Table 5.3. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Oxalic Acid 1 with 0.

1 M NaOH

ΔV1 (mL) ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2

No V1 (mL) E (mv) pH ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)

1 0.000 241.1 2.899 - - - - - - -

2 2.000 215.9 3.336 2.000 25.200 12.600 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 209.2 3.453 0.300 6.700 22.333 2.150 9.733 1.150 8.464
4 2.600 201.2 3.592 0.300 8.000 26.667 2.450 4.333 0.300 14.444
5 2.900 192.2 3.748 0.300 9.000 30.000 2.750 3.333 0.300 11.111
6 3.200 182.3 3.920 0.300 9.900 33.000 3.050 3.000 0.300 10.000
7 3.500 172.4 4.092 0.300 9.900 33.000 3.350 0.000 0.300 0.000
8 3.800 162.9 4.257 0.300 9.500 31.667 3.650 -1.333 0.300 -4.444
9 4.100 153.8 4.415 0.300 9.100 30.333 3.950 -1.333 0.300 -4.444
10 4.400 144.6 4.575 0.300 9.200 30.667 4.250 0.333 0.300 1.111
11 4.700 134.8 4.746 0.300 9.800 32.667 4.550 2.000 0.300 6.667
12 5.000 124.0 4.933 0.300 10.800 36.000 4.850 3.333 0.300 11.111
13 5.300 110.2 5.172 0.300 13.800 46.000 5.150 10.000 0.300 33.333
14 5.600 88.9 5.542 0.300 21.300 71.000 5.450 25.000 0.300 83.333
15 5.900 36.3 6.455 0.300 52.600 175.333 5.750 104.333 0.300 347.778
16 6.200 -160.9 9.863 0.300 197.200 657.333 6.050 482.000 0.300 1606.667
17 6.500 -207.5 10.667 0.300 46.600 155.333 6.350 -502.000 0.300 -1673.333
18 6.800 -228.4 11.027 0.300 20.900 69.667 6.650 -85.667 0.300 -285.556
19 7.100 -240.8 11.242 0.300 12.400 41.333 6.950 -28.333 0.300 -94.444
20 7.400 -249.4 11.390 0.300 8.600 28.667 7.250 -12.667 0.300 -42.222
 Figure 5.6. Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
300

200
E (mV)

100

-100

-200

-300
-0.3 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8
Volume NaOH (mL)
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.7. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8

Volumr NaOH (mL)

 200

100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8

Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL) Volumr NaOH (mL)

Figure 5.8. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
2000
1500
1000
Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL)
500
0
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7
Volume 2 NaOH (mL)
 Table 5.4. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Oxalic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH

ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2

No V1 (mL) E (mv) pH ΔV1 (mL) ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)
1 0.000 185.1 3.873 - - - - - - -
2 2.000 203.6 3.550 2.000 18.500 9.250 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 223.2 3.211 0.300 19.600 65.333 2.150 56.083 1.150 48.768
4 2.600 198.3 3.644 0.300 24.900 83.000 2.450 17.667 0.300 58.889
5 2.900 189.9 3.790 0.300 8.400 28.000 2.750 -55.000 0.300 -183.333
6 3.200 180.5 3.953 0.300 9.400 31.333 3.050 3.333 0.300 11.111
7 3.500 171.0 4.118 0.300 9.500 31.667 3.350 0.333 0.300 1.111
8 3.800 161.8 4.278 0.300 9.200 30.667 3.650 -1.000 0.300 -3.333
9 4.100 152.8 4.434 0.300 9.000 30.000 3.950 -0.667 0.300 -2.222
10 4.400 143.7 4.591 0.300 9.100 30.333 4.250 0.333 0.300 1.111
11 4.700 134.1 4.758 0.300 9.600 32.000 4.550 1.667 0.300 5.556
12 5.000 123.3 4.946 0.300 10.800 36.000 4.850 4.000 0.300 13.333
13 5.300 110.3 5.171 0.300 13.000 43.333 5.150 7.333 0.300 24.444
14 5.600 90.5 5.515 0.300 19.800 66.000 5.450 22.667 0.300 75.556
15 5.900 48.8 6.238 0.300 41.700 139.000 5.750 73.000 0.300 243.333
16 6.200 -87.9 8.602 0.300 136.700 455.667 6.050 316.667 0.300 1055.556
17 6.500 -191.3 10.388 0.300 103.400 344.667 6.350 -111.000 0.300 -370.000
18 6.800 -217.4 10.838 0.300 26.100 87.000 6.650 -257.667 0.300 -858.889
19 7.100 -232.8 11.104 0.300 15.400 51.333 6.950 -35.667 0.300 -118.889
 Figure 5.9. Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH

300
E (mV)

200

100

-100

-200

-300
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5
Volume NaOH (mL)
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.10. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
500
450
400
350
300
250
200 ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)
150
100
50
0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5

Volume NaOH (mL)

 150
100
50
0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5
Δ2E /ΔV 2 (m V /m L ) Volume NaOH (mL)

Figure 5.11. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Oxalic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
1500

1000

500

-500

-1000
0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7
Volume 2 NaOH (mL)
7.5

(mV/mL)
7.7
 Table 5.5. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Acetate Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH

ΔV1 (mL) ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2

No V1 (mL) E (mV) pH ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)
1 0.000 188.6 3.805 - - - - - - -
2 2.000 144.9 4.567 2.000 43.700 21.850 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 140.5 4.642 0.300 4.400 14.667 2.150 -7.183 1.150 -6.246
4 2.600 136.7 4.708 0.300 3.800 12.667 2.450 -2.000 0.300 -6.667
5 2.900 133.3 4.769 0.300 3.400 11.333 2.750 -1.333 0.300 -4.444
6 3.200 130.0 4.852 0.300 3.300 11.000 3.050 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
7 3.500 126.6 4.885 0.300 3.400 11.333 3.350 0.333 0.300 1.111
8 3.800 123.3 4.942 0.300 3.300 11.000 3.650 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
9 4.100 120.3 4.994 0.300 3.000 10.000 3.950 -1.000 0.300 -3.333
10 4.400 117.1 5.050 0.300 3.200 10.667 4.250 0.667 0.300 2.222
11 4.700 114.0 5.103 0.300 3.100 10.333 4.550 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
12 5.000 110.9 5.157 0.300 3.100 10.333 4.850 0.000 0.300 0.000
13 5.300 107.8 5.211 0.300 3.100 10.333 5.150 0.000 0.300 0.000
14 5.600 104.7 5.265 0.300 3.100 10.333 5.450 0.000 0.300 0.000
15 5.900 101.5 5.321 0.300 3.200 10.667 5.750 0.333 0.300 1.111
16 6.200 98.4 5.376 0.300 3.100 10.333 6.050 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
17 6.500 94.8 5.437 0.300 3.600 12.000 6.350 1.667 0.300 5.556
18 6.800 91.2 5.501 0.300 3.600 12.000 6.650 0.000 0.300 0.000
19 7.100 87.5 5.565 0.300 3.700 12.333 6.950 0.333 0.300 1.111
20 7.400 83.5 5.634 0.300 4.000 13.333 7.250 1.000 0.300 3.333
21 7.700 79.0 5.713 0.300 4.500 15.000 7.550 1.667 0.300 5.556
22 8.000 74.1 5,798 0.300 4.900 16.333 7.850 1.333 0.300 4.444
23 8.300 68.4 5,897 0.300 5.700 19.000 8.150 2.667 0.300 8.889
24 8.600 61.8 6.013 0.300 6.600 22.000 8.450 3.000 0.300 10.000
25 8.900 53.6 6.154 0.300 8.200 27.333 8.750 5.333 0.300 17.778
 26 9.200 42.8 6.341 0.300 10.800 36.000 9.050 8.667 0.300 28.889
27 9.500 27.1 6,615 0.300 15.700 52.333 9.350 16.333 0.300 54.444
28 9.800 -6.9 7.205 0.300 34.000 113.333 9.650 61.000 0.300 203.333
29 10.100 -159.4 9.842 0.300 152.500 508.333 9.950 395.000 0.300 1316.667
30 10.400 -205.1 10.631 0.300 45.700 152.333 10.250 -356.000 0.300 -1186.667
31 10.700 -226.6 11.003 0.300 21.500 71.667 10.550 -80.667 0.300 -268.889
32 11.000 -239.6 11.228 0.300 13.000 43.333 10.850 -28.333 0.300 -94.444
33 11.300 -248.6 11.383 0.300 9.000 30.000 11.150 -13.333 0.300 -44.444
34 11.600 -255.3 11.498 0.300 6.700 22.333 11.450 -7.667 0.300 -25.556
35 11.900 -260.7 11.592 0.300 5.400 18.000 11.750 -4.333 0.300 -14.444
36 12.200 -265.0 11.666 0.300 4.300 14.333 12.050 -3.667 0.300 -12.222

Figure 5.12. Potentiometric Titration curve of Acetate Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
300
E (mV)

200

100

-100

-200

-300
-0.7 0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6

Volume NaOH (mL)

ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.13. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration curve of Acetate Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
600

500

400

300 ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

200

100

0
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
Volume NaOH (mL)

Figure 5.14. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration curve of Acetate Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
1500

1000

500

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

-500

-1000

-1500
Volume NaOH (mL)
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

-500

-1000

-1500
Volume NaOH (mL)
(mV/mL)

12.6
 Table 5.6. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Acetate Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH

ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2

No V1 (mL) E (mV) pH ΔV2 (mL) ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)
1 0.000 188.1 3.816 - - - - - - -
2 2.000 145.1 4.565 2.000 43.000 21.500 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 140.9 4.636 0.300 4.200 14.000 2.150 -7.500 1.150 -6.522
4 2.600 137.1 4.703 0.300 3.800 12.667 2.450 -1.333 0.300 -4.444
5 2.900 133.5 4.765 0.300 3.600 12.000 2.750 -0.667 0.300 -2.222
6 3.200 129.9 4.827 0.300 3.600 12.000 3.050 0.000 0.300 0.000
7 3.500 126.8 4.882 0.300 3.100 10.333 3.350 -1.667 0.300 -5.556
8 3.800 123.5 4.939 0.300 3.300 11.000 3.650 0.667 0.300 2.222
9 4.100 120.4 4.993 0.300 3.100 10.333 3.950 -0.667 0.300 -2.222
10 4.400 117.3 5.047 0.300 3.100 10.333 4.250 0.000 0.300 0.000
11 4.700 114.3 5.100 0.300 3.000 10.000 4.550 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
12 5.000 111.3 5.152 0.300 3.000 10.000 4.850 0.000 0.300 0.000
13 5.300 108.3 5.204 0.300 3.000 10.000 5.150 0.000 0.300 0.000
14 5.600 105.1 5.259 0.300 3.200 10.667 5.450 0.667 0.300 2.222
15 5.900 101.9 5.315 0.300 3.200 10.667 5.750 0.000 0.300 0.000
16 6.200 98.6 5.373 0.300 3.300 11.000 6.050 0.333 0.300 1.111
17 6.500 95.4 5.428 0.300 3.200 10.667 6.350 -0.333 0.300 -1.111
18 6.800 91.8 5.491 0.300 3.600 12.000 6.650 1.333 0.300 4.444
19 7.100 88.0 5.557 0.300 3.800 12.667 6.950 0.667 0.300 2.222
20 7.400 84.1 5.625 0.300 3.900 13.000 7.250 0.333 0.300 1.111
21 7.700 79.4 5.705 0.300 4.700 15.667 7.550 2.667 0.300 8.889
22 8.000 74.6 5.790 0.300 4.800 16.000 7.850 0.333 0.300 1.111
23 8.300 69.1 5.886 0.300 5.500 18.333 8.150 2.333 0.300 7.778
24 8.600 62.5 5.999 0.300 6.600 22.000 8.450 3.667 0.300 12.222
25 8.900 54.9 6.132 0.300 7.600 25.333 8.750 3.333 0.300 11.111
 26 9.200 44.3 6.317 0.300 10.600 35.333 9.050 10.000 0.300 33.333
27 9.500 28.4 6.593 0.300 15.900 53.000 9.350 17.667 0.300 58.889
28 9.800 -7.1 7.208 0.300 35.500 118.333 9.650 65.333 0.300 217.778
29 10.100 -167.0 9.972 0.300 159.900 533.000 9.950 414.667 0.300 1382.222
30 10.400 -209.7 10.708 0.300 42.700 142.333 10.250 -390.667 0.300 -1302.222
31 10.700 -229.6 11.053 0.300 19.900 66.333 10.550 -76.000 0.300 -253.333
32 11.000 -241.8 11.263 0.300 12.200 40.667 10.850 -25.667 0.300 -85.556
33 11.300 -250.1 11.407 0.300 8.300 27.667 11.150 -13.000 0.300 -43.333
34 11.600 -256.6 11.518 0.300 6.500 21.667 11.450 -6.000 0.300 -20.000
35 11.900 -261.5 11.603 0.300 4.900 16.333 11.750 -5.333 0.300 -17.778
36 12.200 -265.7 11.576 0.300 4.200 14.000 12.050 -2.333 0.300 -7.778

Figure 5.15. Potentiometric Titration Curve of Acetate Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
300
E (mV)

200

100

0 E (mV)
-100

-200

-300
.3 .0 .3 .6 .9 .2 .5 .8 .1 .4 .7 .0 .3 .6 .9 .2 .5 .8 .1 .4 .7 .0 .3 .6 .9 .2 .5 .8 .1 .4 .7 .0 .3 .6 .9 .2 .5 .8 .1 .4 .7 .0 .3 .6
-0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12
Volume NaOH (mL)
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.16. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Acetate Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
600

500

400
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)
300

200

100

0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0
Volume NaOH (mL)
Δ 2E /ΔV 2 (m V /m L )

Figure 5.17. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Acetate Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
2000

1500

1000
Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL)
500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Volume 2 NaOH (mL)
 500

-500

-1000

-1500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Volume 2 NaOH (mL)
 Table 5.7. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Benzoic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH

ΔV1 (mL) ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2

No V1 (mL) E (mv) pH ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)

1 0.000 190.1 3.782 - - - - - - -

2 2.000 143.0 4.601 2.000 47.100 23.550 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 136.6 4.712 0.300 6.400 21.333 2.150 -2.217 1.150 -1.928
4 2.600 130.1 4.825 0.300 6.500 21.667 2.450 0.333 0.300 1.111
5 2.900 123.3 4.943 0.300 6.800 22.667 2.750 1.000 0.300 3.333
6 3.200 115.6 5.077 0.300 7.700 25.667 3.050 3.000 0.300 10.000
7 3.500 106.4 5.237 0.300 9.200 30.667 3.350 5.000 0.300 16.667
8 3.800 94.9 5.438 0.300 11.500 38.333 3.650 7.667 0.300 25.556
9 4.100 78.1 5.730 0.300 16.800 56.000 3.950 17.667 0.300 58.889
10 4.400 44.5 6.313 0.300 33.600 112.000 4.250 56.000 0.300 186.667
11 4.700 -103.1 8.866 0.300 147.600 492.000 4.550 380.000 0.300 1266.667
12 5.000 -200.3 10.545 0.300 97.200 324.000 4.850 -168.000 0.300 -560.000
13 5.300 -225.5 10.980 0.300 25.200 84.000 5.150 -240.000 0.300 -800.000
14 5.600 -239.8 11.228 0.300 14.300 47.667 5.450 -36.333 0.300 -121.111
15 5.900 -249.9 11.402 0.300 10.100 33.667 5.750 -14.000 0.300 -46.667
 Figure 5.18. Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
300
E (mV)

200

100

-100

-200

-300
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3
Volume NaOH (mL)
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.19. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3

Volume NaOH (mL)

 100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3
Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL) Volume NaOH (mL)

Figure 5.20. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 1 with 0.1 M NaOH
1500

1000

500

-500

-1000
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5

Volume 2 NaOH (mL)

 Table 5.8. Observation Data Potentiometric Titration Weak Acid of Benzoic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
ΔV1 (mL) ΔE/ΔV Δ(ΔE/ΔV) Δ2E/ΔV2
No V1 (mL) E (mV) pH ΔE1 (mV) V2 (mL) ΔV2 (mL)
(mV/mL) (mV/mL) (mV/mL)
1 0.000 190.3 3.779 - - - - - - -
2 2.000 143.2 4.597 2.000 47.100 23.550 1.000 - - -
3 2.300 136.9 4.708 0.300 6.300 21.000 2.150 -2.550 1.150 -2.217
4 2.600 130.3 4.821 0.300 6.600 22.000 2.450 1.000 0.300 3.333
5 2.900 123.3 4.943 0.300 7.000 23.333 2.750 1.333 0.300 4.444
6 3.200 115.6 5.078 0.300 7.700 25.667 3.050 2.333 0.300 7.778
7 3.500 106.4 5.238 0.300 9.200 30.667 3.350 5.000 0.300 16.667
8 3.800 94.6 5.442 0.300 11.800 39.333 3.650 8.667 0.300 28.889
9 4.100 77.9 5.733 0.300 16.700 55.667 3.950 16.333 0.300 54.444
10 4.400 44.3 6.316 0.300 33.600 112.000 4.250 56.333 0.300 187.778
11 4.700 -101.9 8.846 0.300 146.200 487.333 4.550 375.333 0.300 1251.111
12 5.000 -200.6 10.551 0.300 98.700 329.000 4.850 -158.333 0.300 -527.778
13 5.300 -225.8 10.986 0.300 25.200 84.000 5.150 -245.000 0.300 -816.667
14 5.600 -240.7 11.243 0.300 14.900 49.667 5.450 -34.333 0.300 -114.444
15 5.900 -250.6 11.414 0.300 9.900 33.000 5.750 -16.667 0.300 -55.556
16 6.200 -257.5 11.533 0.300 6.900 23.000 6.050 -10.000 0.300 -33.333
17 6.500 -263.2 11.632 0.300 5.700 19.000 6.350 -4.000 0.300 -13.333
18 6.800 -267.6 11.708 0.300 4.400 14.667 6.650 -4.333 0.300 -14.444
19 7.100 -271.4 11.772 0.300 3.800 12.667 6.950 -2.000 0.300 -6.667
20 7.400 -275.2 11.839 0.300 3.800 12.667 7.250 0.000 0.300 0.000
 Figure 5.21. Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
300
E (mV)

200

100

0
E (mV)
-100

-200

-300
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8
Volumd NaOH (mL)
ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

Figure 5.22. First Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
600

500

400

300 ΔE/ΔV (mV/mL)

200

100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8

Volume NaOH (mL)

 200

100

0
0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.8

Volume NaOH (mL)

Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL)

Figure 5.23. Second Derrivative Potentiometric Titration Curve of Benzoic Acid 2 with 0.1 M NaOH
1500

1000
Δ2E/ΔV2 (mV/mL)
500

-500

-1000
0.0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7.0 7.7
Volume 2 NaOH