation Corrections:
along ‘X’ Axis
• LEFT (L) – Use to denote a lateral
shift to the left
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
OT Factor
• The OT factor is used to determine
corrections for deviation and height.
• Estimate the distance (or scale it from a
map) from your position to the target.
Express the distance to the nearest one
thousand meters. Then divide by 1,000.
The result is the OT factor.
Distance = 1100 = 1000/1000 = 1 OT Factor

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Check on Learning: ELO #2
Question: Who approves the fire support
plan?
Answer: The maneuver commander
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is adjust fire?
Answer: A call for fire is a concise

message prepared by the you, the
observer. It contains all information
needed by the FDC to determine the
method of target attack. It must be sent
quickly and clearly enough that it can be
understood, recorded and read back to
you without error by the FDC recorder.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is a known point?
Answer: Point known to both observer

and FDC
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: The target description is the
same as a what?
Answer: Intelligence report
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the OT Line?
Answer: Imaginary line extending from

observer to, through, and beyond, the
target
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is a MIL? How many mils in
360 degrees
Answer:
• A unit of measure
• 6400
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the OT factor?
Answer:
• The OT factor is used to determine
corrections for deviation and height.
• Estimate the distance (or scale it from a
map) from your position to the target.
Express the distance to the nearest one
thousand meters. Then divide by 1,000.
The result is the OT factor.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Action: Determine Call for fire

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
The Whole Process
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
The Six Elements
First Transmission
• Warning Order.
Third Transmission

0502, Phase II, OCS
Example Using the Six Elements
- Call for Fire (1st Round) -
1st: Observer ID and WO 2nd: Target Location
OBSERVER: FIST / FDC

• T2F18 this is T2F24, Over • T2F24 this is T2F18, Out
• Grid ZA123456, 155 degree,Over • Grid ZA123456, 155 degree, Out
• 3 Tanks and 3 BMPs in the open, • 3 Tanks and 3 BMPs in the open,
DPICM in effect, at my command DPICM in effect, at my command
over out, authenticate Papa Bravo
• I authenticate Charlie, out

3rd: Target description,
method of engagement
of fire and control TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Target Location: Grid Mission
• The location of the target will be given in a six or
eight digit grid including the Grid Zone Identifier.
• Include a direction from you to the target in mils,

degrees or a cardinal direction.
• Considered the standard method of target

location
Example of directions
• 2400 mils Southwest
• Mils is always assumed 70 degrees
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Target Location: Polar Mission
• The word POLAR alerts the FDC that the
target will be located with respect to the
observer's location.
• Supporting unit MUST know your location
• A polar plot is an azimuth (direction) and a
distance from your location to the target
• Distance can be:
– Estimate
– Using a map
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Corrections of Errors
• You must minimize errors
• If an error is made during transmission you
must announce CORRECTION and then
transmit to correct information
Example:
The observer transmitted LEFT 200, ADD 400, OVER.
He then realizes that he should have sent DROP 400.
To correct this element, he sends CORRECTION
LEFT 200, DROP 400, OVER. The FDC must read
back the entire subelement back to the observer.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Call for Fire, GRID: Example 1
You see 2 tanks in the tree line at grid AJ560812.
Direction to the tanks is 155 degrees at a distance
of 2000 meters. Your call sign is H99 and FDC is
B39. Formulate your call for fire.
Answer:
• B39 THIS IS H99, ADJUST FIRE, OVER.
• GRID AJ560812, DIRECTION 155 DEGREES,

OVER.
• 2 TANKS IN TREE LINE,OVER.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Call for Fire, GRID: Example 2
You have a squad of infantry soldiers moving on
your position at grid AK307998. They are
Northwest from your OP at about 500 meters.
You are N24 and the FDC is R81. Formulate
your call for fire.
• R81 THIS IS N24, ADJUST FIRE, OVER.
• GRID AK307998, DIRECTION NW, OVER.
• INFANTRY SQUAD IN THE OPEN,
• DANGER CLOSE, OVER.

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Call for Fire, POLAR: Example 3
You see a company assembly area in a valley.

The distance to the target 3000 meters at a
direction of 1730 mils. Your call sign G81 and
FDC is P66. Formulate your call for fire.
• P66 THIS IS G81, POLAR, OVER.
• DIR 1730, DIS 3000, OVER.
• COMPANY ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN,

OVER.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Message to Observer
After the FDC receives the call for
fire, it determines how the target
will be attacked. The decision is
announced to the observer in the
form of a message to observer or
MTO. The MTO consists of 4
items:
1. Units to fire
2. Changes to the call for fire
3. Number of rounds
4. Target number
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
MTO Example
• The battalion call sign is A8T36. Battery A call
sign is R6G36. No changes to the call for fire
are made. FDC wants to shoot 4 rounds per
tube and wants to shoot VT (Variable Time).
The MTO would be:
• T, G,: VT IN EFFECT, 4 ROUNDS, OVER.
• The observer reads back the MTO:
• T, G,: VT IN EFFECT, 4 ROUNDS, OUT.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: How many transmissions are in
the call for fire?
Answer: 3 Transmissions
1. Observer identification and warning
order
2. Target location
3. Target description, method of
engagement method of fire and control.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What are two ways that you can
give the direction to the target?
Answer:
• Grid coordinates
• Polar plot
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What are the elements for a Call
for Fire?
Answer:
• Observer identification
• Warning order
• Target location
• Target description
• Method of engagement
• Method of fire and control. TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the difference between a
GRID mission and a POLAR Mission?
Answer:
• Grid: location of the target with direction
from you to the target
• Polar: Supporting unit MUST know your

location. A polar plot is an azimuth
(direction) and a distance from your
location to the target TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What are the 4 items given to the
observer in the message to observer?
Answer:
• What unit will fire your mission
• Changes made to your call for fire
• The number of rounds that will be fired
in effect on your target
• The target number assigned to your
target.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: Why does the FO send the FDC
the direction to the target?
Answer: To orient the FDC to the observer’s

view of the target
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Action: Determine required round corrections

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Determine Corrections
• OT Factor
• Range Spotting
• Deviation Spotting 1: Binoculars
• Deviation Spotting 2: Hand Measurements
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
OT Factor
The OT factor is based on the distance
from you (your location) to the target and
is used to compute the lateral deviation
correction that you are going to send to
FDC.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Computing OT Factor
• Distance to target: 4200 meters
• Distance expressed to the nearest
thousand: 4000
• Divide by 1000 = OT factor of 4
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Range Spotting
Over – correction
is DROP
Left –
correction is
RIGHT
Right –
correction is
LEFT
The corrections are
made in the opposite
direction of the
spotting based OT Line Short – correction
where they land is ADD
relative to the OT
Line TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Deviation Spotting 1: Binoculars
• Using the Reticle Pattern on the Binos.
• This example shows that the round has

impacted 50 mils to the LEFT of the target
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Deviation Spotting 1: Binoculars
(another way of looking at it)
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
5 43 2 1 1 23 4 5 5 43 2 1 1 23 4 5
TARGET IS 50 MILS RIGHT TARGET IS 30 MILS LEFT
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Deviation Spotting 2: Hand Measurement
A = target, B = Location of round TSP 061-D-6003

0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What are the 4 methods to
determine correction
Answer:
• OT Factor
• Range Spotting
• Deviation Spotting 1: Binoculars
• Deviation Spotting 2: Hand
Measurements
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: How do you calculate OT Factor?
Answer:
• Distance to target in meters
• Distance expressed to the nearest thousand
• Divide by 1000 = OT factor
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the spacing in MILS
between recticle lines in binos?
Answer: 10 mils
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the distance in MILS if two
fingers are used to adjust fire?
Answer: 70 Mils
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Action: Determine round adjustments

TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Range Corrections 1: Bracketing
• 1st Correction: add/drop 400
• 2nd Correction: add/drop 200
• 3rd Correction: add/drop 100
• 4th Correction: add/drop 50
• FIRE FOR EFFECT
When you make the first

correcting for RANGE you are
attempting to BRACKET - use
the a 400 meter bracket rule
We want to bracket the target by having

one round over and one round short. If
OT Line
the first round impacted over the target,
the correction would be DROP 400.
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Bracketing: 1 Range Correction
st
1st round is over target

Correction: Drop 400
OT Line
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
nd
2nd round is under target

Correction: Add 200
OT Line
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
rd
3nd round is over target

Correction: Drop 100
OT Line
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
th
4nd round is under target

Correction: Add 50,
Fire for Effect
You will receive 6 to 8

rounds impacting the
target
OT Line
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Range Corrections with Lateral
Deviation Corrections
Putting it all together
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Using the OT Factor
• The distance to the target is 2200 meters
• OT Factor: 2200/1000 = 2.2 Î 2
• Round impacted 50 mils LEFT of the target
• Correction is: 50 mils * 2 (OT Factor) = 100
There is no lateral
deviation if:
(Mils * OT ) < 30
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
1 Correction
st
The distance to the target

is 2200 meters. The 1st
round impacted ABOVE &
50 mils to the RIGHT of
the target. What is your
correction?
Deviation Range correction
LEFT 100 DROP 400
OT = 2200/1000=2.2 Î2
OT Line
2x50 = 100
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
2 Correction
nd
The 2nd round impacted

30 mils to the LEFT and
BELOW the target. What
is your correction?
RIGHT 60 ADD 200

OT = 2200/1000=2.2 Î2
OT Line 2x30 = 60
TSP 061-D-6003
Distance to target: 2200 meters 0502, Phase II, OCS
3rd Correction
The 3rd round impacted
10mils to the LEFT and
ABOVE the target. What
is your correction?
NONE DROP 100
OT = 2200/1000=2.2 Î2
2x10 = 20
OT Line Remember: There are no
deviations if (Mils * OT ) < 30
TSP 061-D-6003
Distance to target: 2200 meters 0502, Phase II, OCS
4th Correction
Your correction for the 4th
round will be ADD 50 FFE
NONE ADD 50
You will receive 6 to 8
rounds impacting the
target
Lastly, send OEM to FDC
OT Line and state what occurred
(killed, no effect, etc.) TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: What is the distance you always
want to use when bracketing a target?
Answer: 400 meters
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: FFE will usually consist of how
many rounds?
Answer: 6 to 8
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Question: How do you calculate OT Factor?
Answer:
• Distance to target in meters
• Distance expressed to the nearest thousand
• Divide by 1000 = OT factor
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Summary
• Review Map reading skills
• common Observer terms
• Determine Call for fire
• Determine required round corrections
• Determine round adjustments
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Questions
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS
Conclusion
Not knowing Call for Fire / Adjust for
fire when you need it will have
devistating effects on your unit.
You are the leader! Do not let that

happen
TSP 061-D-6003
0502, Phase II, OCS

0502 Call For and Adjust Indirect Fire

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0502 Call For and Adjust Indirect Fire

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Call for and Adjust

Action: Adjust Indirect Fire

FM 6-30 Tactics, Techniques, July 91 Chap 3, Sec 1;

• SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS NONE

Action: Review Map reading skills

If you cannot read a standard

The protractor is your friend!

Action: Understand common Observer terms

The S3 and FSO only make

Z57 this is H71 Adjust Fire, Over

• Target Location. Second Transmission

• Method of Fire and

• Point or object suitable for attack

2. What the target is doing? (digging in).

3. The number of elements in the target.

4. Degree of protection (in open, in foxhole).

5. The target size and shape, The Six Elements

This tells the supported unit how you

• Target Location. Second Transmission

• Method of Fire and

Imaginary line extending from the

• ADD (+) – Used to denote and

• RIGHT (R) – Used to denote a leteral

Distance = 1100 = 1000/1000 = 1 OT Factor

Answer: A call for fire is a concise

Answer: Point known to both observer

Answer: Imaginary line extending from

Action: Determine Call for fire

• Target Location. Second Transmission

• Method of Fire and

OBSERVER: FIST / FDC

• I authenticate Charlie, out

• Include a direction from you to the target in mils,

• Considered the standard method of target

• GRID AJ560812, DIRECTION 155 DEGREES,

• 2 TANKS IN TREE LINE,OVER.

• R81 THIS IS N24, ADJUST FIRE, OVER.

• GRID AK307998, DIRECTION NW, OVER.

• INFANTRY SQUAD IN THE OPEN,

• DANGER CLOSE, OVER.

You see a company assembly area in a valley.

• P66 THIS IS G81, POLAR, OVER.

• DIR 1730, DIS 3000, OVER.

• COMPANY ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN,

• T, G,: VT IN EFFECT, 4 ROUNDS, OVER.

• The observer reads back the MTO:

• T, G,: VT IN EFFECT, 4 ROUNDS, OUT.

• Polar: Supporting unit MUST know your

Answer: To orient the FDC to the observer’s

Action: Determine required round corrections

• This example shows that the round has

TARGET IS 50 MILS RIGHT TARGET IS 30 MILS LEFT

A = target, B = Location of round TSP 061-D-6003

Action: Determine round adjustments

When you make the first

We want to bracket the target by having

1st round is over target

2nd round is under target

3nd round is over target

4nd round is under target

You will receive 6 to 8

Putting it all together