SKELETAL SYSTEM

Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease
resulting in the loss of bone
tissue. In osteoporosis, the
cancellous bone loses calcium,
becomes thinner, and may
disappear altogether.

Arthritis
There are more than 100 diseases of
the joints referred to as arthritis.
Victims of arthritis suffer pain,
stiffness, and swelling in their joints.

Osteoarthritis, also called

degenerative joint disease, occurs
when a joint wears out. Many elderly
people have osteoarthritis, and the
disease may also occur if a joint has
been injured many times. The joints
most frequently affected are those of the hands, hips, knees,
lower back, and neck.

Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease caused by lack of
ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet. If a
person does not get enough vitamin C, any
wound he or she might have heals poorly.
The person also bruises easily. The mouth
and gums become sore. The gums bleed,
and the teeth may become loose. Patients
lose their appetite, their joints become
sore, and they become restless.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is an inherited

muscle disease, which causes
muscle fibers to become incredibly
susceptible to harm. Muscles grow
progressively weaker, and muscle
fiber becomes replaced with fat and
other tissue. Symptoms include lack
of coordination, muscle weakness,
and a progressive loss of mobility.
There is no cure for the disease, but
some therapies and medications can
help slow its progression.

Myositis

Myositis is a collection of diseases that

cause inflammation in the muscles. Two
common types of myositis are
dermatomyositis, which is accompanied
by a skin rash, and polymyositis, which
can also increase the sufferer's chance
for developing celiac disease. Myositis
diseases are treated successfully with
corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine and a variety
of other drugs that
treat the symptoms of
myositis.

Polymyositis
The connective tissue found
between the muscles in the body
become inflamed and weakened
under Polymyositis. In addition to
weakness and pain, sufferers might
also develop fatigue and a difficulty
swallowing. This disease can lead to
a shortening of the muscles. A
variety of treatments help patients
with polymyositis including corticosteroids immunosuppressive drugs,
plasmapheresis,
Immunoglobulin and
physical therapy.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Crohn's Disease
Crohn's disease causes part of the digestive
tract to become inflamed. Symptoms include:

abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and

poor appetite

Many Crohn's disease sufferers have above

average sugar in their diet, which may
contribute to the cause of the condition or
make the condition worse. There is also
evidence that the increased permeability
of the bowel wall causes nutrients to be
inadequately absorbed, which means that
higher quantities are required. Food
allergies and intolerances may also contribute to the condition and
some think that the immune system has
become overactive.

Hemorrhoids (piles)

Hemorrhoids (piles) are varicose veins in the

lower part of the rectum or anus. The veins
become swollen because of increased
pressure often as a result of constipation and
straining during defecation. They are
common during pregnancy and if the person
is overweight.

Achalasia
Achalasia is the inability to swallow
caused by the inability of the lower
esophagus sphincter or LES to
open.

The symptoms of achalasia are:

 - Difficult in swallowing, choking
- Bad breath, weight loss
- Chest pain, heartburn
- Belching or gas, malnutrition

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Aortic Aneurysm

This is caused when the aorta is damaged and

starts bulging. It might even tear and cause
severe bleeding. Causes are atherosclerosis,
obesity and high blood pressure.

Angina

It is pain or discomfort in the chest

which occurs due to a block in the
blood vessels leading to the heart.
Causes are reduced flow of blood and
not enough oxygen.

Atherosclerosis

When there is a formation of plaque in the walls of the

blood vessels, it results in this condition. The plaque might
be due to fat, cholesterol and calcium. This might obstruct
the flow of blood and in severe cases, even stop it.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Asthma

a common chronic inflammatory disease of the

airways characterized by variable and recurring
symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and
bronchospasm.[ Symptoms include wheezing,
coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of
breath.

Cancer

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by

out-of-control cell growth, and lung cancer occurs
when this uncontrolled cell growth begins in one
or both lungs. Rather than developing into
healthy, normal lung tissue, these abnormal cells
continue dividing and form lumps or masses of
tissue called tumors. Tumors interfere with the
main function of the lung, which is to provide the
bloodstream with oxygen to be carried to the
entire body. If a tumor stays in one spot and
demonstrates limited growth, it is generally
considered to be benign.

Pleurisy

inflammation of the pleural membrane

lining lungs and the chest cavity;
EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Urinary tract infections

are caused by bacteria in the urethra

and bladder. UTIs are more common in
women than men. This is believed to be
due to the female urethra's proximity to
the anus.

Constipation

is the loss of regular and easy bowel

movements. Stool passed through
constipation is often hard. Diarrhea is
the opposite of constipation; the body
experiences stomach cramps and
frequent loose, watery bowel
movements.

Gout

is a disorder in which the

body builds up excess
amounts of uric acid as the
kidneys are unable to
process it properly. Gout
causes joint pain and kidney
stones.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common

cause of dementia in western civilization. It
affects more women than men, and the clinical
course generally lasts approximately five
years. The younger the individual is at the
onset of the disease, the more severe the
deficits for the patient. One famous
contemporary who suffers from the disease is
former U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Huntington Disease

This is an autosomally-inherited,
dominant disorder in which the patient
begins to exhibit symptoms in the third
to fourth decades. Patients with
Huntington Disease (HD) initially have
a tendency to fidget which over
months or years develops into jerky,
choreiform movements. HD usually
progresses over a 10 to 25 year
period. As the disease progresses it
leads to dementia and usually death
from incurrent infection. There is a
high incidence of suicide among
patients with HD.

Weber Syndrome

This syndrome is due to damage to the structures at

the base of the midbrain including the third cranial
nerve and the corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers in
the cerebral peduncle. It is characterized by complete
3rd nerve palsy and associated with contralateral
hemipelagia.
Endocrine system

Diabetes mellitus

often simply referred to as diabetes—is a

group of metabolic diseases in which a person
has high blood sugar, either because the body
does not produce enough insulin, or because
cells do not respond to the insulin that is
produced. This high blood sugar produces the
classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent
urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and
polyphagia (increased hunger).

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),

also known by the name Stein-Leventhal

syndrome, is a hormonal problem that causes
women to have a variety of symptoms. It
should be noted that most women with the
condition have a number of small cysts in the
ovaries. However, women may have cysts in
the ovaries for a number of reasons, and it is
the characteristic constellation of symptoms,
rather than the presence of the cysts
themselves, that is important in establishing
the diagnosis of PCOS.

Menopause

A gradual process that happens when

a woman's ovaries make less estrogen
and progesterone and her lifetime
supply of eggs is depleted. A woman is
considered to have reached
menopause when she hasn't
menstruated for 12 months. Natural
menopause typically occurs between
ages 41-59.

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a disease that infects the
genital track such as the vagina and
urethra. The first signs of this disease
are subtle, such as cramps and a slight
discharge, which is why most people
who have Chlamydia are not aware that
they have it. Symptoms of this
reproductive disease will increase and,
within three weeks, may become more
noticeable. The most common
symptoms of Chlamydia are painful
urination, constant discharge,
abdominal pain and painful intercourse.

Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a type of reproductive
disease that also affects the genital
track. Once a person is exposed to the
disease, symptoms typically occur within
10 days. However, it is common for a
person to not show any signs of the
disease until months after exposure. The
most common signs and symptoms of
Gonorrhea are a thick discharge that is
either cloudy or bloody, painful urination,
the urge to urinate often and pain during
intercourse.

genital herpes
an infection caused by herpes
simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is
usually transmitted by sexual
contact; marked by recurrent
attacks of painful eruptions on the
skin and mucous membranes of
the genital area