SINGAPORE RED CROSS

RED CROSS YOUTH

STANDARD FIRST AID

SYLLABUS
SESSION THEORY PRACTICAL

1 a. Introduction to first aid • Primary survey

b. Basic anatomy and physiology of main body systems
c. Emergency action principles • Secondary survey
• Survey the scene
• Do a primary survey • Recovery position
• Call for emergency services
• Do a secondary survey and appropriate emergency first aid • Use of triangular bandage -
d. First Aid Kit introduction to bandaging, folding,
storing, tying, and uses (as slings,
splint, ring pad and pressure pad)

2 a. Respiratory system • Heimlich manoeuvre (abdominal

b. Disorders of breathing - the important ones thrust) for choking casualty
• Choking
• Drowning • Rescue breathing for non
• Asthmatic attack breathing casualty
• Hypoxia from inhalation of fumes, carbon monoxide poisoning,
lung disease
• Hyperventilation
c. Heimlich manoeuvre (abdominal thrust) for choking casualty -
conscious and unconscious; chest thrust for the obese or pregnant
casualty
d. Rescue breathing for non breathing casualty

3 a. Circulatory system • CPR technique for one-man first

b. Disorder of circulation - the important ones aider
• Shock from blood and fluid loss
• Anaphylactic shock • Shock from blood and fluid loss -
• Heart attack first aid treatment
c. CPR
d. Wound - types, first aid • Arrest of bleeding - direct and
indirect pressure (subclavian and
e. Bleeding - types, control of bleeding (direct pressure and indirect
pressure), pressure points (subclavian, brachial and femoral), first brachial pressure points for upper
aid limb and femoral pressure point for
lower limb)
f. Preservation of amputated body part
g. Foreign bodies in
• Bandaging of wounds - various
• finger - fish hook parts of body, cut in the palm
• eyes - splinter
• nose and ear - insect and beads • Use of bandage as pressure pad,
• digestive tract- swallowed fish bone and coin ring pad and slings for wounds and
• respiratory tract - inhaled object or food bleeding
h. Bandage as pressure pad, ring pad and slings for wounds and
bleeding

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SESSION THEORY PRACTICAL

4 a. The nervous system • First aid to scalp and face wounds

b. Disorders of conscious - the important ones • First aid to chest injury

• Faint • First aid to abdomen injury

• Fit (convulsion, epilepsy, fits)
• Hupoglycaemic coma in diabetic patient (low blood sugar)
• Stroke
• Head injury
• drunkenness - there may be head injury as well

c. Head injury - first aid

d. Face injury

e. Chest injury and abdomen

injury - first aid

5 a. Bones, Joints and Muscles • Use of triangular bandages, ring

pads and slings for fractures]
b. Disorders of musculo-skeletal system
• Fractures • Fractures in specific sites -
• Dislocations immobilisation
• Sprains and strains 1. Jaw
• Cramps 2. Neck (beware of injuring spinal
cord)
c. Open fractures – general principles of first aid 3. Upper limb, collar bone and
shoulder
4. Rib cage
d. Closed fractures and dislocations - general principles
5. Pelvis, lower limb and ankle
6. Spine
e. Complicated fracture - open or closed

f. Sprains - first aid - RICE therapy

g. Cramps - first aid

h. Fractures in specific sites - immobilisation techniques

• Jaw
• Neck (beware of injuring spinal cord)
• Upper limb, collar bone and shoulder
• Rib cage
• Pelvis, lower limb and ankle
• Spine (beware of injuring spinal cord)

6 a. The skin • Lift, carry and move casualty

1. Principles of lifting and carrying
b. Burns (superficial, partial-thickness and full-thickness), scalds and 2. Emergency move - drag
blisters - first aid method, drag and carry method
3. One first aider casualty moves -
c. Heat exhaustion and heat stroke - prevention and first aid human clutch, pick-a-back,
fireman lift and cradle
d. Fever - first aid 4. Two first aider casualty moves -
fore-and-aft carry
e. Cold related injury (wheelbarrow), 2-handed seat
carry, 4-handed seat carry,
chair carry
f. Bites
5. Spine injury lift and carry -
Hammock carry (3-6 persons),
g. Poisoning (swallowed poison, drug overdose, inhaled poisoning,
stretcher carry
plant and chemical contact)

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SESSION THEORY &. PRACTICAL

6 h. Lift, carry and move casualty • Revision - first aid for wounds and
(cont’d) • Principles of lifting and carrying bleeding
• emergency move - drag method, drag and carry method
• one first aider casualty move - human clutch, pick-a-back, • Revision - first aid for sprains,
fireman lift and cradle method dislocations and fractures
• Two first aider casualty move - fore-and-aft carry
(wheelbarrow), 2-handed seat carry, 3-handed seat
carry, 4-handed seat carry, chair carry
• Neck and spine injury - lift and carry methods - Hammock
carry (3 persons), stretcher carry (beware of damaging the
spinal cord)

7 Theory Revision
• any question or doubt to clarify
• MCQs - past question papers
Practical test revision
• Unconscious casualty
„ required to do a casualty survey and give appropiate emergency first aid
„ Heimlich manoeuvre or CPR followed by secondary survey and recovery position
• Conscious casualty
„ required to treat a bleeding wound and immobilise 1 fracture
„ Bleeding wound - direct and indirect bleeding control; pressure point to choose from:
a. subclavian
b. brachial or femoral
c. dressing the wound
i. primary dressing
ii. secondary dressing
iii. support
„ Fracture or dislocation - Possibilities to choose from:
a. shoulder dislocation
b. ankle sprain
c. upper limb or collar bone fracture
d. pelvis or lower limb fracture
e. suspected neck or spine fracture

8 EXAMINATION

• Theory test - 30 MCQs

• Practical test - Two scenario - 10 min each
• Unconscious casualty
required to do a casualty survey and give appropriate emergency first aid - recovery position, Heimlich
manoeuvre or CPR
• Conscious casualty
required to treat a bleeding wound and immobilise 1 fracture.
Bleeding wound - direct and indirect bleeding control, pressure points to choose from:
1. subclavian
2. brachial,
3. femoral
Dressing the wound:
1. primary dressing
2. bandaging
3. support
Fracture or dislocation - possibilities to choose from:
1. shoulder dislocation
2. ankle sprain
3. upper limb or collar bone fracture
4. pelvis or lower limb fracture
5. suspected neck or spine fracture
Suggestion: Practical test be conducted after the written test so that candidates have something to do while
waiting for the second part of the test.

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