APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH <?.

293

THEOREMS STATED BY RAMANUJAN (Y) :

APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH cx

By (jr. N. WATSON.

[Received 17 April, 1928.—Read 10 May, 1928.]

1. Among the theorems stated by Ramanujan* in his letter of

January 16, 1913, to Hardy is the following :
. X . X . . X o

lohere Ju = — 4-,-,..,—rr\ where k lies between — and 777.

3 135 (x+A;) 4i> 21
This is an extension oi! a question proposed earlier by Rainanujant,
namely to prove that y lies between l: and ^. A "partial solution" of
this question was published by him*, in the course of which he showed
that y = -£ when x = 0 and that y -> J when x -*- ao ; and he remarked
that "it is difficult to prove that y lies between JV and ^-".
With the help of analysis which resembles the analysis used by
Ramanujan, I shall now give a complete proof § that y actually lies be-
tween i and J ; and 1 shall also give reasons, which seem to me to be
fairly convincing, for believing that k lies between 8/45 and 2/21.
In the preceding statements, x is naturally a positive integer or
zero; it is, however,'possible to define y in a simple manner as a

* Collected papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan (1927), xxvi.

t Journal Indian Math. Soc, 3 (1911), 128.
I Ibid., 4 (1911), 151-152.
§ [Added, 11 February, 1929.—Since this paper was written, a rather different proof that
h^V^h h a s been published by Szego, Journal London Math. Soc, 3 (1928), 225-232; I de-
cided, however, not to alter my proof because it occupies only a small part of this paper, and
it would not be very convenient to base my investigation of k on the analysis contained in
Szego's paper.]
294 G. N. WATSON [MaylO r

function of a continuous positive variable x. When this is done, | and

J are still the upper and lower bounds for y; but. for a certain range
of values of x, namely 0 < x <. 00316, k is slightly greater than 8/45.

2. It is easy to see that, when a is a positive integer.

y 2ar* ^ x" r ^ l ! + 2 r * " + * n

= TT-A vre~rdv+l-± 2 xCmxm\ if-ue-dv

"X Jo •£ m=o Jo

= 1 + Y f u*e - du-x (°(l + ^Ye-vdv

xil v)

bv writing- MX for v in the first integral and (U—l)x for D in the second
integral.
We shall adopt the last expression as the definition of y when x
is a continuous positive variable, so that, whenever x > 0 ,

y = 1 + -|-

Our next step is to combine the two integrals which occur in this
expression. As u increases from 0 to 1, uel~u increases steadily from
0 to 1; and as U increases from 1 to oo, Uex~u decreases steadily from
1 to 0. Hence, if in both integrals we take a new variable t, defined by
the equations
ne}-v = «-', Uel'v =e~\
it is evident that

2 Jo \dt ' ^f/

shall henceforward use the symbols t. u. U in the sense just
specified, so that, for any given positive value of t, u and U are func-
tions of t which are determined uniquely by the conditions
uel-v = <r', Ue1-1' = e-\ 0 < v < 1 < V.
Since I have not infrequently felt the need for Tables of u and L r
qua functions of t, I have considered it desirable to compute the Tables
of « and U which are given at the end of this paper.
1928.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e x. 295

3. We shall now study the properties of u and U, qua functions

of t. It is easy to see that

dU _ U du_ w_ d?U _ U dhi u

dt U-V dt~ 1-u' df ~ {(J-1)3' ~dF ~ (1-uf
It is possible to express u, U and t as explicit functions of a para-
meter v by writing U = uc?'\ and then

u = v(cothr —1), U = •y
sinh v
t = v coth v — 1+log

but the complexity of the values of t and dt/dv in terms of v makes-

this representation comparatively useless for practical purposes.
It may also be remarked that, as a consequence of Legendre's
deduction* from Biirmann's theorem,

6 + +
- T i 2l si
(which is certainly valid when 0 ^ u<L 1), w:e have

u = n=o
2, n!

by taking a = /? = 1; and, in fact, the latter part of the appended

Table of values of u is indistinguishable from a Table of the function
€-('+i) which is the first term of this expansion for u.
We next examine the behaviour of u and U when t is small; it
may be proved that the expansion of L7 in ascending powers of t is

3 r 36 135^4320^8505
139(2Q* 2f4 571(2fl3
5448200 "'"25515 2351462400 •"'
and the corresponding expansion of u is derived from this series by
changing the signs of the terms with fractional indices.
The order of magnitude of the coefficients in this expansion is of
some importance. To investigate it, we put t = \z2, and then

A. M. Logendre, Exercices de calcul integral, 2 (1816), 234.

 296 G. N. WATSON [May 10,

while, if z is now regarded as a complex variable, L7 is one of the branches

of w the many-valued function of z defined by the equation

w—l—\ogto = \z*.
The only branch points of w, qua function of z, are points at which
dw/dz is zero or infinite, and, at all such points, w = 1 so that z? = 4nni
(n = l, 2, 3, ...)•
Hence the expansions of U and u are convergent when

The only possible singularities of w on the circle of convergence

| . = 2-V/T are consequently

now a simple computation shows that

is not equal to 1 when z = '2c±**i^/ir, so that, in point of fact, if z

approaches the circle of convergence from inside, the points 2e±5lr/N/!7 are
the only singularities* of the branch U.
Near z = 2e3ff<y'7r, we have

17=1-

with a similar expansion (obtained by writing —i for i throughout) near

z = 2 e - ^ VT-
Hence, by the theory of functions of large numbers, due to Darboux*,
the coefficient of zn in the expansion of U is approximately equal to the
coefficient of zn in the expansion of

* The other two points are, of course, branch points of ti = 1 — 2 +

•f Journal de Math. (3), 4 (1878), 5-36, 377-416.
 1928.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e':. 297

•when n is large; this coefficient is equal to

1 . 3 . 5...(271-3) co8j(n+l)7r ^ ,_)n co8^(n+l)y
{
' 2.4.6...(2/t) 2w-^7ri(M-1> ~( }
2't-M'ln0i'
by Stirling's theorem. Hence the coefficient of t*" in the expansion of U
is approximately equal to

4. Now that the expansions of u and U in ascending powers of t have

'been obtained, it is possible to investigate the asymptotic expansion of y.
•On integration by parts we have

The last integral is convergent when x ^ 0, whereas previous integrals

.'have been convergent only when x>().
Now d?(U-\-u)/dt2 is bounded when t ^ 0; for, when t is small, it is
expansible in a series of positive integral powers of t, convergent when
0 ^ fc<27r; and, except when t = 0, it is expressible in the form
( U u \
\{JJ—lf (\—uf\
which is obviously bounded when // and U are not nearly equal to 1.
It follows that the asymptotic expansion of y, when x is large, is
.obtained by substituting the expansion of d?(U-\-u)/dt2, namely
8 16* 16t2
+
135 * 2835 8505 •'
in the last integral, and integrating term-by-term.
Hence, when x is large and positive,
J__^ 4^ 8 16
U
" 3 i "l35o; 2835a;2 8505X3"1"*"''

"SO LilcLlJ ————— ^^^ ^^__ _^ ,. -^— 5 —r— , . ,

x+k x 21x2 63«3^ '
2 8 2
1 7 1 . rtf1\
and k• = KT+T7T~ + 0(-f .
21 441a; \xv
298 G. N. WATSON [May 10,

It is evident from this result that k is greater than 2/21 for all suffi-
ciently large values of x.

5. In order to obtain definite bounds for y and k, as opposed to-

approximations, we need inequalities satisfied by d?(U-\-u)ldtf.
An inequality which is effective in dealing with y is

+ u
df df < '
but, before proving it, we shall establish the more elementary inequality

since the method required to prove it indicates the method which is

appropriate for the former inequality.

(I) From the formulae of § 3 it is evident that the inequality

£+£><>
is true if u+[7—2«[7 ^ 0, i.e. if
^ U

To prove that this is the case, define v by the equation

U
2*7-1
and then we have to prove that u ^ v.
It is evident that

The function on the right vanishes when [7 = 1; and, when U > l r

its derivate, which is 8([7—1)2/(2[J—I)2, is positive. Hence the function,
itself is positive when [ 7 > 1 , so that

Since uex~u is an increasing function of u, it follows from this in

equality that u^-v, and therefore we have proved that

dt + dt
1928] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e*. 29i>

(II) The inequality involving second differential coefficients is rather

more troublesome; it is evidently adequate to prove that
U u

and for this purpose we shall prove that the function

U u

(which vanishes when t = 0) has a positive differential coefficient with,

respect to t when t > 0.
It is easy to prove that
^ T U u 1 __ U (1 3 | , u f1 , 8 )
dt L g(u-if~l°8a-iif] ~ u-i \u~ u-i'i+ l-u i u + 1 ^ >
= (U— u)(<luU-hu+U— 4)

and, to prove that this is positive, we have to show that

TT. 4—u

Let V=
so that
-i\ 4—

The function on the right vanishes when u = 1; and, when u <L 1,

its derivate, which is

is positive. Hence the function itself is negative when i t < 1, that is to

say
\og(Uel-u)<\og(Vel-v).
Since Ue 1-tr is a decreasing function of U, it follows from this in-
equality that V <C U. and consequently that
d

when t >• 0; and this is a sufficient condition for the truth of the
inequality

df + d*
when t ^ 0.
300 G. N. WATSON [May 10,

It does not seem to be practicable to treat higher differential co-

efficients of U+u in this manner.

6. We now return to the expression for y; we define the function

<j>(t) by the equation
135 [ V a ) _ 2*_

i 4 r
so that y = y + — I e-yX<t>{t)dt.
Since, as was proved in § 5, <j>(t) ^ 0, it is evident from this expres-
sion that y decreases steadily as x increases. Hence the value of y, for
any positive value of x, lies between the limits to which y tends when
x-+0 and x->ao. Since these limits are ^ and J, we have now estab-
lished Bamanujan's preliminary theorem that \~^y"^\-
We next have to examine the value of k which is now given by the
formula

If the inequalities

were true—or, what comes to the same thing, if the inequalities

2
21 ^
were true—we should at once obtain the result that k lies between 2/21
and 8/45. But, in point of fact, neither of these inequalities holds for
all positive values of t; for, as t increases from zero, —/ -1 log <f>(t) increases
from 2/21, and it appears from a Table that the function attains a
maximum value (when t is about 7'2) which is nearly equal to 02239, and
this maximum is greater than 8/45 : and, as t-» oo , — ^~]log <f>(t) behaves
like r 1 log(8*3/135) which is less than 2/21.
Since the function —t~l log <p{t) seemed somewhat complicated to
investigate analytically, it appeared preferable to tabulate il;. For this
purpose <p(t) is given to sufficient accuracy by the expression
135 i U w__|
8 \(U-lf (1-ufl1
for all except small values of t; for values of t less than about 050 it was
1928.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e*. 801

found preferable to use the expansion of $(£) in ascending powers of t.

This expansion to a large number of terms was obtained by taking the
formulae of § 3 :
— 2vcothi>, t = vcotht>—l+log- ,

expanding the expressions on the right in powers of «3, reverting the

second expansion so as to get v2 in series of powers of t and substituting
in the first expansion. The procedure, which involved considerable
labour, seemed to be the simplest method of determining the series
which, after two differentiations, gave the series for <p(t). It is adequate
to quote here the first six terms, namely

i i
218S615
1
21 63 280665 + 10945935 164189025
+

It seems evident from the Table that —tf"1log 0(0 has only one
maximum in the range of the Table, and it is easy to prove that it has
no maxima for values of t beyond the range of the Table; and it will
appear in § 7 that the hypothesis that —t~l log <f>(t) has only a single
maximum is adequate for the purpose of obtaining the properties of h
which we require. We now have to collect the available evidence in
support of the hypothesis.
In. the first place, we can prove that —t~l log <j>{t) is certainly a
decreasing function of t when t exceeds 8 4 ; for we have

U-l-logU
XT d (u(U-lf) u(U—'.
Now 37 ^— -*> —
at

by a result obtained in § 5, and so

is always a decreasing function of t. Moreover, the function

g
U-l-\ogU \ 1S5U )
is a decreasing function of U (and therefore also of t) when
ZP-W, TT ol ,TT 1X ,, 135 ^^
(U-D* °g U log(CT-l)+log ~g- < 0.
302 G. N. WATSON [May 10,

But the differential coefficient with respect to U of the function on the

left has the negative value
2C7+4 (TT , . m

and so the function itself is negative when L7 exceeds the value for
which the function is zero. It is found by trial that
217+1 C72—4C7 rT" /TT ,, . . 185
TT i + tTT n a l o 8 US log(?7—l)+log-^-

vanishes when U is about 11'8 and t is about 8'4. Hence it is negative

when t > 8'4, and so
1
8
tf-1-lostr
g I 185^
is a decreasing function of t when t > 8"4.
Hence —t~l log 0(i) is expressible as the sum of two functions which
•are both decreasing when t;>8-4, and therefore — t"1 log <p(t) is cer-
tainly a decreasing function of t when t >• 8"4.
When 0 ^ t < 8 ' 4 , the values of — r U o g ^ f t ) shown in the Table
indicate that the function varies continuously with t, the first and second
differences being reasonably steady throughout the range of the Table;
and there is no singularity of this function in the complex domain of t
near this range of values of t to cause any abrupt variation of the func-
tion between successive entries. A singularity which could cause the
function to have a maximum concealed between successive entries
without producing any visible effect on the differences of the first four
•orders would be a singularity of a kind which could not be expected to
•occur in a function of so simple a type of function as the logarithmic-
exponential type of which —t"1 log <f>(t) is a specimen.
It will therefore be assumed that the only maximum of — f~l log <f>(t)
in the interval 0 ^ t ^ 8 * 4 is the maximum near t = 7'2. whose presence
is evident from the Table.
With this assumption, the equation

log <f>(t) _2_

t 21
has only one positive root (the root t = 0 being, of course, excepted).
This root is beyond the range of the .Table; its value is about 563, and
it will be called a.
1928.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e*. 808

AI i.i i- log 6(£)

11 8
Also the equation ^j - = jz

has only two positive roots b and c say (b <C c). The value of 6 is about
•26 and the value of c, which is beyond the range of the Table, is about
184.

7. It is now possible to investigate the manner in which k varies

as x increases from 0 to oo.

Write ( - ~ «) - *(*) = Mt),

so that
fi(t)>0

Then % ( « ) + ^ ^ = £ e-*'(a-t)Mt) dt > 0,

since the integrand is never negative.
Consequently eaxxi(x) ^s a n increasing function of x; and therefore,
since its value when x = 0 is ^-—£§**•, it is always positive.
Hence, on the hypothesis that fi(t) = 0 has only one positive root, it
has been proved that k ^ 2/21.

Next write 0«)-exp (~ ^ *) =

so that

Then
* 0,
since the integrand is never negative.
That is to say

and so
304 G. N. WATSON [May 10;

is an increasing function of x; it is easy to see that it tends to — ao a&

a;->0, and it tends to -\-<x> as z->oo; it therefore has one (and only
one) zero, say x — x0.
Then

that is to say
d r

Hence, as x increases from 0 to oo, e^xafa) decreases to a minimum

at Xo and then increases up to +oo. Since \3;(0) = 0, this minimum value-
of e^xaC^) *s negative, and therefore eftrxa(») n a s o n e ( an( i only o n e )
zero, say x = xx, other than x = 0 ; and xx ^> x0.
It is now evident that
XateXO (0 <x<xx); xMX* (x > x,).
Hence, on the hypothesis that /j(t) = 0 has only two positive rootsT
it has been proved that

45
The only problem of interest which is now outstanding is the in-
vestigation of the magnitude of Xi.. The values of k for integral values
of x are given in the following Table :

X k X k

0 0-1777778 6 0-1069334
1 0-1480979 7 0-1053200
2 0-1269317 8 0-1040960
3 01175621 9 0-1031360
4 0-1123994 10 0-1023631
5 0-1091546 ao 0-0952381

Since fe<C8/45 when x = 1, it is evident that ai <C 1 and that

k < 8/45 for all values of x (integral or otherwise) which are greater
than 1; and this establishes Ramanujan's theorem that k lies between
8/45 and 2/21 in the restricted case when x is an integer, on the
hypothesis that — t ~1 Jog <p(t) has only one maximum.
In view of the fact that r r i < l , we proceed to investigate an
asymptotic expansion of k which is valid for small values of x.
1028.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH r1'. 305

8. The modification of the original integral (§ 2) for y which is appro-

priate when x is small is

y = l-\-r.\ e 'du
J
Jo 2.r
Tn this integral write

6 +
~ 1 2! • ++ m! +

•where 0 <C 8 <. 1, and we have the asymptotic expansion

tmdu
0 m=0 "Wl • Jo

tlie error due to stopping at any term being of the same sign as, and
numerically less than, the first term neglected.
Hence

By expanding r(;r-|-l) and g-<l0S' into series which converge when

i) ^ ;r <C 1, we deduce that

where y is Euler's constant, and hence that

, 8 8a; logx o;(8y+23) ,
/C
'^±5~ 15 15 +•-
the first term omitted being of the order of (x log x)2.
Now consider the expression
8x\o{r(l/x)—(8y+23)g
15
It vanishes when x = 0; as x increases up to 001165 it increases up to
a maximum equal to 0006215, and then it decreases steadily for all larger
values of x, vanishing when x = 00316. When x is as small as 00316.
or smaller, the terms in k which are of order (x Iogx)2 are small compared
with (8y4-23)a;/15. Hence we infer that xx is in the neighbourhood oi:
003, and that k has one maximum value (and no more) which it attains
when x is in the neighbourhood of 001, the maximum value of the excess
of k over 8/45 being about 0006.
SBK. 2. VOL. 29. NO. 1693. X
 G. N. WATSON [May 10,

l'JR /

u n )
Solutions of ne]-" =Uel-l' = e-1, with values of <p (/) = — '
8 \{U-1)*

n U *(0 t

0 1 0000000 1 0000000 1-0000000 00952381 0

002 08131051 1-2135497 0-9980826 0-0959634 002
004 0-7431713 1-3101147 0-9961399 00966882 004
006 0-6923808 1-3875128 09941723 0-0974124 006
008 06514587 1-4550189 09921799 00981359 0-08
010 06168168 1-5162212 0-9901628 0-0988588 010
0-12 0-5866172 1-5729578 0-9881214 00995809 0-12
014 05597691 1-6263195 0-9860558 0-1003024 014
016 0-5355627 1-6770161 (.-9839662 0-1010232 016
0-18 05135055 1-7255401 09818529 0-1017432 0-18
0-20 0-4932394 1-7722498 0-9797161 01024624 0-20

022 04744943 1-8174154 0 9775559 0-1031808 0-22

0*24 0-4570605 1-8G12468 0-9758727 0-1038984 024
026 04407716 1-9039093 0-9731666 0-1046152 026
0-28 0-4254928 1-9455391 0-9709380 0-1053310 0-28
030 04111131 1-9862469 09686869 01060460 0-30
0-32 0-3975398 2 0261252 0-9664138 0-1067600 0-32
0-34 0-3846947 2 0652525 0-9041187 01074731 0-34
0-36 0-3725108 2-1036956 0-9618020 0-1081852 0-36
038 0-3609307 2 1415122 09594639 0-1088963 0-38
040 0-3499042 2-1787524 09571047 01096064 040
042 03393876 2-2154601 0-9547245 01103154 042
044 03293423 2-2516739 09523237 01110234 0-44
046 0-3197339 2-2874281 0-9499026 0-1117302 0-46
048 03105321 2-3227532 09474613 0-1124359 0-48
050 03017096 2 3576767 0-9450001 01131405 0-50
052 0 2932416 2-3922231 0-9425194 0-1138439 052
054 0-2851061 2-4264148 09400193 01145461 054
056 02772829 2-4602719 0-9375001 0-U52471 0-56
0-58 0-2697536 2-4988128 09349622 01159409 058
060 02625015 2-5270543 0-9324057 01166454 o-oo
0-62 0-2555113 2-5600119 09298310 01173426 0-62
064 0-2487688 2-5926997 0-9272383 0-1180385 0-64
066 02422612 2-6251307 0-9246280 01187331 0-66
06S 0-2359764 2-6573169 0-9220002 0-1194263 0-68
070 0-2299032 2-6892697 09193552 01201181 0-70
072 0-2240315 2-7209991 0-9166934 0-1208086 072
074 0-2183517 2-7525151 0-9140151 0-3214976 0-74
076 0-2128548 2 7838264 09113204 012-21S51 0-76
0-78 02075325 2-8149415 0-9086098 01228712 0-78
080 02023770 2 8458682 0-9058834 0123555'J 080
082 01973811 28766139 09031416 0-1242390 0-82
0-84 01925379 2-9071854 0-9003846 0-1249-205 0-84
086 0-1878411 2-9375893 0-8976128 0-1256005 0-86
088 01832815 2-9678316 0-8948264 01262790 088
090 0-1788626 2-9979181 0-8920258 0-1269558 0-90
092 01745699 30278542 0-8892112 01276310 0-92
094 0-1704014 3 0576450 0-8863828 01283046 0-94
096 01663523 30872954 0-8835411 0-1289765 096
0-98 0-1624180 3-1168101 0-8806863 0-1296468 0-98
100 01585943 3-1461932 O-877S186 01303153 100
1928.] APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e*. 307

Solutions of tie 1 "" = Uel~u — c~', with values of <p(t) = — - -— —

t u U <p(t) -t-nofrpit) /

1-0 0-1585943 3-1461932 0-8778186 01303153 10

1-1 0 1409992 3-2912750 0-8632985 0-1336316 1-1
1-2 01256364 3-4336131 08485020 0-1369024 1-2
1-3 0-1121586 35735632 0 8334657 0-1401252 1-3
1-4 0-1002877 3-7114125 0 8182259 0-143-2977 1-4
1-5 0 0897971 3-8473968 0-8028183 01464179 1-5
1-6 00804998 3-9817118 0-7872781 01494836 1-6
1-7 00722401 4-1145229 0-7716393 0-1524930 1-7
1-8 0-0648867 4-2459704 07559352 0-1554442 1-8
1-9 0-0583281 4-3761751 0-7401977 0-1583358 1-9
20 00524691 4-5052415 0-7244575 01611661 20
2-1 0-0472278 4-5332609 07087439 0-1639338 21
22 G0425334 4-7603135 0-6930817 0-1666378 2-2
23 00383241 48364702 0 6775002 0-1692768 2-3
2-4 0-0345463 5 0 L17939 0 6620329 0 1718500 2-4
2-5 00311529 5 1363409 0 6466880 0-1743565 25
2-6 0-0281025 52601618 06314927 0-1767957 2-6
2-7 00253585 5.3833019 0-6164666 01791671 2-7
2-8 00228387 55058025 0-6010278 0-1814701 28
2-9 0-0206646 56277010 0-5869926 0-1837045 2-9
30 0 0186606 5-7490314 0-5725756 01858702 30
31 0 0168544 5-8698248 0-5583900 0-1879670 31
3-2 00152256 5-9901097 05444474 0-1899950 32
33 00137565 6-1099124 05307578 0-1919544 3-3
3-4 0-0124309 6 2292571 0-5173299 0-1938454 3-4
3-5 0-0112345 6-3481659 0 5041711 01956685 35
36 0-0101544 6-4666597 0-4912873 0-1974240 36
3-7 00091791 65847575 0-4786833 0-1991125 37
3-8 00082983 6-7024772 0-4663628 02007346 3-8
3-U 00075027 6-8L98353 04543285 0-2022910 39
4-0 0-0067838 6-9368474 04425818 0-2037825 40
41 0-0001348 7 0535279 04311235 0-2052099 4-1
4-2 0-0055473 7-1098904 0-4199533 0-2065742 4-2
4-3 0-0050167 7-2859475 04090703 0-2078763 4-3
4-4 00045371 7-4017112 0 3984729 0-2091172 4-4
4-5 00041036 7-5171928 0-3881588 0-2102980 45
4-6 00037116 7-6324027 0-3781249 02114197 46
4-7 00033572 7-7473510 0-3683681 0-2124835 4-7
4-8 0 0030368 7-8620470 0 3i88844 02L34906 4-8
4-9 00027470 7-9764997 0 3496695 02144422 49
5-0 0-0024849 8-0907174 03407189 02153395 50
5-1 0-0022479 8-2017032 0 3320276 0-2161837 51
5-2 0-0020336 8-3184795 0-3235906 0-2169762 52
53 0-0018397 8-4320386 03154024 0-2177181 5-3
5-4 0-0016643 8-5453922 03074576 0-2184108 5-4
5-5 00015057 8-6585469 02997503 02190555 5-5
56 0-0013622 8-7715088 0-2922750 02196536 56
57 0-0012324 8-8842839 0 2850256 02202063 57
5-8 00011150 8-9968776 0 2779964 0-2207150 5-8
5-9 0-0010088 9-1092954 0-2711814 0-2211809 59
6-0 0-0009127 9-2215423 0-2645747 0-2216053 60

x2
308 APPROXIMATIONS CONNECTED WITH e'\

Solutions of tie1 - = Uel-V = e-\ with values of » (t) = 1|2 ( U H-_\

8 \(U—I)3 (1 —w)3J

t n U -*-' log, <p(t) /

60 000091271 92215423 02645747 0-2216053 6.0

61 000082579 9-3336233 0-2581703 0-9(219895 61
6-2 000074714 9-4455430 0-2519625 0-2223347 6-2
6-3 0O0067600 9-5573059 02459454 02226422 6-3
6-4 00006116a 9-6689162 0-2401134 0-2229131 64
6-5 0-00055339 9-7803781 0-2344606 0-2231488 6-5
66 0 00050070 9-8916956 0-2289817 0-2233505 6-6
6-7 0-00045303 10 0028723 0-2236711 0-2235192 0-7
6-8 000040J90 101139119 0-2185235 0 2236562 6-8
G-9 0-00087088 10-2248179 02135335 0-2237625 69
70 000033558 10-3355936 0-2086962 0-2238394 70
7-1 000030363 10-4462423 0-2040065 02238878 71
7-2 000027473 10-5567671 0-1994595 0-2239089 7-2
73 000024858 10-6671709 01950505 02239037 7-8
7-4 000022492 10-7774566 01907749 02238731 7-4
75 000020361 10-8876270 0-1866281 02238183 7o
7-6 000018414 10-9976848 01826058 0-2237402 76
7-7 000016661 11 1076325 0-1787038 0-2236397 7-7
7-8 000015076 11-2174726 01749181 0-2235176 7-8
7-9 000013641 11-3272076 0-1712445 0-2233750 7-9
80 000012343 11-4368397 0-1676793 0-2232127 80

8-1 0-00011168 11-5463712 0-1642188 0-2230315 8-1

8-2 000010105 11-6558043 0-1608594 0-2228323 8-2
83 0-00009143 11-7651410 0-1575975 0-2226158 83
84 000008273 11-8743834 . 0-1544299 02223827 8-4
8-5 000007486 11-9835335 01513533 0-2221339 8-5
8-6 000006773 12-0925931 0-1483646 0-2218701 8-6
8-7 0-00006129 12-2015642 0-1454607 0-2215918 8-7
8-8 0-00005545 12-8104484 0-1426388 02212999 88
89 0-00005018 12-4192475 0-1398961 0 2209950 8-9
90 000004540 12-5279632 0-1372297 0-2206776 90
91 000004108 126365971 0-1346372 02203485 9-1
92 000vJ03717 127451509 01321161 0 2200081 9-2
9-3 000003363 12 8536259 01296638 0-2196570 9-3
94 000003043 129620238 0-1272781 0-2192359 9-4
95 000002754 13 0703460 0-1249567 02189251 9-5
96 0-00002492 13-1785938 0-1226975 02185452 9-6
97 000002255 13-2867687 0-1204983 02181567 9-7
98 000002040 13-3948719 01183572 02177600 9-8
99 000001346 13-5029048 0-1162723 0-2173556 99
10.0 0 10001670 13-6108686 0-1142416 0-2169439 100

101 000001511 13-7187646 0- L122635 02165254 101

102 000001367 13-8265938 01103361 0-2161004 10-2
103 000001237 13-9343576 0-1084578 0-2156693 103
10-4 009001120 14-0420569 0 1066271 02152325 10-4
105 000001013 14-1496929 0-1048423 0-2147903 10-5
106 000000917 14-2572667 01031020 0-2143431 106
107 000000829 14-3647793 0-1014048 0-2138911 107
108 000000750 14-4722318 0-0997492 0-2134348 10-8
109 000000679 145796250 0-0981341 02129743 10-9
110 000000614 14-6869600 0-0965581 0-2125100 11-0