GOVERNING OPEARTION OF 2x15MW Turbine

The l5MW turbine Startup is based upon the Two Valve Algorithm. For the reference in
Logic and Write-ups the Nomenclature is given as MV to the Main Stop valve (Safety
Valve) and GV to the Governing valve. The Speed Measurement is done through 2 out 3
measurement logic

Standard Parameters of Turbines are given here under,

Turbine Rated Speed at 50 Hz 6789 RPM

Electrical Overspeed Trip Setting 7468 RPM
Mech. Overspeed Trip Setting RPM
Baring Gear Speed 600 RPM
Max Governing Speed 51Hz 6925 RPM
Min Governing Speed 48.5Hz 6586 RPM
Min Critical Speed 3100 RPM
Max. Critical Speed 3300 RPM
Following Physical input/output are considered for Turbine Control Logic.

Card No Type Pulse Description

FCS Card #1 Input Speed Probe #1

FCS Card #2 Pulse Input Speed Probe #2

FCS Card #3 Pulse Input Speed Probe #3

FCS Card #4 Pulse Input Speed Probe #4

CIS22 Card # 1 Multi I/O type AIl-MW Input

AI2-Spare
AI3-Spare
AI4-Spare
A01-MV Control OIP
A02-GV Control OIP
DI1-Gen Breaker I/P
DI2-Grid Breaker I/P
DI3-Extemal Trip I/P
DO1-Trip OIP to Interlock
D02- Trip OIP to I/H Power Supply
D03-Spare
D04-Spare

DIS13 Card #l DI1-Speed/KW Raise PB

DI2-Speed/KW Lower PB
DI3-0verspeed Trip Test PB
. Starting Conditions
The Operator should check that at the time of starting there should not any external trip
coming from the trip interlocks. If the Machine is in "Shutdown" conditions the
"Shutdown" and "Shutdown mode" indication will appear. Once the external trip goes off
the operator can reset the machine by pressing the Reset PB from the HMI. An indication
will come at the HMI for "Ready to Roll". Once the "Ready to Roll" indication comes the
operator can select the mode of startup from the Auto/Man Selection Pushbuttons which
was made in the ASL logic (Please refer Master Documents) . It should be noted that
once the machine in selected in either of the mode it can not be switched to other mode
while startup is initiated.
After selection of mode of startup the machine can be ready to start.
Here under the mode of startup is given below.

Auto Mode (Ramp Mode)

By visualizing the indication of Auto mode Enabled the Automatic Turbine
Start/Hold/Runup ASL of turbine can be initiated from the HMI. (For the complete Auto
Sequence Logic refer ASL Logic) The start command of turbine rolling to the governor
logic will comes from the ASL. Also the Setpoint to the MV and GV PID will comes
from the MOD 13 and MOD12 logic on starting.
Once the start command initiated from the ASL GV valve starts opens at the rate of 01
%/Sec also the setpoint to the GV PID will go to the 5750 RPM and a mode of indication
of "Ramp mode" comes. The GV setpoint will process to further at 6789 RPM in
predefined step (for Step no. refer ASL logic).
In the predefined step from ASL MV Target setpoint of 720 RPM will go to the MV PID
at a rate of 10 RPM/Sec. To maintain the speed on the basis of Target setpoint, the MV
PID will starts open the MV Valve which will maintain the desired speed i.e. 720 RPM.
The speed setpoint will be remaining at the 720 RPM for a time which will be adopted
trough Cold/Warm/Hot Hold time in the ASL (for Hold details refer ASL Logic). After
delay of Hold time and getting the other process condition of turbine the next step will be
initiated (For other process conditions refer ASL logic) by which setpoint will
automatically processed further to the next setpoint of 1625 RPM at a rate of 10
RPM/Sec. Once again speed will hold for a certain time at setpoint of 1625 RPM based
upon process conditions. This operation will be active at different steps again 1725, 4900,
RPM. Once the setpoint will start moves to 4900 RPM, and after reaching the setpoint of
MV at 4900 RPM and actual speed at 4850 RPM the Speed Control will transfer to GV
from the MV.
In this mode if SP and PV of speed come in between range of critical speed the Set Point
Change ramp rate changed from 10 to 20 RPM /sec in the critical speed band.

Manual Mode Startup (Ramp Mode)

By visualizing the indication of Auto mode Enabled the start command can be given from
the HMI by operator after meeting the other process requirement. Once the start
command initiated from the HMI the GV valve starts opens at the rate of 01 %/Sec also
the setpoint to the GV PID will go to the 5700 RPM and a mode of indication of "Ramp
mode" comes.
The operator will gives a desired Target setpoint of based upon its requirement say 720
RPM, that will go to the MV PID at a rate of 10 RPM/Sec. To maintain the speed on the
basis of Target setpoint, the MV PID will gives the output to the MV Valve which will
maintain the desired speed i.e. 700 RPM. The speed setpoint will be remaining at the
700 RPM unless and until the new setpoint will not given by the operator. The operator
should decide the next setpoint and enter it after meeting the other process requirement.
Once the MV setpoint of 4900 will be given by the operator and after reaching the
setpoint of MV at 4900 RPM and actual speed at 4850 RPM the Speed Control will
transfer to GV from the MV.

In this mode operator should avoid to keep the MV setpoint in between critical band of
range 3100 to 3300 RPM. Also in this mode the Set Point Change rate is changed from
10 to 20 RPM /sec in the critical speed band.

Towards Transfer of startup completion

Once the speed reaches at 4850 RPM either in Auto or Manual mode startup. The
control will transfer to GV, means the Main Valve (MV) start open to 100% irrespective
of setpoint of MV at a rate of 0.5 %/Sec

In the Auto mode GV will goes to some percentage of OIP to maintain speed of
6789.

In the Manual mode once the MV will go to 100% open that will make an initial
command to jump speed from 5700 to 6789 RPM means the Set point (SP) of GV
PID will move to 6789 RPM at a rate of 10 RPM/Sec.

Main Range Mode

Once the speed setpoint reaches 6789 RPM in Ramp mode and actual speed at 6700 the
mode of turbine will shift to main range mode. At this mode the turbine speed can be
Raised or Lowered by pressing the push buttons at HMI, from field from auto
synchronize unit, from the Electrical Panels etc. In this mode the turbine can be rolled in
between a frequency of 48.5 to 50 Hz.

Only in this mode the overspeed testing of turbine can be done. For overspeed testing the
PB overspeed pressed continuously and speed can be controlled upto 110% of rated
speed by Raise Lower PB. It should be noted that in load condition O/S testing can not
be made.

Droop Mode:
While turbine running at main range mode the speed can be changed and can be
synchronized with Grid or other TG.
Once the synchronization condition is fulfilled, auto synchronization unit can do
synchronization, or manually from the Electrical panel by operator. When the
synchronization means generator breaker closes system will come into the droop mode.
In this mode block load of 1.5 to 2 MW will come on the turbine to avoid the reverse
power. Now the machine will be into the droop mode unless & until the Generator
breaker switched off.
In the mode the load on the turbine can be Raised or lowered by pressing the same
Raise/Lower Push Button on HMI.

KW / load control mode

In the Droop mode the load can not be controlled if it is with the grid. As when machine
is in droop mode the load on the machine will be decided by the grid frequency. So to
avoid this more function/mode called as load control has been implemented.

By enabling the KW mode from HMI load can be controlled, when the machine is
running with the grid. When grid Breakers is 'IN' and KW enabled by operator the
machine will go to the KW mode. Means the operator can increase or decrease the
setpoint of MW. Then the load controller PID OIP will give a reference to the speed
controller to maintain the load irrespective of grid frequency.

In this mode the operation can go back to droop mode once the Grid Breaker goes off.

It should be noted that KW mode can only be enabled when the Grid breaker is in ON
condition.

If two machines are running in KW mode and the Grid is ON. And due to some reason
grid fails the both machine will automatically comes to the droop mode and share equal
load even before going out of the Grid breakers the KW setpoint of two machines are
different. (To avoid the same sharing the operator should decided the Droop percentage
as per requirement of plant)

Shutdown Mode
When machine is running in any mode and a shutdown condition comes the
following action will takes place.
All the speed setpoint will goes to zero.
Also the MY & GV output will comes to zero and valve closes immediately.

In this condition operator should check the condition of Trip/Shutdown. Once all the trip
condition checked, once again the machine can be ready for roll again.

Fail Safe Logic Mode

When the Turbine starting from zero rotation i.e. from STOP condition fail safe logic
works. It monitors the speed of the turbine and check whether the speed reaches
250RPM within 180 seconds. If the speed doesn’t reach the limit within the time frame
that means there must be a fault so the Turbine is then tripped by the logic circuitry. We
have to press reset button to start the turbine from beginning.