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Science
Quarter 4, Module 1:
Force, Motion, and Energy

Name:
 Lesson

Force, Motion, and Energy

1
Overview
Most of the motions we come across in our daily life are non-uniform and the primary
cause of changes in motion is FORCE. In this module, you will learn about the effects of
force on motion. Newton’s Three Laws of Motion – the central organizing principle of
classical mechanics – will be presented and applied to real-life situations.
Learning Objectives

After going through this module, I can:

1. demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion

Activating Prior Knowledge

Task 1: Explain Me!

Direction: Analyze the situation given. Choose and explain the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Rubrics: 10 pts – If the answer was explained very well and showed correct usage of grammar.
5 pts – If the answer was explained well but some error in grammar.
0 pt – If the answer was not correct and not related to the question

1. What causes for an object to move?

Lesson
In the lower grades, you learned that an object can be moved by pushing or pulling. In
physics, this push and pull is referred to as force (F). Consider a ball on top of a table as shown in
Figure 1. If someone pushes the ball, it will move or roll across the surface of the table (Figure 1a).
And when it is again pushed in the direction of its motion, it moves farther and even faster (Figure
1b). But when you push it on the other side instead, opposite to the direction of its motion, the ball
may slow down and eventually stop (Figure 1c). Lastly, when you push it in a direction different
from its original direction of motion, the ball also changes its direction (Figure 1d). Force therefore
can make objects move, move faster, stop, or change their direction of motion. But is this always
the case? Can force always bring about change in the state of motion of an object?

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

An object may be acted upon by several forces. For example, an object may be
pushed and pulled in different directions at the same time. To identify which of these forces
would be able to cause change in the motion of the object, it is important to identify all the
forces acting on it.
 accurately describe the forces acting on an object, it is important for you to be
familiar first with the following terms: magnitude, direction, point of application, and line of
action. Forces are described in terms of these properties. Magnitude refers to the size or
strength of the force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N). Consider the diagram in
Figure 2 showing a force, represented by the arrow, acting on a ball. The direction of the
arrow indicates the direction of the force while the length of the arrow represents the
relative magnitude of the force. If the force applied on the ball is doubled, the length of the
arrow is increased two times. The line of action is the straight line passing through the
point of application and is parallel to the direction of the force.

Task 2. Forces on objects at rest

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to identify the forces acting on an object at rest.

Materials:
pen pair of scissors
string book
Procedure
Situation 1
1. Hang a pen by a piece of string as shown in Figure 3a.

Q1. Is the pen at rest or in motion?

Q2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the forces.
You may use arrows to represent these forces.

2. Cut the string with a pair of scissors.

Q3. What happens to the pen? What could have caused the pen’s motion?

Situation 2
1. Place a book on top of a table as shown in Figure 3b.

Q4. Is the book at rest or in motion?

Q5. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw the
forces acting on the book.

2. Let one member of your group push the book in one

direction and another member push it in the opposite
direction at the same time with the same amount of push
(force).
Figure 3b. Book on a table
Q6. Did the book move? How will you make the book move?

In the situations above, both the pen and the book are at rest. But this does not mean that there
are no forces acting on them. So what causes them to stay in place?
 Assessment

Assessment 2. Investigating inertia! Performance Task

Objective:
At the end of this activity, you should be able to demonstrate Newton’s first law of motion.
Materials:
empty glass 5-peso coins (5 pcs or more)
cardboard plastic ruler
1 peso coin
Procedure
1. Arrange the setup as shown in Figure 7.

2. Slowly pull the cardboard with your hand and observe what happens.

3. Arrange again the setup as shown. This time, quickly flick the cardboard with your

finger. Observe again what happens.

Q1. What happens when you slowly pulled the cardboard?

Explain.

Q2. What happens when you flicked the cardboard? Explain.

Stack of Coins
4. Stack the coins on a flat level surface.

5. Quickly hit the coin at the bottom with the edge of the ruler.

Q3. What happens when you hit the coin at the bottom? Why is this so?

Congratulations! You have completed this module on Science! – Sir Christian