‫ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ
‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺎﺭ‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫) ﺗﺮﺩﺩﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ‪ (20KHz‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻟﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺰ ) ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻚ ‪ .(...‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ λ = V.T‬ﺃﻱ ‪λ .f = V‬‬ ‫‪ (2‬ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ d‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪λ = 75 mm‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪ :‬ﺕ‪.‬ﻉ‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ) 2d‬ﺫﻫﺎﺏ ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺏ ( ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ V‬ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻧﺎﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪ ∆t =0,1s‬و

 ا ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮﻉ ‪(.‬‬
‫‪ 2d = V . ∆t,‬و ‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ‬
‫‪d = 75m‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻜﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺪ ‪ ) ∆t =0,1s‬هب وإب ا (‪.‬‬
‫‪www.ibnalkhatib2.canlblog.com‬‬ ‫" ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫*‪$%‬ع ا‪+‬ر ا)ت '" ا
&‪V = 1500m.s $‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺓ ‪: ∆t‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻮﺍﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ d – X‬ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪Vc:‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪d + X :‬‬
‫‪d – X = Vc. ∆ t‬‬
‫* ‪$.‬دد ا)ت ا‪f = 20KHz : ,‬‬
‫
‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻮﺍﻁ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻴﺮ ﻭﻃﻮﺍﻁ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ . Vc = 8 ms-1:‬ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ Vs‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ . d = 30m‬ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫‪ . ∆t‬ه" ا' ‪ X‬ا" ‪ 1‬ا‪0‬اط 
‪,‬‬
‫‪d +X = Vs . ∆t‬‬ ‫ا‪
4%‬ل ا ا‪2‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬