Web Technologies

Umesh H Rao

Information Systems
Copyright 2009 XIMB Bhubaneswar 1

Reference
References used for preparing this Lecture Notes

 E-commerce An Indian Perspective – P.T. Joseph

 Management Information System By Laudon
 William Stallings – Computer Data Networks
 http://www.cisco.com and Cisco CCIE books
 McAfee.com
 Networkworld.com
 Lucent.com

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 What is WWW
 The World Wide Web ("WWW" or
simply the "Web")
Web ) is a global information
medium which users can read and write
via computers connected to the Internet
 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_t
he_World_Wide_Web)
 Web Services
 Web – Static Document Repository
 E-mail, Web Downloads(FTP) – audio, videos,
etc
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Evaluation of Web

Presence Transaction Business

Publish information Process

Digital Economy
Transactions

Web Sites Transactions Business Transformation

Pages Revenues Business Processes
Eye Balls P ofits
Profits

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Business Drivers of WWW
 Enable transactions
 Allow
All interactivity
i t ti it between
b t b
browser and
d
server
 Facilitate personalization
 Support multiple browsing devices
 Better organize and retrieve Web content
 Support Business-to-Business applications

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Today’s Internet Business Solutions

 Intranets

 Extranets

 E-commerce

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What Is an Intranet?

 An internal network based on Internet and WWW

technology that delivers immediate, up-to-date
information and services to networked employees
 Platform independent
 Quick to implement
 Global reach

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Typical Intranet Applications

 Employee self-service
 Distance learning
 Technical support
 Videoconferencing

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 What Is an Extranet?

 An extension of the company

network,
t k facilitating
f ilit ti secure
collaborative connections with:
 Key customers
 Suppliers

 Partners

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Typical Extranet Applications

 Supply-chain management
 C t
Customer communications
i ti
 Distributor promotions
 Online continuing education/training
 Customer service
 Order status inquiry
 Inventory inquiry
 Account status inquiry
 Warranty registration
 Claims
 Online discussion forums
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Example: Supply Chain Management

Distributors/
Suppliers Manufacturers Wholesalers Retailers Consumers

• From my suppliers’ suppliers to my

customers’ customers
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How the Web/Internet Has Changed the Face

of Marketing

 Educating the Consumer

 Customer
C t IInitiated
iti t d IInteraction
t ti
 Increased Consumer Participation in the
Product Offering
 Cross-Channel Consciousness

 Reference: Lane J. Anderson, Founder of Prospecta, Inc..

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How Web/Internet Changed our lives
 Google
 E-bay
E b
 Instant Messenger
 Blogger
 Indian Railways – IRCTC
 Indigo
g Airlines

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Networked Multimedia Applications

Broadcast Video

Videoconferencing

Content on Demand

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 Broadcast Video

 Distance learning, surveillance,

telemedicine, TV broadcast
 High-quality video,
medium-to-high bandwidth, low
delay, unidirectional
 Vendors: Optivision, Nuko, K-Net,
One Touch

Distance Learning

Jamshedpur

XIMB-Bhubaneswar

Kolkata
Cisco

• One-to-many
• Live or stored feed
• Desktop- or room-based delivery

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Surveillance

• Many-to-one
• Security surveillance
• Highway traffic monitoring

Videoconferencing Configuration

WAN

• Two-way
• Few-to-few
Few to few
• Desktop- or room-based
• LAN (H.323) and ISDN (H.320)

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 Videoconferencing

• Video, voice, and data collaboration

• Low-to-medium bandwidth
• Bidirectional
• Desktop-based conferencing
• Room-based conferencing

Content-on-Demand

Video
Server

• Low- to medium-bandwidth
applications
• Recorded training
• Information kiosks
• Internal and external communication
• Entertainment
• Vendors: Microsoft NetShow,
RealNetworks RealVideo, VivoActive

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Webcasting/Webinar
 Special type of one-directional videoconferencing
 Content is sent from the server to users
 Process
 Content created by developer
 Downloaded as needed by the user
 Played by a plug-in to a Web browser
 No standards for webcasting yet
 Defacto standards: products by RealNetworks, Microsoft
and Apple

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Multimedia Services Standards

 Proprietary early systems

 Common standards in use today
 H.320
 Designed for room-to-room videoconferencing over high-
speed phone lines
 H.323/SIP
 Family of standards designed for desktop
videoconferencing and just simple audio conferencing over
Internet
 MPEG-2/MPEG-4
 Designed for faster connections such as LAN or privately
owned WANs

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Videoconferencing
 Provides real time transmission of video and
audio signals among two or more locations
 Allows people to meet at the same time in different
locations
 Saving money and time by not having to move people
around (conference calling does the same thing)
 Typically involves 2 special purpose rooms with
cameras and displays
 Desktop videoconferencing
 Low cost application linking small video cameras and
microphones together over the Internet
 No need for special rooms
 Example: Net Meeting sw on clients communicating
through a videoconference server
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Management Challenges
 Concern about traffic slowing down Internet
 New fiber based circuits deployment  overbuilt
 Many new broadband technologies for high speed Internet
access
 Simple to move large amount of data into most homes and
business  richer multimedia apps
 Which access technology to dominate?
 Challenge: Figure out which one
 Security
 Content filtering
 Pornography, IM, etc

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Google

Copyright © 2003 Google Inc. Used with

permission.

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How Google Search Engine Works

 Google uses automated programs called spiders
or crawlers, just like most search engines. Also
like other search engines, Google has a large
index of keywords and where those words can
be found. What sets Google apart is how it ranks
search results, which in turn determines the
order Google displays results on its search engine
results page (SERP). Google uses a trademarked
algorithm called PageRank, which assigns each
Web page a relevancy score.

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 How Google Search Engine Works
(Contnd…)
A Web page's PageRank depends on a few factors:
 The frequency
q y and location of keywords
y within the
Web page: If the keyword only appears once within the
body of a page, it will receive a low score for that keyword.
 How long the Web page has existed: People create new
Web pages every day, and not all of them stick around for
long. Google places more value on pages with an
established history.
 The number of other Web pages that link to the page
in question: Google looks at how many Web pages link to
a particular site to determine its relevance

Reference:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/google.htm

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How the Web Works

Main Web communications protocol:
Server Computer
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTP Request
Client Computer

Clicking on a hyperlink or
typing a URL into a browser
starts a request-response cycle
HTTP Response
A request-response cycle:
include multiple steps since web
pages often contain embedded
files, such as graphics, each
requiring a separate response.
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E-mail Standards
 SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
 Main ee-mail
mail standard for
 Originating user agent and the mail transfer
agent
 Between mail transfer agents
 Originally written to handle only text files
 Usually used in two-tier client-server architectures
 Post Office Protocol (POP) and Internet Mail
Access Protocol (IMAP)
 Main protocols used between the receiver user agent
and mail transfer agent
 Main difference: with IMAP, messages can be left at
the server after downloading them to the client
 Other competing standards
 Common Messaging Calls (CMC), X.400
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END OF SESSION

THANK YOU

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