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G8-UNESCO World Forum

Education, Research and Innovation: New Partnership for Sustainable Development


web: g8forum.ictp.it Forum Newsletter - Friday 11 May 2007 - No. 2

Editorial
by Koïchiro Matsuura, General Director, UNESCO
“We will promote the global innovation society by developing part of the larger global efforts now taking place to build a more
and integrating all three elements of the knowledge triangle prosperous, equitable and peaceful world. UNESCO, whose
(education, research and innovation).” We will do so “by roots lie at the nexus between education, science and culture,
investing fully in people, skills and research, and by supporting is indeed honoured to be directly involved in the organization of
the modernization of education systems to become more this effort. We would like to thank the Abdus Salam International
relevant to the needs of a global knowledge-based society.” Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and the other members
That was the sentiment expressed by G8 leaders in a broad of the Trieste System for serving as hosts. We now live in a
statement of intent which they endorsed at the G8 2006 knowledge-based society where virtually every societal issue
Summit held in St. Petersburg, Russia last July. Ten months of consequence is directly linked to advances in science and
later, thanks to the generosity of the Italian government, the G8 technology. Think of a world without the internet? That world
and UNESCO have joined together to hold the G8-UNESCO did not exist two decades ago. Yet today our global society
World Forum on Education, Research and Innovation: A New could not function without electronic communications. Now
Partnership for Sustainable Development. The Forum, which think of a world without nanotechnology. Easy to do, you say.
will take place from 10-12 May, will examine how to better utilize But that won’t be the case 10 years from now, when products
the synergies created by education, research and innovation as and services in fields as diverse as CONTINUED ON PAGE 2
Welcome to Friuli Venezia Giulia

Riccardo Illy
President of Region Friuli Venezia Giulia

I
n his address during the opening capital. But there cannot be sustainable
ceremony of the Forum, President development without particular attention
Illy thanked the G8, UNESCO to the issue of energy, said Illy. For this
and the Italian Government for having reason, last week a regional energy
chosen Trieste, the “City of Science”, plan was approved, which foresees
and Friuli Venezia Giulia, the “Region measures - also to be supported
for Innovation” for this event. Illy financially - in favour of energy
reminded the audience that Trieste saving, the search for alternative
is host to a hundred or so scientific and renewable sources and for the
and technological institutions (public promotion of these renewable sources.
and private) involving more than However, in view of the fact that results
8,000 people between the University cannot be obtained until the medium
and 4 scientific and technological to long term, in the short to medium
parks, through which innovation in term it will be necessary to continue to
the entire Friuli Venezia Giulia region rely on fossil resources, or at least the
is being supported. “We believe that least polluting of them, therefore gas,
development occurs via innovation, in particular. “I therefore believe that
and there cannot be innovation without Italy’s choice to concentrate on gas for
research activity”, said Illy. For this the production of electricity is the right
reason, the Region is investing a lot choice. Consequently, in order to make
in research, education, professional this resource available, we believe in
training, the transfer of knowledge the construction of gas pipelines and
and innovation. It is therefore no regassification terminals - obviously
coincidence that a recent survey of in compliance with environmental
the Emilia-Romagna Region (2006 legislation - which permit our country
data) placed Friuli Venezia Giulia first and Friuli Venezie Giluia to import the
in Italy in terms of quality of human quantity of gas necessary.”

FROM PAGE 1

Science, Technology and Innovation for all


facial cosmetics and water filtration systems are likely to be is a need to embrace knowledge as a
revolutionized by the ability of scientists and technicians to public asset and to make it accessible
construct physical and biological structures one atom and to all. Knowledge acts as a powerful
one molecule at a time. But it’s not just broad advances in lever in the fight against poverty,
frontier areas of science and technology that will continue to misunderstanding and suspicion.
define who we are and how well we live. Equally significant is Therefore any barriers that stand in the
how we choose to use the knowledge we create. The key is way of sharing knowledge stand in the
to generate knowledge, not just for its own sake, but also for way of progress. And, fifth, there is the need to nurture broad
the sake of spurring innovation ? and then applying at least a institutional networks where information is freely exchanged.
portion of that innovation to addressing critical human needs. Such networks, which have become ever-easier to create
After all, we not only live in a world of unprecedented change, and sustain thanks to the explosive growth of the internet, are
driven largely by science and technology, but also in a world of designed to be horizontal, not hierarchical in nature and, as a
vast inequality and crushing poverty. Science and technology result, tend to encourage cooperation among equals instead of
will only be able to fulfill their unlimited potential for social ‘benevolent’ information flows from the ‘haves’ to ‘have-nots.’
good when they not only broaden the horizons of the world of That, in turn, brings me to my final point. The subtitle of the
discovery but also confront the stark reality of everyday life for conference in Trieste, which calls for a “New Partnership for
the one billion people who live on less than US$1 a day and Sustainable Development.”
who suffer disproportionately from malnutrition, disease and The most critical word in this subtitle is “Partnership,” which
despair. Science and technology, therefore, must not only be refers not just to the relationship between education, research
used to satisfy human curiosity They must also be used to and innovation” but also to the relationship between individuals
help satisfy the basic needs of our most marginalized citizens. and institutions in both the developed and developing world.
Achieving this goal requires us to focus on promoting reforms ”Science,” wrote Abdus Salam, the founding director of the
in several fundamental aspects of society. First, there is a need International Centre for Theoretical Physics,” is the common
to achieve high quality basic education, literacy and gender heritage of all humankind.” I am sure that if Salam were alive
equality across the globe and especially among the world’s today, he would be the first to agree that science ? together with
poorest nations. Second, there is a need to build and sustain research and innovation ? are also among the most common
human and institutional capacity for science, technology and elements of our future as well. It is in the spirit of partnership
innovation, especially among the world’s most scientifically and that UNESCO looks forward to the discussions that will take
technologically impoverished nations. Third, there is a need place at the G8/UNESCO Forum and to the follow-up activities
to protect and promote indigenous knowledge, most notably that will enable our global society to reach out to the frontiers of
as invaluable contributions to global efforts to advance public science while simultaneously attending to the needs of our most
health, biodiversity and sustainable development. Fourth, there vulnerable citizens.
Koïchiro Matsuura, General Director, UNESCO

11 May 2007 | 2
Highlights

Tuning into diversity


Opening remarks:
The Forum was opened by the Director of Lamya Ahmad Al-Saqqaf, Permanent
ICTP, K.R. Sreenivasan, who explained Representative of the State of Kuwait to
how this event had originated as a FAO, Chairperson of the G77 noted at the
follow-up of various discussions that end that technology has almost become
took place at the 2006 G8 Summit in a divider rather than a bridger of the gap
St. Petersburg. The knowledge triangle between developed and undeveloped
was introduced afterwards with the countries, that the gap between the
three sides of Education, Research and world’s rich and poor may be becoming
Innovation by DG of UNESCO, Koïchiro even greater as the pace of technology
Matsura. Furthermore, Riccardo Illy, increases. She stressed the need for
President of the Friuli Venezia Giulia human resource training, centres of
Region, noted at the outset that Trieste excellence and development partners,
is host to numerous institutes, including and for finding “unofficial” donors for
universities, science parks like the Area the cause and locating new sources of
Science Park, with the Sincrotrone funding. Finally she noted that special
and the new free electron laser being attention should be given to the least
developed as particular highlights there. developed countries. Session II, “Education in
He noted that innovation cannot exist At the end of the opening remarks, Italian
knowledge based societies”:
without research. Hamadoun Touré, Prime Minister Prodi noted that there
Secretary General of the International is always a new “hot point” but that the Mr. Mark Bray’s statement that we need
Telecommunication Union, cited later difficult part was the follow-up stage. “equity rather than elitism” evoked a
on that 2015 was the year set for ICT strong response from the audience.
connections in every hospital, school, Session I, “What partnership Dr. Stefano Fantoni, director of SISSA,
recommended that there should not be
etc., in the world. He stated that we do to develop in Global innovation
any impoverishment in the quality of
not need new resolutions—we need to society?”: education – it should be kept as high
implement those that we already have. In Mr. Pistorio had several
this context, he noted that the research as possible. The problem of immigrant
recommendations to accelerate co- population and the low education levels
community is known to be practical operation between Universities and
and goal-oriented, and that this group of their children is a problem in Germany.
Small Companies. Prof. Calzolari We should introduce the concept of “brain
would know how to roll up their sleeves mentioned that universities need a clear
to implement concrete programmes. circulation” rather than brain drain. Rector
understanding of the role of knowledge Honsell described in detail his university’s
He also stressed that development transfer – there must be a distinction
programmes cannot be conceived in efforts to introduce innovation in the
between private and public research. curriculum, with examples of success
Paris, or Geneva or Washington, etc., but Furthermore, Prof. Livanov commented
must come from the developing nations stories. The concept of “Technoseeding”
that the government is a less successful was presented to the audience.
themselves - otherwise they simply “… investor compared to businesses
will not fly.” He also stressed “capacity- but is good at large multidisciplinary
building”, the need for “real development Session III, Environment and
projects. Mr. Zhang Xinsheng noted that
on the ground”. “knowledge-based society” has become a
Global Challenges:
Noting the need for international co- Laura Marchetti, Under-Secretary of
catch phrase and we must not forget that
operation, he cited the ICTP as a good Ministry of Environment, noted that we
it implies much thought and effort. Citing
example of an agency which is helping in need to introduce a fourth element in
the example of China, he noted that the
this regard. the triangle of knowledge – the concept
government was willing to lose a few
Furthermore, Panitchpakdi Supachai, of preservation – preservation of local
percentage points from the GNP in order
Secretary General of UNCTAD, spoke knowledge, cultural diversity, biodiversity,
to promote massive education reform.
about the new challenges facing the etc. Mr. Oborne suggested an integrated
Talking of a global innovative society, he
United Nations in a broader context. approach to global challenges through
cited the need for south-south, south-
Access to knowledge was noted as knowledge management. Educational
north co-operation.
a divider between developing and qualifications are only a “shadow
developed countries. Technology and measure of knowledge”. Lord Hunt
innovation need to be indigenous— of Chesterton – a distinction should
undeveloped countries must not be be made between hazards and
passive and simply allow technologies vulnerabilities, and integrated responses
to come in. They must be producers to climate changes must be developed.
themselves. For this they need a solid Giuseppe Morsillo made the connection
scientific engineering educational base. between Space and the triangle of
But he thought that education should knowledge; space-based science can
be tailored to the needs of industry, for have many human benefits.
instance. There are certain areas that
would be more important than others The Audience:
for many of these countries, such as In all sessions, the audience had many
health and agriculture, that are presently thought-provoking questions – e.g. lack
underfunded. To stop the brain drain he of basic necessities in Uganda, progress
suggested the need to create a “critical made in Rwanda in primary education,
mass” of scientists and researchers. water and environmental problems in
Algeria, etc. (Joe Niemela, Surya Raghu)

3 | 11 May 2007
Sustainable Development

Innovation & Science


Francesco Peroni
Rector of the University of Trieste
It is common opinion that the new Here comes the ethical aspect
mission of the university rests on of the transfer of knowledge that
three essential pillars: scientific calls for the governments of the
research, education/training and more developed countries to
transfer of innovative research contribute – by means of adequate
results to the productive world. solidarity choices – to the social
Although these functions are promotion of the less fortunate
strictly interconnected, education communities. It must also be noted
socially has the primary role that, if the scientific research and
of promoting the development the educational systems require
of individuals and of the entire an increasing commitment in
community by offering high quality terms of human and financial
training to the new generations resources in order to face the
and granting, at the same time, global competition, it is this same
continuing vocational training to competition that – on a global scale
those who are already part of the – imposes expenditure policies on
active work force of our society. the traditional welfare systems.
Without such actions it would not The result is a contradiction
be possible to face the challenges between the ethical commitment
of the global competition. In this of knowledge transmission and
sense we can affirm that education market dynamics, which have
– and especially academic heavy repercussions also on the
education – is the keystone of the academic world. The university is
development of any organised and called upon, on the one hand, to
civilised community and, in such produce development and, on the
a perspective, it fulfils a primary other, to contribute to the reduction
social function of any country of public expenditure. Passing
that wishes to define itself as such a test requires a collective
advanced. awareness of the strategic function
On the other hand, it must be that the university is called upon
said that such a social dimension to play. It is a challenge for the
gives educational institutions a academic institutions that, once
special solidarity prominence, more, must be able not just to
also in the perspective of policies produce a collective knowledge,
supporting developing countries. but also a collective “conscience”.

Renewable energy to build a “UBUNTU” DECLARATION’:


sustainable future mobilizing the education sector
to contribute to sustainable
Isao Ike Yukawa, Adviser, former President, Kyocera Solar Group, Japan:
Global energy policies should make it a priority to develop renewable energy development
and expand energy storage capacities, especially in rural areas in developing
countries that do not have access to a centralized energy grid. Building an In 2002, 11 of the world’s foremost learning and
electricity grid is expensive and when the grid relies on fossil fuels as its major scientific organizations signed a declaration
energy source, it only adds to the global warming problem. Many developing calling for the strengthening of science
nations enjoy an abundance of solar energy that can be used to generate and technology education for sustainable
electricity. To help developing countries tap this resource, developed nations development. According to Walter Erdelen,
should lead by example and increase the use of renewable energy in their Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences of
own countries. At the same time, developed nations should encourage and UNESCO, the declaration focused on three main
assist developing countries to make use of these technologies. Renewable points -the need for a greater global emphasis on
energy policies should be clearly articulated, and renewable energy laws and education; the essential role of education in the
regulations should be easy to implement. Actions that generate clean energy continued and effective application of science and
should be rewarded. Actions that pollute and worsen global warming should be technology; and the importance of partnerships.
discouraged. Renewable energy policies should also be designed to nurture The signatories to the Ubuntu Declaration are
self-sustaining markets and spur employment. Governments, particularly local the United Nations University, UNESCO, the
governments, should institute financial incentives to encourage the construction International Association of Universities, the
industry to build ‘zero-energy’ buildings. Local governments should also Third World Academy of Sciences, the African
streamline building permits and other regulatory and administrative procedures Academy of Sciences, the Science Council of
for construction firms to encourage them to build energy-efficient structures. Asia, the International Council for Science, the
International agencies like UNESCO, UNDP, the World Bank and IMF should World Federation of Engineering Organizations,
partner with environmental groups, nongovernmental organizations and private Copernicus-Campus, the Global Higher Education
foundations to help fund such projects in the developing world.” for Sustainability Partnership and University
Leaders for Sustainable Future.

11 May 2007 | 4
e Education Awareness
Furio Honsell
Rector of the University of Udine
In the knowledge economy/society it is manufacture telescopes. At our university,
not enough for universities to operate only we have developed a special strategy for
according to the two traditional missions: increasing the entrepreneurial skills of our
higher education and research. They need students and for making them aware of how to
to perform a crucial third mission: service capitalize knowledge-based activities. We have
to their community and to operate as a promoted patents-filing, we have been carrying
strategic institution for the social, cultural out a Business Plan Competition, we have
and economic development of their region. joined forces with many local stakeholders
This is not just a matter of enhancing and started a technology park and a spin-off
technology and knowledge transfer from incubator. I am convinced that the strategy of
academia to business. Universities have to capitalization of research, building on regional
demolish the walls of the ivory tower and partnerships, is at the core of all successful
become open institutions, human capital and sustainable initiatives that universities can
factories, knowledge factories, and regional carry out in the present society. It applies both
development factories. Consequently both in G8 as well as developing countries, and has
researchers and students must understand to be at the core of all joint internationalization
the economic and management issues and and co-operation programmes between
implications behind their activities, must universities. I will illustrate below four examples
develop entrepreneurial skills, and be aware of of joint international collaborations according
how to pursue capitalization of research. Far to these principles. The first is with the
from being a threat to their traditional activities University of Yaounde and the Ministries of
and autonomy, or, even worse, a betrayal Animal Husbandry and Health of Cameroun for
of university and education values, this will training veterinary doctors in the most recent
enhance the overall impact of their research techniques for safety control and certification
and knowledge-based activities. of food products of animal origin. The second
To put it in a nutshell: in the XVIIth Century is a joint degree in wine technologies with the
Galileo had a terrific impact on the future of the University in Mendoza (Argentina). The third
world which triggered the scientific revolution. is a joint Masters with the JNTU University in
This he achieved by building less than ten Hyderabad (India) for building virtual museums
telescopes which he donated to the royal and IT for cultural heritage. Finally, we have
families of Europe. a cluster of projects for disseminating civil
He could not have possibly had such an protection and risk management expertise and
impact in this century without filing a patent, safety at work. All these projects capitalize both
drawing up a business plan, starting and research and regional entrepreneurial
incubating a university spin-off company to vocations”.

The Challenge of the Millennium


Development Goals Science and Innovation
Robert Aymar, Director General of CERN: “Fundamental
In September 2000, at the UN Millennium Summit, world research is the primary force for innovation, where innovation
leaders agreed to a set of time-bound and measurable goals is understood to be a new idea, method or device that is being
and targets to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, realised and exploited. History teaches us that big leaps in
environmental degradation and discrimination against human advancement have mainly come about as a result
women. Placed at the heart of the global agenda, they are of pure curiosity. Innovation may occur when new scientific
now called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The insights and clear needs come together in applied sciences
Summit’s Millennium Declaration also outlined a wide range or industry. Countries that score highly in innovation support
of commitments in human rights, good governance and excellence in pure and applied sciences and create favourable
democracy. The 8 MDGs - which range from halving extreme conditions to foster applications for industry. With information
poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing and communication technologies (ICT) such an environment
universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 can be created remotely by making scientific knowledge freely
- form a blueprint agreed to by all the countries of the world available and by collaborating towards common goals, using
and all the world’s leading development institutions. According novel, ICT-based collaborative tools. This offers the opportunity
to the the UN Development Group, the world is making to collaborate internationally in sciences and related fields and
progress towards the MDGs, but it is uneven and too slow. A to address greater challenges. It also facilitates collaboration
large majority of nations will reach the MDGs only if they get between universities in developed and less developed countries
substantial support - advocacy, expertise and resources - from with the aim of educating more young people to become
outside. The challenges for the global community, in both the teachers, doctors, entrepreneurs and leaders in less developed
developed and developing world, are to mobilize financial countries. The G8 and UNESCO should promote and support
support and political will, re-engage governments, re-orient local initiatives in such regions to connect universities and trade
development priorities and policies, build capacity and reach points to the internet at sufficient bandwidth, and hence help to
out to partners in civil society and the private sector. bridge or alleviate the “digital, scientific and development divide”
between the rich and poor countries.”

5 | 11 May 2007
Focus on Participants

Hans Van Ginkel


UN Under-Secretary-General, Rector of UN University, Japan
Professor van Ginkel’s message to for All” (EfA) are two sides of the same
the G8 UNESCO Forum focuses on coin, and can only be achieved when
the importance of knowledge and all levels and all sectors of education
sustainable development. His address are developed in a balanced way. In
launches two core questions: “How to this context, “it is clear that scientific
place research and innovation on the knowledge must contribute, inter alia, to
national, as well as on the international technological innovation and must also
agenda for development?” and “How to find its way into education to prepare
enhance scientific capacity in developing new generations to contribute to new
countries in order to generate appropriate scientific knowledge and innovation”. In a
technologies and to have political comparable way, innovations contribute
decisions based on the best available to the development of new knowledge
information?”. Furthermore, the UNU and find their way into education to foster
Rector underlines the importance of “our new generations of better equipped
shared future and the ways in which scientists and innovators who embark on
knowledge can help us achieve our their work at a higher level.
ultimate aims for a safer and more secure Furthermore, “if we want to focus to strengthen education, knowledge
world and a better quality of life for all”. successfully on education, scientific and innovation capacities in the region
Hans van Ginkel is also proposing research and technological innovation in question. The objective could be
various “policy lines”, necessary for and their inter-relationships with particular “to create “home-grown” human and
achieving the Millennium Development attention to developing countries and institutional capacities for education,
Goals and those of the UN Decade of sustainable development, we must knowledge development, preservation
Education for Sustainable Development. understand both knowledge and and transfer, as well as to strengthen
With regard to education, “all education innovation in a broad sense, including specific innovation systems”. Last
(formal and non-formal) at all levels economic, social, cultural and political but not least, “it is crucial to involve all
and in all sectors must be reconsidered aspects, not in a narrow technological stakeholders, including government/
and transformed so as to prepare the sense. Hans van Ginkel thus maintains political leaders, business and other
next generations to better contribute to that Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers representatives of society in an early
the sustainable development of their and other plans focusing on sustainable stage in the planning and implementation
societies”. “Education for Sustainable development - which try to promote ‘self of programmes and projects aiming at
Development” (EfSD) and “Education help’ solutions - should include proposals strengthening the ‘Knowledge Triangle’“

Pratap C. Reddy
Founder and Executive Chairman, Apollo Hospitals Group, India
A trained cardiologist with international The Forum’s added value comes from its have been drawn from the educational,
experience, Dr. Reddy is well known in structure. Participants include members scientific and entrepreneurial worlds,
the medical and business communities. of the G8 countries as well as others and have representatives from both the
He worked at the Missouri State Chest from developing countries. The speakers public and private sectors, thus giving the
Hospital (US), where he headed several Forum a fairly widespread representation,
research programmes. He also served spanning geography, economy, industry
as the Chairman of several scientific and culture.
meetings and presented papers at What is the role you foresee for your
US medical conventions. In 1983, the country in the field of sustainable
absence of world-class medical facilities development ?
in India spurred him to set up the first India and Indians are leading contributors
Apollo Hospital in Chennai, at a time to the global economy.
when private healthcare institutions International discussion forums such
were virtually unheard of in India. Over as the G8-UNESCO World Forum will
the years, Dr. Reddy has been able to certainly stand to gain from India’s
attract leading medical talent to India, insights and experience, which are
including doctors from hospitals in the US founded on the strengths of the size
and UK. He has also been instrumental of its population, its economy, and its
in bringing about several regulatory entrepreneurial might. As the Founder
changes concerning licensing, ceasing of and Executive Chairman of India’s first
import restrictions, permission for organ and largest corporate hospital chain,
transplants, etc.. Reddy’s pioneering I represent ‘New India’ - a country
approach and tireless efforts have where private enterprise has spurred an
contributed significantly to the emergence unprecedented economic resurgence that
of the private healthcare sector in India. has not only taken the country by storm,
but also the entire world, a corporate
What is your opinion of the added India confident in its own ability to add
value of the Forum as compared to value to both the national and global
other similar international events? economies.

11 May 2007 | 6
Hebe Vessuri
Head of the Department of Science Studies, Institute
of Scientific Research, Venezuela
In her summary, Vessuri emphasized of high technology as well. “Given the
three main aspects of the presentations diversity of local situations in the world it
from the sessions- the regional and local is only sensible to wonder whether this
dimension, the brain circulation and is the right sort of question to be asked
the HE governance to enable both new or expectation to be held”. According to
knowledge and equity challenges to be various speakers, “the high-stakes world
assured. Various speakers underlined of high tech is not even remotely the only
the fact that the “university, industry, possible way to develop and grow for
and government operate in a national a dynamic locality”. Even more, in the
and international context, but they future, this is going to be the exception
occupy local sites” as well. There is no rather than the rule. “We should rather be
practical arrangements reflecting a
disjunction between the global and the thinking of exploring alternatives that take
renewed approach to human mobility.
local, but a continuum with countless account of the diversity of situations”.
“The losses to developing countries are
mediations, including strategic anchoring Therefore, “instead of asking what a
a real threat and we must move from
on national innovation systems. Public local context can learn in its effort to
‘brain drain’ and ‘brain gain’, to a new
policies must thus have dual or multiple copy from the experiences of the great
set-up in which developing nations will
approaches to attend to a complex set of industrial complexes that have grown
be compensated by their contribution to
problems. “When considering capacity- in the world, it seems more promising
human resource provision to the global
building for example –said Vessuri-, it is to explore the peculiar combination of
economy by concrete mechanisms, as
not a question of thinking only of science the local conditions and endowments
countries like India are doing”.The third
and technology, as has often been with the regional, national or even global
issue deals with education governance,
done, but it must include enabling local opportunities, on the basis of capacity
the identification of the best models
populations to improve their condition building and strategic thinking”. The
of education governance, teaching
in connection with practical knowledge second comment has to do with brain
and management. According to Hebe
issues (traditional or not), while circulation, said Hebe Vessuri, that
Vessuri, “an improvement in university
promoting a better appreciation of local underlined the increasing importance
governance is observable in many
needs and opportunities. The session of migrations and brain circulation.
different contexts, together with an
“postcard” proposed by Hebe Vessuri According to the session rapporteur,
intense period of reform in the laws of
highlights the importance of dealing with in view of the global ‘requirements’ of
higher education in many countries”.
the issue of how emerging localities the new economies, various speakers
can compete with the high-stakes world focused on the necessity to establish

Carlo Rizzuto President, Elettra Laboratory, Italy


strategic policies and actions, the the triangle of Knowledge, Research
most effective being evaluation as an and Innovation. “Better to lose a fraction
instrument to increase excellence, of GNP, than to save on education!
and the growth of cultural affinities Education is the heart of innovation.”
based on sharing norms giving value to In the context, in the globalized world,
mobility and openness”. Furthermore, a region should aim at “capturing the
“the enhancement of the strategic flow” and be able to allow changes by
role of universities can be achieved responding to the rapidly changing world,
by benchmarking and best practices”. rather than close its borders. As far as
Excellent industries collaborate with the specific barriers are concerned (fiscal
excellent universities, and know how to and institutional barriers), “these should
find them; the measure of excellence be addressed by countries to promote
for universities is the quality of basic combined investments”. In order to
research, while excellence of an industry achieve this, though, the society needs
is measured by its market competitivity. long-term strategies, political focus and
In this context, it is important that persistence.
appropriate criteria be applied to define The specific barrier to be overcome
In his summary, Rizzuto highlighted the
excellence, without mixing them or the within and around the universities is the
key points of the session, focusing on
missions. “Once excellence is ensured, disciplinary fragmentation, said Rizzuto,
the role of universities, “highly strategic
competition and collaboration can easily while summing up the conclusions of
for the development of innovation and
coexist, as there is no need to be the session. In this context, according to
entrepreneurship”. This role is actually
defensive or fearful of being open”. the Session speakers and participants,
implemented through several channels,
Another important point that came out “society needs a strategic approach,
the most effective being Education,
during the session was the fact that by all actors, towards responding
Knowledge Sharing and Knowledge
participants underlined the essential to the rapid change of society, with
Transfer. According to the president
role of governments in ensuring that a commensurate change and flexibility on
of ELETTRA, all speakers underlined
favourable environment exists for growth the part of the universities.
the fact that “these channels must be
and for strengthening the links inside
enhanced by appropriate long-term

7 | 11 May 2007
Programme of Saturday 12 May 2007
09:00-10:00 Knowledge and Professor Teboho MOJA Resources, Science and Technology Closing Session
Sustainable Development Department of Administration African Union
Leadership and Technology ADDIS ABABA 14:30 - 15:45 Knowledge for
Chair The Steinhardt School of Education Sustainable Development: The
Professor Jacob PALIS USA ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION Future
President Hon. Professor Hany Mahfouz
The Academy of Sciences for the 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break HELAL Chair
Developing World (TWAS) Minister of Higher Education and Professor Werner BURKART
National Institute of Pure and 11:00-13:00 Special Session Scientific Research Deputy Director General
Applied Mathematics on “Science, Technology and EGYPT IAEA
BRAZIL Innovation: Perspectives for VIENNA
Africa” Hon. Dr. Noah M. WEKESA
Keynote speakers Minister of Science and Keynote Speakers
Professor Hans VAN GINKEL Coordinator Technology Professor Édouard BRÉZIN
Rector United Nations University Professor Mohamed HASSAN KENYA Former President of French
TOKYO Executive Director The Academy Academy of Sciences
of Sciences for the Developing Hon. Prof. Romain MURENZI Laboratory of Theoretical Physics
Hon. Professor ATTA-UR- World (TWAS) Minister of Science, Technology of the École Normale Supérieure
RAHMAN, FRS President African Academy of and Scientific Research FRANCE
Adviser to the Prime Minister on Sciences RWANDA
Science and Technology TRIESTE Mr. Roger H. SCHJERVA
Chairman [Federal Minister] Hon. Dr. Yaye Kène GASSAMA Deputy Minister
Higher Education Commission Welcome remarks DIA Ministry of Finance
PAKISTAN Ambassador Armando SANGUINI Minister of Scientific Research NORWAY
Personal Representative of the SENEGAL
Dr. Dimitri PISKOUNOV Prime Minister for Africa Sir David KING, FRS
Deputy Director-General Director General for sub-Saharan Closing Remarks Chief Scientific Advisor to H.M.
UNIDO Africa Hon. Dr. Patrizia SENTINELLI Government and Head of the Office
VIENNA ITALY Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Science and Technology
ITALY UK
10:00-10:30 Discussion and the Opening Remarks
Report of the Rapporteur Professor Nagia ESSAYED 13:00-14:30 Lunch 15:45-16:30 Discussion
Rapporteur Commissioner for Human

G8-UNESCO World Forum Trieste 10-12 May 2007


No. 2, Friday 11 May 2007
Newsletter Editing Gabriela Preda
Technical Coordination Beniamino Pagliaro - www.rvnet.eu
Translations Sharon Berry
Graphics Marco Kirchmayr
Photos Massimo Silvano
Consultancy Claudio Tuniz, Surya Raghu, Joe Niemela
Organizing Secretariat The Office

mail: forum.ictp@theoffice.it
web: g8forum.ictp.it
Video of the Forum online on www.rvnet.eu
Photo first page: Indira Savitree, delegate from Mauritius

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