10

SCIENCE
Quarter 4- Module 1
Protein Synthesis

Name:
 Lesson

1 Protein Synthesis

Overview

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and
translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. ... After a
polypeptide chain is synthesized, it may undergo additional processing to form the finished proteins.
Learning objectives
After going through this module, I can:
1. differentiate transcription and translation.

Activating Prior Knowledge

Task 1: Warm UP!

Look over the images below and create a list of similarities and differences that you find. YOU MUST HAVE
ATLEAST THREE OF EACH. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Lesson

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID(DNA)

 Portions of DNA are called genes.

 DNA is tightly wound into chromosomes and located in the nucleus of cells.
 DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
 DNA is DOUBLE STRANDED(2 sides)
MAKING PROTEINS
 Step 1: Transcription

Making a Protein—Transcription
 First Step: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA called Transcription
 Why? DNA has the genetic code for the protein that needs to be made, but proteins are made by the
ribosomes—ribosomes are outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
 DNA is too large to leave the nucleus (double stranded), but RNA can leave the nucleus (single
stranded).
 MAKING PROTEINS

Step 2: Translation
Making a Protein—Translation
• Second Step: Decoding of mRNA into a protein is called Translation.
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.

• These amino acids come from the food we eat. Proteins we eat are broken down into individual amino
acids and then simply rearranged into new proteins according to the needs and directions of our
DNA.

Assessment
Assessment 1. Discuss!

1. On a 1 whole sheet of paper discuss comprehensively the process of protein synthesis (written work)
Rubrics: 50 pts – If the answer was explained very well and showed correct usage of grammar.
30 pts – If the answer was explained well but some error in grammar.
10 pt – If the answer was not correct and not related to the question

Congratulations! You have completed this module on Science! – Sir Christian