CHAPTERONE

M 1- ....,. 1 A . ..-d:.': F

ecnamcar ni;uOn .'. "uzes

C!T:...t' Jj,p' T' 11:1'17 "7'"T-t "0' .. . : .~.~ ].Dn J!........ .

In, di Ma t lal d CD'" .; cal Ini ti' tin" D':'" ..

CIi;ioD· ......• ary"." '. .._-.;. ·,e·n··· -: ·S~· an···1 •..• ···e,T"i"i"ll<' ...• • " •. a,'- ••. ··.g~ .. ·.ev1C~S,

~ _ "." . . . ... __ .. _ . _. . £-~u. . _ _ _. .. . __ . . '.' _ ~ _

CHAPTER THREE

ElacU-ical Action Fuzes 'Ii! •• !I't.. ~4i. ill!!" i@l1i!!'t ~I@I ~~ "!@I'li ~ ~ !!!,~~ ~ ~'.'~ ~. ~ ill iii .. "'.'4 i@II" •••• ~. ~,. iii ... '~" ~ ... '~ ~'. ~ "'11@l iI''!I ~ ill iI!I'~ I@I~ ~ i@"Z:S

CHAPTER·': ,.-.:,' PO'" .'''[JR'' .. :

'. - .' - ' . . ",", .,

C"-l ~1_, - 'd'Ti"- .- n-' . -II ...

O~ an,,~ umer ' evices

.'.'4 iii'. 4 ~ •.• ~ •.• ~,." •.• ~ .... ~ .. ~ .... ~ ...... Ii ....• ' .... !Ii ...... "II "~,.,,, ~, ..... ~ .. ~ .. ~ iii Ii. iii •.• Ii .... iii .......• ,~. ~ 1IIi5·5

CHAPTER' FIVE'

Improvised Explosives -II ~ •• -II ~ .". I< .'. -II ... '-11 ~ .'1<. ~ 1<.".'. -II!U I< .,"" •• '".~;. .';. ~ '" '" .'-11. ~ .' .... '" .' •• ," I< .'.".-11 ~-II" iO'. -II ~ •• ~ .. ~ •• 6:3

MECHA N Ie At A,C'TlOM PUZ:ts "

.. v"" - kn- A'" - .... ·tain amount - f h - t -. ""' L. i' -r; .• 'd t· "d .. ··

..... .... ' ... '-U . :..:._. V. 1Ii'- .... II!!: "'-'.' _. . , .. '_. ~ 0 :. e8~' or 8l~ 0 C~ II, r'eq u J.. roe '. 0 ,HiIIv,e

u'j)lolllvea bu m or. det,oM te Ii 'Bo~be ra lU[l:e' "'8.1'1 cue .eehu1 eel d evte ea to; 'pflQdu ee this h.,e t or ~'h 0 ek .. no r1 n8 thi II!!J C 1.8 ~a ~ Ye' It re g'O'illB tQ' 8nlll yte .,OM !IS evi e e'. req 'Il1 ri'Dg a mecban i.-cal • e t 10'D (' & J '.

:2 .' Deft 11,:1 t10iJl B ~

,

b.. ..oNullc .. l fli_ trPI.=

'1 ) •• Jiu.l ... .lq- •• c'he..D 1_ tha t "qUoi r.e. -pb,.:l,eal .c t1,on = :£ .• e" ,

P" ... ~.'... 'pull. ot" pn •• \1:N "1,.... to' .ctvatl ... • .. vic."

-""'_&

- ..

_- "!!i!

('2-) ..... trie - .& 'MIllO" 01' ballooa _,..,," 'whicb rill .zptd. or cODtnct: oa .ltltu,d,. (.lr '"_.\1IN) or pr •• ftr'W eM~I •• : o,..n_ or 0108,lq .lee tPi cal C'OI!'h.ctl.

(, ) ,bd ro. _ t:1 e - 1 'be 1,1.ow. or .1100.11 .,.. te-Ii y'b:i eh, vi 11 • qMI,Dd 0; 1" coatn.e" O'D d.pt'h ( ft t.r pH.,un) O'J' J;i,,,eeilil':j,I tt ,c'hIlDle:. Opea.1,111 'Or. elo.'1:DI .1:eetrte.l cOb,taot."

(-4 ) Thermal - All'!! be. 'ct, :!<'f'n:.l t i "e' devi ce t 'he t "i 1 ,1 0 pi!'t, ~ r e 1 cO,S"! .eI tlVi tcb ,whee, the 'p1"oJ:).er UlOUD,t 01 he,at Cl" eold: is ap!,11,ed ..

=S:L.

_ _ _ "_ZE?

('5 ! Ms tr9 ri.l fa tl rue ... ,Any •• te'l"i,(!j 1 , 'I;1sed as a d e' 1 ay I: "t ha t .i 11 d.e ter1,~ i break ~ c,!" wokeD B'nd. C.'UJ!!l'i!' Ii! eire u i t to 'be e Ofnplet.d+

(1) MoUN tn.p,. (Pre. 111". ".iflll •• e or Po 11) he wi Fe 1. eou~e ted to tbe bal. cf' 'the DO~" 'tnp ,.114 the o'll.r to th. .,0IOd_ 'bae. of'tu tn".

ET

. 'J:W!j iiA!: _

~ - =3'"

.( b 1 ~ou.. tr., lid, tc'b U," a180 'be u.ed .:fI,. A J'i!'rQ:Ii;,t •• 1 (n~, me u.iDe t,Q • trik.r u :I f'1:fii Ilf,' plD e'~d, a ,,""e.'t,~ t,he'11 .!. e' d.'toutor,,"

Th 1! 15.'1'1 ee i a iIi:(lI~, t,1.1 ne d .in e!l I, i r;:aat 1 !'nve 1,.0 p. ii' The tl t' i ~S ~evi,e:. '!l8em\':ly ie c',o,m,'I"i!hI!C .of ,Ii! mia'e,tri~,e:! 'ttr"Ii.!I! ho'usi,tiI,B in, Yhl'c'~ i:e, placed '. ,8'te-" 1 sp,ti:t!:l.. .fi I'"'l,ne pi~. ~r1m,e':, i:1i,P" an,c:! pf"i,mer bY!],,, Tbi'$ .Q,:! $~b 1y" W')L,i, e h i;s' ,S! e t'tl,A t'~·d ~ II ,'r'€!'!,! IJ 1" e 'N'l,,,.. 1 "',e r' 'h1c,ed lI't, ,ODe ;ff.! d' of the h 008,1 n, 0.1 1I:!i~ an e tI f Ii, .. 'ttl ,1 pi:D t 1,. moue, ted in t,e:nd.. ,,:i th '. ~ lA,f! t!ll e a p.. 'ft. e' Ii 8:8Mfc.1:r i. .~,t:L VII ted vhe'c t'!1e 1 et t. 1" i,1I ~p~t!:",d • t '11 ere 'by al.lorias th. level" te,. !''If 1 e.'Be t:hoe fl ,,1 til JI.:i II t I) hi. t t"h,e 'P'!" .i.m!! 'r c,. p .:hi eh t. d r1 ve'~ ,l!lt8.ilitl't ,t!:i e aDvi 1. ca u!! i D g ~ n, ash t 0 e'~ t ~ r the bl •• ti'q c" P :lM, ¢" t,o~. t 1'~B' 'the _1e e J: f! 1 0" i Ve .t; 'fJ,B t' ge ·

(3) PTe,leu.re ~.

(.:) '''MY - tell bo::r fuze.

'rh1a,h:le ia co:ostr\u= t..-d '" .ean n,· cr~e b,re' w1. re 1 iI!II tlt·f ... a 11:1 back M.d r'Of'th through the lou'r (a lid 111S.1 .,.,e t1'OD. or • ,....,. .. t·cb ·boz.. n. crt.ber CCiCI ta·et .1:r.· 18 ..-rapped lout tud iu llJ' iI.round til e· to, piO"t.1 &D ,("t the DIi·t eh 'box. A PI"' •• \I]I". ( 1 't,o. :2 :pou~a.l. ) .",1:1ed to' the· .. t,ch bo.z: coa:pl.et.e the .1ft tr:lc·.l 01 r"eut,t .ad f'1"8 tbe ,erplo.l,.,. ,clia!'p~

!hi.. 1. •. .1.,'le .J.H trieal , U" m. e.oruttf\lc ted of

but • trtpa of • tu ou" un + OIl tb. upp .. r ''P{1,'1ICt'8

of tiD e.... 1 t to b •. Dd. ·aD. ..Jr. ·COIl tac', Wi ttl th. low.r pi,.c. tbu co.,1.t1q ·the tin:q: o't l"'C'tlS t ~

(C" Tb eM 11.4.,.

Th 1,8 fuze i·. '1Ud: e troll two ce 11 d:8 ~ The 1 i d II ha ve hoI e-s puaChH tbrou£h t'bem aDd • wi" .,oldi!~e"d t.e; tuu:h ltd r'o~ lDI • ,ari tc'h ~ Whee t.ll 1a r-~I. i!!l u:e. e~., 8. ~ i e e e· (; f ,.per i. pl.e .. dl het.".n t·he h'o lids to' ae t 8:9 M i n.u1. to r··. WheD prea!lu re i;!l • pp11 e!!, th~ !ih. r r • (! gel, ·0 f ·t·!te, boles C"ut t'hro'uK'h the p8'P"r ib,"U 18 tor ·and metal to '"tal eon Q.ct is made detoft8tin, tht' eolo~f v~ ·ehergeo ..

(4 , C l.otbee,:pl'n "8wi. t cb ( p1.l111 teDs.1 OD re 1 ea!l!!lle) ~ Ttl 1.1! If"i t ~t!i e 011-

.i.'b., 0.,'1. • c,l 0 t'lle. pin ~ two - t _1 eon tea e t e 'Ii inftu 1 .. t,o t' ~ ,and 8 trip .. ire. Ai. pull. O~ the trip w1.'Te rill di.l0,dSft 'tbe 111111.3. .... lator' tf'a. be'tw'!i!ltm t,M jan crr the clothespin "nd ·the, !!:pr1:o,g actiOJl Df 'the cloth •• piD fo't·e.a the twc. metal c'orrtactil! t,o .... , s. the .. ' caplet 1 nB t,he .l.ee:tri cal.. eire.! t ..

(.), !!da, t". of .1rl,teh 1. aonal,l,. nploy" 111 U .l.'etrical o1"II1t.

a.....llIII t' 'c, "", -- lii_ 1:a _ d'__"JIll!!o,III; t· -_ ... : b 'Ilea ·o'~ :-, •• , IoYa or..

~.' .... ill -_ ,_ _ _ ,_ , , ,_."' .. _ U~ , - , "-_..,.a, 1!! _ '.

2i Jaa. '?O.. C..io ' •• 1;· .. ·1 tool boz witll "_O"ilb-1.

,t"'~ !be lUll .. i·pre .,_!ted to .,.raJ' '.. .. •• 1rPM te

taDctia Yhu lb. po'lie. orr1-eer AllOYed the 1,N.J to tDa,.et eo.p.oaeatl of 'bo~.

Thi. pull (u's. CltrDai.t.· of two piee.a ,ot 1~nl.t:ed ri.re, wbo.e end. 'haN .t.. __ ,tnpped G:t· the i_tal.tioD ·I;M t,,1't~ l~to 100..,.·.. !:be s·t,rt.:ip t ~ rot 101:1 0 r ,e.cb ',;1 N ill ,tl\U; 'pA:ll!lae d th ru t.be - 100 pI'd po rt10n crt - til,. oth. r-. tD tM a'l:.1d,.· ~ the ,.,'h i te vi. reo hal, bM11 .,.0-1 id 1,. 'ra,s te-Md to t,}!J,e b 1 oelt:., A l"'U 'h beT' ba.nd pre .... Vrtn t8 t,he ''0. re 1 C 0.,. t 1"0;. COlli "t,a e t 1. Do« one. M'O! her", A nYQtlI e pu 111 III OD t h,e It riD, vcu ld oye re 0.-'.. the' re s i at e.n e @ (I·e t,~ e '!"Ub''btr, ,.~~ .• 'n:! :c'.use t.he tvo t.ap'iI!i: vi". l.oc~ to eeat ae t . C ;)(bpl.t 11'1£' t.'h.· ,.1 ee t T.'ieal C i feu! tend d,e to na 't1 c" t hoe boz b·,

( !!!Ii ) TreImbl'II!" .ad, rt la ... t 0'17 an teh.. are RC tua'ted br m,ove.ell: t 0,1" vi,'bN't1on.. Ueed... pr1'lu!II,J'f 'D'r' .u111a!"J f1'I"1..ns 1Il8O~,". Moa:t hu.,l"4ou. to a bo,tI!Ib, d 1 .. ,0 •• 1 pe;rBOD,. b",ic.. ding theBe n1 tebea uh811:f hc'crpo:rete an .rat'. d..:la7 to 4110w :".'1'. e.pa:rtrt1cm tor the perscHl Mi,pl.c1ns the deY1ce ..

ft.1., 'n bra to" tu". 1. conllt,l'U'cted f'ros .. .,:leee Qf 1 ea r • priDe or a 81am clock,. Th., 1"1 P t ,.rJId .0 r the' '. p~S 'baa bMtl ,1.U!ed, to • boa,.... ft. l.ett •• d 0" the epnD" ba. I. -l&l t .. t"eW 'to Den... • .. :l"tt.l ',It hi) :a.ai,l,. PH bHB .'Pl... in '6 Die 'bo.I,rd Oll .1 th.:r Itde of th.' •• 1cbW ,_" _ .1 .. "11.0.1 eoa,yct ..... n. ..cu:red to th. _11 •• · ..., ~t of' 'th.l.8 hi. 1. • ho,11.lo tal 'pla,. would hue t:l,O'C :I. t ~

(' c ) w.ta 1 'be 1,1 awl tc'h. Th., •• ,t.l 'ba 11 8,W1. teb 1- c'o-na t'NC ted to two ,lIii' aha,., piece. of ce)pel" '.i re" • zee ta 1. b.ll._, a;Bd ,I, baa.,. ft::l8.vi tcb n 11 eloae UL 'e-l e e t i" i II: e i t'e ui t wnn 1. t ,. ''tl".. iD u;r dine'le,.

('1) '11 t ..

(.} Ple'r;!U_"" -Vi tch (tt it).. Cone:i sta ot I: 811.~!!1 e!lve l¢p~' vi th

1 .alc proof e~d e ~ 1',1 ,1'1 a !!' me ta 1 'e 1 e-c, t, rod e!, tu ! i!'d, t-o :i t s

".,111, I ,lad ill, po., 1 or .,..~e'U IT'.. Yhen t'he .'w:1 t c l'I, 18 til ted 'I' the D!I,e rcu ry flo.. over II,Dd a 'rou:n.~ th~' 'f 1 ~'C t rod.~;:!!1 a:fld eon,tact 1. ode ,~cral"letill,' an 1I!'1f'e t:rit!al t.:i'roeuit.. An arm. D£ 4.1." {¢ loct 01" t 1M T } '].:8 ~ 3'u.lly eJt'p l.'C'Y@,:: i ~ 'th e e:1 T'eu:1 t .. Svi. t el'ie. 'u," b e r'o,~,'d in ]>I: i " 'I 'Ii red itL tta Tfl,1.., 1.1 :.e 't,hat the "!levi ee may tunc't.loD b,,' e i thi!:r t'i 1 t i,n~ 'Orroi.llq ..

!hiB, ·ru~. t. c0ft.8tnc't-ed tro:a: 8, !tmall 1':111 bottl e , e. C CD tact nn 8 _d e of bnle .,1P.d.. .'c'r.eD,t - all,t! a pendu 1 tJ.EI baDf;er wh1c'h ,. •• 88 throuKh 'the 'pl. fIi t1 e ~. JI of the 'bo t.t:l.~ T1ltiDI' th1. h,,, Q.uae8 'the, l'J~114ulU,tli to 8'Wi.U! atl,ld ,tc,uClh ·t'h. ccn:rtaet riq ,coQl.ti·D:C an .lee t?(t cal eo1 :rc\li,l t ..

. (Ie ') :&'J.l n1. tell ('oor Dob •• "1,.).. ftl,t; t. en ce' eone1.,t., of

. • .... '1 ............ .' '. _;,A, • 'ball bee'~ 1'11*, , .. """.;I, t,,- "'liIIi' 1:. iii

.... ~ ""'I!!II;..... _~ .. I _., ,;II~"'_,. a-JiW! ","y ~-, ,P

alTUl", ....... 1M nr.V pb !., rithd'nD wheD the nit_ b l __ lW. Y •• 0. t;,1,r_ i. rotated IlUf'ti-

o:L- tb t 1:1Pt '" 'N'lh til. '~ la'to C1)ZI;'AC't 1f1 tll, the _11 ud -fl,."" ... l.ctrle clredt.

'h.. 1:hi. 't\tl- t tw,o ,.,l,uml~ a i Ilea baTe bee~ h em!' red :in t,o, .hall" d1 ...... ' '!! 'W'1 ret • '" • '"taebd, to each d: 1.~ ~ AD

- -

1 Dft,l. "1q 'r1q of -.td,_'rll l' n' b •• I 0'1" pl." t 1,~ 1~ <=~ t .. .'1'11_ to oDe • tal,. :lab.. 1 a teel ba 1'1 bearl,DI 1., th.rl, ,,1.,c," in t'J1~ -4:1,11: .qd tl.. twe, 'II i.h.,., .. r'II' 11 ued tOletbr" ' ''lb. tit. fU •• , '1. til ttld j th. 'ba 11 1>I-!"in!, co_ 1:0 "a:abc t wi. t'h tlul m' .1'1.811.. ilrnd aD e 1,.e t'ti. cel ci~it '1. c,_,letl4 ...

c. H7dro.ta t,10 h... Th1e d.ric. 1- Md iI!I! rr,~ III O,UL wi t,h, an :1 nne 'f," tu'. '01' aJl7" ''V'" of :rubb,",. !he' tub. ii, etJ'atehed .crOBS the- top or tbe call.. . n. ,ccm:tact; 1il 'pDB.! t ioned WId ,air' 'tbe tu he.. 'The e 1'8 c:I. ng ,.WI·" the coD'tl,e t8 •• ,.rmt,.. t}J.e d e)'th at wh ich tbe eha l"",ge -111 d.'out,.~ Aa the ca d: .. 'e.Dde 1D depth" the ' •• 't'ilr" '"1.rea8un 'f,oree. t~. ~bber OO'Ter 1 ... , "etas the two con,tacta toptheT in .order to eoapl.t. th., ,c1-rcv1't~

(,) 11 __ '.1.01' two co.ae'_ •• pan,tM, .'M atta,c.'hed to OD., termiual 0'" ttl. t.t,.",,, ;., bl- .. t.l .,tri p i. pl..eN betH" th. 'he e_g.,. .... "t .• ea" to ,be oth •• t.1"IdD.l or tb.e batt,en'. 1" • pad,.t.l"IlIlaea te:BptI'r. tare I tke.' b'i ...... ,t.l • t: r1 p i.-a n~ t uk1aa . eO,il,t.e't .'lth eitb.r of tIM other copt.,cte* 'Wi th.. IchaD,e in t .. pera tu,ft,. the lri-met.,'l sl:l"i:p.. vil] ."ve, ,and 'Ifill c,Dltple'te. ,the t i:riq e 1 r'Cul t '.

,('2) Soluble b,ter1al.

(., (Cl o,the.epi:fl lind 'wa,;l., nie ,{!l,i!ifri,c:e' ample,J,. the- c 1 ot;b.,8pln ·t~hI1qll" ,.ad ,_ H]. uble "u,be time. t'lw t ,,111 d i,8001 y'. Y1,tb Ilea t, ~ 'Tb. nb.tgc. II _S'" 1 B }:'-1.ced between, ,t!'i~ o:p8J1 cO,p t.c,t, 01 tbe e lo'tbee'pln,. lIhen t'DOUgh h •• t 1. applied", t,h. 'WIIJ: _1 til the'te'by e cmp:l e t:1 ng the f1 r~l'D!IJ ci ftu!,t ~ Be t,1.. a.l.u ¢.~ be e'O>D't:rcflled by the type ,ud tb:t ctn.u Oir tba ..... U.,d.

(b) Cloth .. ptli atld lee CUb... ftd,_ th'!! I"U 1 d '1,.,. ,m tch

COUi.fi'U ot • clotlll .. ,1a '.ltlch 1e .. t :La ,an :Lee eube tr., ad! plac.a :I..: • r,.....,. _tft1 'tb. ..,ttl" heeii.. .,1"ovnd ... f1BIU' _,.. iii t... i_ _l,t., tb,. j,." of 'til. 010.....,1'. 'rill _" toptMF ... COIIpl.h, ~, •• l,eetrical o1..,.l.:t ..

~. . . ~

ID "hi. !'USI Ii .. 'b • .ck ••• ' bl.d e .i th • wi :re ae 1 d, e r'!!d t e 1. t u. 'beea f: .. t ••• .if to • fl.:t pi.c. 0" wood 4' P'relu,edl i'D to tu n. t boaN d,l JlieCtb tL:Ddero ttl.' ,eDd 0 f tile ~,a cka,"l1 'l"d. t. • tb.'b't.el(; ri t'li e, wi. ", • Q 1 d" r.d ,to '1 t ~ ":'he

................... iIio.. .... ~ ":-", ~1Ii1'lliil'!lllii'~.· a,a" ,iii" 1: .-·e e ~ .. ~- :r'I'! d

n......... 1.1. ~ u.u. ¥r .......... .". _~ -. . c. cU:jiIe 'r;&;.· · -

"~, tll. bli1 •• ad t'b., bard :holdiq th. CQ'D.ue~. O,.1h b the :ice .. 1'." tu 'back ... blue ~v:!!. dcn ... rd uatl1 cO'r.t.ct 1 e Dad e then'" C!,cpmpl. '* 1 ns t;'h. e lIe" r1 cal cl:rc1il:l t '!I'

'!hIe tun eO:D.I.1. t. (r, a mou.,e tTaP ''Wi rod 1 tli'to a !I,pr:1:ng l,oa;led el.,t':ti.cal n11:,cb. '!he, ana, 1:IiII.r :I. i!II held tn the co." ,..1 '1,= .", ;(I block or p'ntfi n ~ !he p8f'at'f1n. 18 beld, :in poe'tlon b7 .. ~od :!II1Crtnr, .,..e1ng upa rd e t'h rough

t"'- " •. ' .0' d,- ".... '0,' ·the -Wl.tr..... .iII ... ·... . c·· "'.",BifI, tnt c: t::h.- .

. 'NlI!' . -. _. - - - . . .. r Q;uIiII; II ,iIj,- _ _. . a .. e

~n.tt1n. :hi the de_' .,.'nUI, up. tbe para fti,-a 'n 11 II otten .ad th. _, b.'r wi 11 out 1. te "'f· tb!"cn,~h un ti.l .1 t 1 i!!i!

r· - tilll8"'·p .... Y."'" -- . ..1 ,i'IIIA'lIIip'l- _..... ·t·b' '1' 1: _.. :1 1 i ....

..... y' u..:.: ¥' " -..KIi .... ~ vw·8 8'ec. ,,f:' .... CA,. c',:reuy;,.

_ .f --

S3£!!YiJi::i1 "!i'i"§!!I :Ji:"_

(" !Mna1, 1M. 4 •••

OD ...... '1:'1 '1972 • Cm- HUl.t:t.ac of tnD'tJ' (20) .tieb Or 8111'et11H '.' ~t., '_ plaMd ;lui," • JP-4, j.t ,tv.1 .toNp' t.u OOI1'utatDC eppndMub 640,000 l.l1-ou of'

r..l. .. .to"", tgt ' ... ' loeaUd Itt I. I. 'Sa.,' •• DB (lAC) JtlCMpa.,

• f\1.p tu:fI,ott"",e aDd d.toMh-d the ,lI.la.tilil ,c.p 'but fuel 0,11 hid nttnd Ute 'pt,utle 'bIp ill 'lfb1eb. 'the d eVi. ee _.' .,," 't,h • .,.._ d, .... t,tt.tar t'ILe' dpW't. aD! "r ••• 'Dt±q • 'bt.,,:b o:rdi.r •• tou. tin ill

".. dm.ce .... "...... 'f"... tb.. .to"II,,,, tank' b7 ill" 70:rc. roD pH'8!0De'1, aDd reuer.. Nt. _,. ib. lU,c'h:1cafl: ·St. t. Poll ee ~'1-

VI, ,iI','!i!o~" "!!I'lii

.'

( .1 III- 't.e'ri.l 'PI, t i,q UI!. ru z;e!l - V',., l"'k. OIl d. t" f'i 0 r. t i O'rl 10 f a ... t terri. al in ord'.r ,to e loae .Ie e t, ric al een tae'tlfl Ol" ,,...1 ea 9 e '. ~1)C'k -4 f1:ri Ri! pin ..

( ,) 'W'1 re l!Jold,e'r" de 1 a.,.. II A",.1 ec,e of .1 r'e a old e r 1,8, 'r1 t te d

'i,n to a Jt"ev1.,ou. t,. Dot,ell,red a re-!. .on t~& (i,lI-ge 1" gri, p pc:rr't1oD 'Of ii, (';10 t,h.sp1ft IIn't c,b rmd t¥1 !r'ted tl ght " 'Vb.n 'r •• dy fcrt 1llH!li; the pre.re,ui""e at the e1.ot:l'~:.aplD ,Bp't',iDg bedrLe to 81owl,. st're t~h out ttl e wi re ,8Qld,~t' ... Depend In. on the d:i.ame,t:e:r and 'ty", of vi re 8'010: e i" u!,.d, II! V!I,m III d .1_,... may be ee-l ee t ed .. ( t /1 6· '1,!1ie:b 'toe 1,1l C Ol"~ 1'01 d er produced, time d elayl!lJ fr'om 55 miu-·

u tee to 1 hc'uf" 8Dd 1 5 minu't "Bi • ) -

(,2) Surl10al ta"b:LDI del.,' '" A l.q·tb e t nb "h'r 'w biD, (8.'I"I1U."1 tulllq 1,. .:1:0.11- .... , ) 1:1 .1.1,-,.d t»'".1" tbe t1DpJ:' an p pofti;OIl of • e:lc .. t·b •• pi'l: :IJri, tell., A ... 11 AI,etc: i., cut :La ,_ to."." .. ,. 0,' tM tu'b1q'.. !be epriq pn .. u:n G·t 'tb. fi.Dpr In p portion 0" t:tt., clefthu,!. OIl th. h:rgic.l tubiq calien 'if" 't\i~" 1'1'

.. 1 1. - ;1,;'",",..... ........._ ....... - __ • ...... _.iI t -Ii w;-d .a.h. i1i"""PlC • .I: tA

",'0 ','P'--7 • .a~' :.c:n.-- ''',inov cu .... vuiUo_"'-_"" .. II; .. '_' ... ,it",:r._-, ... .'_,

eDld of 1:.. h{b1q:jI,

IN:CENOIARY M·ATERtAL. AND

CHEM.ICAl INITI.ATfNG DEVICES

GENERAL

Fire b,l;i$ bee fl u sed by roil i ta r y force s as a. weapon of war fo r centuries. Today, it is used as .a ·p:rim.e weapon by malcontents, subversives, revolutionaries; and others" in this class, we win study vadoU$ mea ns a nd types. of de· ... ' ices used to start {tlla aeeel ~ If!! r ate fi res .

. OEFI N ITIONS~

Fir-e .. The state at which ignit.ed fuel or' ot·he.r ma.terials combine wit,h oxygen" giving ,off light., heat" and fla.me,. There are tbree requirements: (1) the fuel 0 r oxid izable mate ria] must reach (2) a certain temperatu re (heat)1 in th~ p resence of (3) oxygen (usually aid, unless th.e materia'! be.ing· used b.as. the ability to produce its, c,wn oxygen.

I go it 10 1\ Temper'a t g,re.. 'Tb'e temperature at wh Ic han. oxidizabl,e. material will ign lte witbQut ha viog a name 0:1' spa r·k. applied to it. Gasoline, for enmple ,. has ,an ignition. temperature.: of 495 de,~ g.rees Fa hrenhelt,

Flash :Point.. Tbe lowest temperature 8i.t w. hieh a liquid win give off enough vapor to ignite if you apply ,8, name to it. Ga.,soUne·, fer example, ht\6 a nash point .0,( (- 45 degrees Fahrenhelt.l At tbe: flash point, a liquid p reduces vapor thet win burn, en ly as.. long as a It ignit:iob. soueee is prese'nt", Fire PoiDt.. The temperature us'uaUy ·a f.ew de~ grees above flash point .. whe.'n the v'apors wUl eont:1 n ue to bu r n after re m oval of th-e ig nit ion &OU1,ce.

Exp'lo'sive· Llmlts. St:rict upper and lower limitaricns of flammable solids and liquids between which th:e-y wi II bur n or 'e xplode.. The c'xp) oSlv€: or flammabJe limits of a 'material refers to the· ratio betW'@@:n the amO'UD t ,0 f poten tiaUy flammable vapor. mixed with ambient .air or Oli:.ygen. The lower limit is the minimum concentration of 'vapor in air o.t oxygen below w h ~ ch the propagation of name does not occur on com.act with a source of ignition; Li kew'i:se ~ th fir·@ is a ma xi mum. co. nee ntratie n above w hi ic h i gn i tlo,n does nat oceur, E:x.amp·le~ Gase ~ i nil ., upper limit 'i.6%,lowt;t limit 1.4% ..

Spont.aneous Comb'Ustlo.n .. The ignitlon ·of. a substance f[,om t.he tapi,d Q.x.iciatlo,n (combining with ox Y IE-·n) of it s o.w n elemen ts without heat from any outside source. For example stacked green hay. may bu;r$ t in t 0 fla me if not prO'ptr ly ve p ti la ted.

Igniter', A device or- <compound used to ignite a.n incendiary charge,

NOTES-- -----------~~~~~~1

1

I

I,

.1

I,

i

1

.,

Pyroteehnies. Chemical .compo'und.!; that" when they bu r n l produce e ffeets such as light, $rooke,~ heat ~ an d gas prt:8SU res. They can also be used :for delay timin g.

Go:rrosi ve Che mieal Aetioi1 ~ The eating awa:y 0 r decomposiag of varieus materials by chemicals. These c hem ieals :ere used in :6 ring devices ,fClf a de lay and/ Or in itiat. n g a<;tion. Cor 10S,1 ve chem leal actio n may' compLete' fici:n,g ci tcuits Of release strikers.

H,Yl)erg'oUe Aetion~ To ignite or burst into ,flame on co ntact. Hypergolic (bern icals Can be used to start incendla ry fires or to initiate certain. explo-

'" d wh 'l. ht ] 'b h

Slve • '8VI,Ces. wr en u:r(J;u@:' -. t i ntc eontact Wlt; , eae

ether.

t,MPRO'VISEO INCE:N,DIARY MIXTURES.

Chlorate' and SUgar (50% potassium eh lorate and 50 % sugar).

Plast,e r -of P,l1l'is (calcium caroons;te and alum~hum powdtH'}"

Th-e rmite (60j'~ fer ric, ,Qxld,e (rust,)" '. bC '0% alum:intHD) ..

PETROLEUM' 'PROD'UCT'S~

Thickened GasoJine~ Gasoline mixed with one of the t'Onowin~ (soap flakes~ styrofoam'i' ,motor oil, rubber bands, or military tbic:k'e,ner.)

Solv,entSi~ (V sed iD the same manner a,s psoIinel . but tend .to he more 'vuiatUe tban IgalJ.)

Wax. (Scnne-times is, mixed with 'Wood &ha,vmp, O:l :saw dust to form bleeks.)

. B urnol Backfire starter Astra Li te, and cbareQaJ lIght'e'r.

Military M·2 F,ire Starte'f.

Self· Ignking Molotov Cocktail (2/3 gu" and. 1/3 acid, petassium chlorate and sug,st' on outer ,!abel of conta iner, )

Sel f- r gn it-in~ Molotov Antip-e',f'sonn.ei Cocktail.

TViPES OF' IN ITATING: OEV.CE,s4 Pyrotechnic"

.M.atch~s.

• F j recrae ksr fuze e .. Safety fuze ~

• Cloth w ie k. .

... Road €I So res"

• Spa rkers,

.. Light. bu i b t.i ~~'~@' p:a,pe'r.

_. NOTES--- """""""' ........ --- ......... -------~

, ,

I

,

Chemical.

• Copper pipe disk and sulfuric acid.

• Rub ber d iaph r.sgm and 50 i,furi-c acid. '. :Pin.g~pong ball and. acid.

.. Wax milk C ill rto-n and acld,

• B rown paper and. cardboa I'd ,giyce'fin ..

' .. Rubber bands soaked in Eras. (Rubbe l" bands contract when the g'BS ev',apora,tes.}

Ii Other chemicals. th,a,t are somtltime's used are:

c Wate'l'.

e Brak@ fluid,

~ Score hai r cream, '0 Lestoil..

H"J'UIord:aiic m ~ :s;:tures.

Y It'.." e . ,1 ~~.. ..

• Nitric acid and metal powders, .

.; Su~fu:dc acid, e.hlQt'ate:G~ and, ,sugar.

• POtauiUDl per mangnste aDd glycerin.

" Sodium pe·ro:dde", ,sagar Or POw.dered met.d.at

and waUl' ...

• ' Iodine crystals.. ahim~num powder~, aDd W8,te,~~

• Cal C~ n m L .. -- 0'" Llor oIIIt;i!ii (HTH)- - _. Ii... ~ 'I'_ . n .. t1'· d'l

_.~'~ 4,,,",,,'" nyp·;,.,'u: ," @.... ' "__:", I., ,m;Jl8,..,e ,'y. '.t

Lestoil, .l~eri ¥Ii and Score ha~ , crea ifn

, i!lj. ~ "'" .. .!I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ II , .... b

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS~

Clothjng. Publie ufety 'perle'nnel who ,are .respon'"

. slble tor' handling and disposing of ehemlcala, or i.ncendis:ry devices, cointal.ni.ng chemicals or' their reslduea, should wear adequaee prate-c,dvs' cloth~i1I'~ :Some impo r t8;,n t ,8, rtic le s of tl at,hing are" I foilows~

!Ii N omex (lc,ver.aUs" gloWSo, and hood.

• Safety goggles (acid proof). .

., Rubber glo.ves and apron for ha,ndH.ng acids ..

iii Scott pack Iself-contained b:rea:thing appe~ latus}.

Tox.ieity .. Shu;'@' chemicals are t,olic when ~nges,'ted or absorbed, take t.he followi:n.g precautions:

It. Avoid breath ing chemical fum,ea .

.. C hem ieal s b4 ve slQ'wer reaetlo n ti.'me' when temperature is be10w 50" Fah.retl-heit. Of when it is da,mp.

• Observe wi nd V'I!! loci ty and directioll.

... Use proper containers fOf chemicals and. keep fueling age nts su en as, bra ke fl.u.idl Score. hair eream and glycerine away from, 01 ldise r.8. , H T H.. and potassi urn c hlorate,

t'

<I It

[,

I

[,

[' I

.. Avoid contact with chemicals, tEv'en ehemlcal residues CAn C8U:eI,e a. reactlcn if' they eo.nUi;(:t yO'i.U' ski n.}

Equi'pme:n t ~ The following equipment shculd b@" on hand at .a 11 ti mes:

II Comma n e.quipment fen' dealing with ha;z.a.raO,lIUI devices,.

• First aid equip. UU3nt for bur nsr.

• R~'$pi.r.ator1i pro'ttfH;:ti'Ve masks, and ()xyg~n brea thing ap'paratus,.

• F· , ~ -1' n m1 is. her tvnes . Ire f!'X _ J ,_ -:b ..... _ ... -,J' J" .... "".

e Water;- Fot petroleum, s8wd'us-t'j and wax

• _..i. "'

l:nce'~L:ar,~e8·.

e C02.. F,ol s8wd U3t, was, and petroleum in.e.endi.ariH ..

o Dry chemicBt :Fo,r 88wdustt 'WU; ami petroleum based ]JltodUCtB ..

o Dry sand, Fer most incendiary matedala.

.1

I

MATERIIAL

PHYSICAL APffIlR/l'N[[

HEALTH HAlAROS

'RE.Ac,nvnv

Si h 'f. r (U" I~ m~- p~ ~,"~f]l'lr merul,

'W'h i'l e pi 11::- Il!r pnwde r wi I, h ::!i,l ron~ eh 10 ri nl' odor.

n.eddi~ih ~'bN)\'!,;n p'r..'J!\\~., d~ red metal I. rust )"

m .. iqumd,. eelor 'Va ri.,es de-' pendh~1( on d)~~s added,

Clea r, heavy. sticky \., "d

. llqUI.

Oil rk blue - red c ry~t,a,ls with metsllle sheen.

Silvery :rlu~tal (solid or rH.n\lI~e r) f. looks ~ ~'k~

;[\ [u m i num.

C ,fqj11!1~,. hn:r'r~~s. d rums, ho:xe~" and b[1;'I llf':~.,

A .. r ~~ :~Kllt C'.atlli~. d ru !~~R" a nd 11i8i~"

lBo~ 11es, bo ne'i:!!I" d:rums, and hnxes

, 1It'[I",II!iii;n!,!

GlaM Of p~lu,dc conteine r:s •

Botdes and boxes.

rowd~:r' is shipped and stored ; n tigbtly closed b[)ttle;!.~ boxes, fmd

dru m s~ 00:1 id j:s s l1ipp-tl'd ;AS 'ingQta, billt!'tl,. casti nglii,~ or' foqi n,g!'!",

H€"!">J).i rill ur}" and eye i.irrium~.

~ r rilat h~:p:: 1 (~ ~kl n ~ (iyes, r. nd rl'!8IJb·.at o!t'~" t raet,

Re~Vi.t.alory and e)le irri.tan~.

"oxir ·i r ilil,gest ed, A-y'O id br·ealhing v8~nrs., L:~q,'Old is explosive and nBmm:aMe~

N 0. ~nhel'c:nt ha,z.a rd.

fi • "f'· 'L '. d

iI,~OI:FjiO!f.l!m.]s. 1.'- HlinHall.'~-, or

l,wal1o'W'@d" Skin contact 0.110 t01t~.c. May C8USof' bu,rns to skin ai'l,d eyes"

F 0 rms (!! xplo(Sij \.~ ilrn i x - tures in alr; reacts with some ·ae ~d$ a~ d (·ausi. ic solutions (0 prodece

hyd r-ug~~'a_

Produces chlor i I'Ie' ~'illS

• ,. 11 " I

in C{Hit8!C1 \',0'"11 11, .f.IICH S 0 r

moistu N!!. 1 ~rl'l!i!l-es whe n in contact wit h ~ombllJ:s .. · l ibl:e Bind Ol'lga,n'ic

m i8! t er i ,91'1 s,

R eo·cb w'ith ealelu m, hypechlorate and potasSil"'~ pe r rnBi ng nate.

Re'l/lc ~!j, 'IN ~ l h 'W 8.lll?!I' I(E' '['1-'1:' rat.i.ng .n~ffj C'bent heat to

C" lIiU6e co rn bu st ion of

ce rtain rna. te r-i.B Is,

Cornbustjble mer.t11 pmv· cl er:s f (ii r rn 'E! x r losi v E! mixtures with U~it. ~ n p~)w·de r.- rl '-If" rl ~. wi ~] I'" [:' fH' n ".'It h W,'H N nnd uc:id.::i to TIC!e ase hiyd To,ge n .

[MATE.RIALS COMM·ONLY USE,D F'OR INCENDIIAR.Y DEV'I:CE.S

MlATEif.llAl.

PHYSICAL APPE "'RANCE

HEAlTH HAZARDS

t·

~.

'P •

" nt 8;S~! unl

Pe nllUli'ill(nat e

S dl o·,m:lln

\ .... rJIo.{ 1j.)0' ~fP·····~t,l,J

. :', . '!¥'" 0: . \1, .. _ ~

, . ~~.'~'"

"ff\\tlUt ~.

Col:orbl'Rls.'!> elear H(luid. IUodu{_~'in,; yeUow or r~ddi:!!i,h (u rne-s ,.

Trau5;palrel~lt (,O~I ~:r'I~fiiS CI' ystfd~. 0 r VI,' hlr ,t" IJOwder.

Dark purple ,tr;\'-~1 :ll~ with ~)I.ue tne<t8n:ic ~h(l\pn.

Si.l,-er" waxy·,'li,k,e meral, '(urns

~ r,ayi fOh· wh i.t e w'hen EJ"lJH];~C'd t n A i,r.

Yeono.W'ish-wbiJe rn)uwde r, tu:r!lfil S .!fIe I !.ow. h rnwn wffilen heated,

Cll'~lIses seve re t lSisue luU':ns. Fumes 8ir~' to::tm .. C'. hi lI:1nlv e8U!!i:~ k a:nd cor-

. I' ld

to:!ion~1i':" I.q:m.

Sl eel dnuu!'i.. l:ia'tlre1s. liber e0n~ ei.ners. and bOilt.'les.

'ToK.ie if i nl'f?s:H~d- Produces loxk fu 1l11€'i!I, i Iii nr~,

Hif!iI' medcall~y ~e'a~ed eans, drum"!. and ~ aa.k ears,

Solld ti.line:r·iaf causes !1e<'.e·[,f, sk i n and eye burns, 'Fume's [rom

1· u, d'

lU I' lunl( :!liO' m,m, are

bi;I~I¥ irri'I:~u,i'n'K to skin, eyes. $u(l QU.lCOUS mem.hr'tn11:ts-

.. Glass bOil'I.les.. cans, OO'l"~, and n'J.iI!'~8J' drums,

1'(n:~(: i r intre,gted. Avoid breii'u h i n~ dust':Ior rh at . i'nIC to "kitll, a~d ey.@.~.

Dan elf: rous reaction \\! ith many m8t,erieds. Ex'pla' S! '!,!!iE'!' li'elllCl1,!o:n with meu~U le p(~wder., ea.rbid~~. hydro gen . sui f:'ld~.s,,~ tur '.

• ..1 ''' .• ,1

penh~le. ana CYl.m,iuif'.

P f ~ "d'"

, ower u ~ iI'J Xi' 1'ii!:,ll1Ig ma-

reria]. Ferms (I!:Kplfi(S~Ve 'm i X torE! with cmnbllsl i· ble, orgtl,t:lk or. other e'D:R;~]Y ign ited, e asil.)I 0');,idij,l..e.d mate rials,

Power ful, o!(,idfi,zi n ~ m,a ~ ~ e rial, Explosive when in contact wit h s;u'Ju,t ie ,0.(: id or hyd,roge'D peroxide.

E')U f:e]rUi~'ly do nge reus in ,contact w'it h moi stu re 0'1. w'st er hot enough to c..flllIse i,gtli I km or

(' x plos ro 1\.,

Reacts ""I,R:oru''l1i81~' ow b't h jN,fU er, :M b; ture S '0 f sod'LiU m :p1!!WX idC' and 0(:',0 rnbust lble ,. O'fM;lU1.i c. or readily oxidi,1.8,b~e substanees .lUI!! 'ii!'X p'~(lIi3'~ "",,f:!'

,Ell nd ~ M n lite e'~sa y by friction or ccmtillC'l wi! hi ""'atef-

M,ATERI,ALS C,OMMO'NLY' U.SED F'OR INCENDI,A,RY DEVICES

PHYS~CA.t ArrE AFtANCE

:NOAMA'~ OGl(NIAI~E:n,

I( ~()Jo, h~8P.. c lea r, S ]:i ght '~y ,j j'II~- lfill.lu id,

n I ~fl8 or 1 e,flcJon ,t·ntlt,R:~:n~'rs"

Causes !lle\~ere d(!'ep bu rns I '[;I' I issue, \' ~r ~r cermsive ,

'Explos:i,'I,,re when mixed

, 'I "

'W ft, 1 POl assrum

Ii d"

p;e.r, ma..!'II.gno'te'- ~ ncenc l:-

n:ry when m~,l,ed w,~th black powder, ]JQtal£siu.m, ehlo rill.h~'. .mSltc h 'heads, sodium 'peroxide, and

ea lei tun hyp(ilch~o:r'JlI!te_

Ueddi sh- brown powder wi l h a !l,Ii~h,t ~,HV~f sheen,

.~ 'he r I'Jl i I~'

Not. m,aUy used ns a fin~'r ~ti. fin iUt {UT Y otrdn:i:1inrf'.

i r ritant,

I I

I

'I

IN T R,O DUC'T'I'O~

'1"'1;,. ~ -- - - -' , .. ~ ,jIo, -.' '( - _. ·.,ill '- .~I:... .. 'C-, .Yi:i1i:_ ... "';o"ijli.P.;.li.ii'i,_ 'C- ii'iUMfiiIIO;t:m ..... , i,.. ... W':I! ,t;OOC'C) C'Ult'!II~ftl'

_iII!,j!il ~Sp.el~iil!J. lI,.Ie.x; usr;:lijI; ,1m I~II ... '.1,_1111411. ,"",,",,!nlLN"'I!_ '''''~'''''ia:''''''---- iI!;#U,_ ~, __ ~:, ":, It. [ __ '_,_~.",

infOSmiliOIl Oil y~ s,witW$ lOCI cUcult$ dtlt ,eitl\e,' g,¥e, betn '0:[' :mu' ibe ~nlltred ~ 'h.aza.dous d.e"rices~ 1'1, B DOt. mt.ended 1:0. be In eI~~ron:i:e$ ,gui.,~ 'but nthcr a, ~ptiQn oJ\' ~QW 'V 21 i:O U$, $Wildles; fUIK~ion and. OOiW they' ase ~dl is cb:tCn~ iiCti~~, flail Iml

~f~l,ng ~nd. I1rlifl8 improl\ijs-ed e~plbsiV~' de'fic;:es;.

A . .: [oIi_,;h-- ";;-' 1'-: - illcr-e~~s the Uketihood of encount-cn"lg hnardous devices min", these

s _ ...... _ 1,~O_Qg.y -- -- -- !"'... - - - - - - - -,~, - - '~CI' - -

A.... h" - A ,- In. ." d

;lnJlrO!, 'OI,i,Cir ,o:IP,)_B'liIJe,al!Cl~, 5iW1it1C,tei:1.S :U'iiC:ft&H' :__~

To 1I~lp Y\QU fanUli.u,i:m )I',oumlf with m~ d~fOllic drclliUy ~ lI'e h.a,¥t' imc;rted :l pqe in the: :b,j;(::k ,of you 1" lext :shU?"WliniP' the: :m'OSI' common dcc-i!l7O:Bie ""m~i... .... ~m"'-l ~-

_ •••••• _ .;. __ ••• J _, ._lUl;~; . __ "_ I " •• """. J"_" '!f!I'1'_~',I; n ~, ~ &i.1I II

~pmi fi:eJd! d~:sJ.8n 're~e~mltimR, 3, p'lrt Ull I, ~tic: ¢lireuft dl;qnml.

REVIEW OF DIRECT CtJRRENT4

F'~~'lo;I.,ji; ~ ",k..,....".., the .,.'I-..,.iI.;o-· ...... i;.'ln ~,,,,,,",_.A<wjI , ... li;i'r-_ilili·t """'j'I:t .. _ ... n~ [-::-,;, ... ~ _' '''ot!tl!l!!!1!·~ , ~Jlv''''' ~ _lLl· '!I-~ _lIiiIl,~ ~LXL.Jr'· I~, ~1~~~!Ii ~,~- 11'~IIJ ~rIi "'l'iW~'~jJ I~I-U. 11~-iMiIIl.!IiIIIIIl~ i

E - VO'I.. T:AGE , III CU'R iR E NT

FI: - RES tSTANCE

Re-q1.iirenle:niS foc a Circuit.. FiguJC 2; moW'S Ii 'buh;: DC ~ircu,it., The Clonlp!lln,clI,t!li nc-.d.,d to ma lei: the circuit work :are'~

• :$oIllr!QC GJ!O'M~r :$uPPbjl'_~ '1IIS"'IUy ,3, :MtJt,ery,)

• CQmdiu:ctOf ( .. He')1 .. load ('in~,1:i\llm',)

-

P" 2 B " D··C··"'· -

,,,,we _" .. ' j$f.C ..• .' ueeun.

I)'ple~i of 'Ci;rC'i.tRs"

• :Fj~lue' ,3 $'bow:s a, :tedes. ci'[',cuit (cmnenl t --:3UiilliL- --,- - ., 'b.:)

-~,- - _. .' . . . ,.~ ", .. ' . __ ' .ir'_"'io'G; ope pal!; .,'

'T' .JI

~'~--iIII!I!

-

-

~,' " I' -

• Fl,Sure.s show~ series '.' parallel, ,'Jl'cuits,

A.RM~ I'll G ,$W'

LOAD

A'RM fNG ,SiAl'

; CLOCK

HIiii.

-

BATT'

F" , r ~----, P;-' it, j C'\· "

I,gun .;;;I'" .x:rN!S., ',a"~~;'flfc.l,fiC1Jrn"

S:lUDENIT N'OT'ES: :f!!!'i!!!illi!!iIiJ!iiIiII------IIIIIIiiiiIIiI------llllli!!iiiliiliiii!!!iii~~-~---- _.

, ,

OAM TAC' - "TS-- '- IN' 'mAI'I'Te' . H' ~Ci'

UI~ I: ·c"", :<, '.' ,0[1" _ I_", :, _!~i!I

Tht!,~ a.re dUeE s.wit.;h ~ml';u disi;ll15.1Cd in this spedal .exl~ They ,1ft common (C) .. iUu)nn~lly dosed (N'C)~ Ind normally open ,(NO). Somt. $Wi.tcM:s. h~ !Qnly two OOJUads vdljll~ 01 he;r~. h .. ntt' t,bliG;t!.

The ,common contact ('!;!'11 , switc:h is ,al\ita:y-s u-xd" hen~ ,the M:In~ COMMO'N,. R.eprdless, Q f wha [ the switch is d~:dgn ~d to do, th~ ~m.mon. ,~\,)I'taCl is one lea of tb circuit ,S,oint !IO tl~i!' :SWl teh and ~$ d~e mil)v-eaJb:le ,cofUiiilcit, •

.i\ -,-.". - - -.- --- -,.- . ...Ai.. ~.-- . --liIi;ii'~""'io iiI!; 'io'h--e -, - ""'d (i"" . 'ilil"', -" iI, ' ~'" -1 .......... '· _n-

," 1W() cOliil:lCl, !sWll~~. 'V1!!e ;(;(hn,l"'iI!, _!ii __ ,oo;mmcm, In . ,Itl!: Olli:lllc<rcon~ , Ui;~IULW ,OOIl'Hl .... y

d,Q$:.~, Of IfIOTmally opcn~ If tht $w,itm is .. ~ :res.!: wilh 00, extc:mal fOfCC or amelJY ~,

- applied .. it, .is 10 .in N'ORM:AL posIliom'., The ccmt.ds, 11'1: ~tther open Of' cl~d. If th,c:y arc ~ptn," [he eentaet i,Sj, -II! NOaMA1L,V OPEN' co.nflict" If I'hey iil'e .cfos~d~, il is ,I, NORMALLY (l.-OSE,D' cQnhj~l"

Swit cn,e-,i wi~ h thr1ee ~X::UU"U1 alway,s use th~ commOR ,Ind ,reUher' tbe: ,I:umn&lly closed ,Of 'iu,um:al~lll open ioo~it3icl depciml~m:B, O~ the acUon d-ft.i~,. 'Vlihen t~ swill" is ;i!l rest I(~JI, ,~ts nQra~~ position) the ,common is ~n oonta(:( with the: 'DQrmally closed COO'tlct~ 'The f~mms ~R'UU:[ is ~,herefQ.re open ~ Mne:e ,the' tC['Ql, Q01'fnll1y' 'Open., 'This, is ho,w the krmin~ogy no~ mlU\!' (jiil!itO and oor.mallv' , ... I-"'d 'ti~ ~--"!" d·· ... ui;jlO .. d

•• ~II .••. ~ " ~.. • ~:_..-J. ~ ... ~ ~~~~ .!llifIl!!l"II~ ..

M,AGNET~C REED SW'ITCH'.ES~

MagenHc reed swltth~s. (influence swltehes) are :used '~~ comrol circuits. They ccnslst of two Q;;;~ rlap'ping.. fla t ~tee l ~pr~ng c,l)nt~cts, ,un a d fl" in en g:;t!; ap d sealed LIt a glass or p1ast tc ;e,nvc:',lo'pe _ A magnet, permanent cr elect ro. ca use's. th e reeds 1(1 open 0 r dose a~ d;es4red._

Figure~ 6; "1! 8, and 9 show em reuns u..:sing no:rmally open all d normally dos:e.d magoe de reed s.wite-~tes;

A.

,SWOPEN

B.

I MAGNei]

MAG N,El' Cl,OSES ,SW'

.. 1: I ' . ..,__' ~._...;J.I

LIG tiT Ofi'F

BA:JT

11- _.

BATT

A.

'I.·I~~

LUlH:T ON

BA,TT

MAGN,E,T OPENS:SW

,. 1 Ifr---:' ~____. LlGH,T OfF

BATT

FlmJJ1j 7 rU __ ... ~"" D_,-I ~--, •• ,'~'~_Ii.J. ............... i-v ..... /_.-1 _.:!~ _ _. ~ !I~.~r.,~~.r .... ,n~ ~y.y IIl.iIio.-l·" I"-y.r I! I! 1'!IP;f~. iL-!.. ~a:.l'1

A.

c --l=::::;;:::t::::!~ NO

• --.- NC,

MA'G,NEf C OP'ENlS S.w

'__'r-~==~==~NO

T ... ·Ne

F· 8' ._..,.. • ' ·ft ~ S' """'h .......... -m ....... C' ....... teet "'r,i..,r IH - ti't'i - II .",.,1· - -,-I' F" _. • ~ l d

,19JH"e " l"iqgn~',~':u:: M U .IMf.:",,_,; ""'V!I'r-,w~ . vr. iII!'Io"- 'iiI' .. U 1110: _ ,a,. y ""t-OS'e'-Q I;,.Qnr:r!lic~ .,..,5&. ,

II "--, ~.___.

LIGHT OFf

BAlT

A.

II, I!!!!.----- ...... ---+-L-IG-H .... T ON 8ATT'

S'TUD.ENT NOT:ES "r-------------"!I!!!I!!!~iiiiiiiiiiiiiilliiiIIIiIIiIIi--------~__r.

..

I

~j ruJ t"'- A...&_ 1 t: jjr:~~A hi1 A. \f!o1'1l" .AUJ'·· H')I LJ., ~ 7~ ~~y.rv·f~I~~ -J' ..... J.~.!Ii

,I

· r£.~ ~j V\~. .~"...,..e. ·fbuJt;·t:1 ~nlt.~ r~ <D.7.h1':7.&l71 v fJ~ I;~ - ..... ~"f"'t"\Il1l;ooo ,.: ~ c·: :. ~J' .... r NoI'f"'~'J

~ ",flAt'1· .

RE.l.AYS AS· SWI:TC,HE.s..

.A r.elay is :aJ'I elec:uom.ecnaldeat device used IS· ,in el-ect rome Iwit,ch to cant rol a cireuit. I ~ uses ~ battery a! a power seuree. Figuf\f ] 0 moW!; a t ypi(:a) re.Jay. and its com'pone'[iI ts.

A r:~hl~( is. I'fi,ade up· 0. f the i olio-Wins:

I Coil O~· 'wire (e;}tClrOmiilgll ft) J. MQYe·lbl·c' coot acts

3 .sPflf'llg.

C.ON.T·,ACT·S FO:R FiAi'NG CUtCUlT

c __ ----~------~~------------~----------------__,

NC

NO •• ···~-------------~--~1

1

r~"'__""""'_~3}

:' SP'R':NG

CONT.ACTS fOR RELAY

POWEPI SOURCE

RE LA V NOT EN,EAGI.ZEO

FIRING POWEFI: SOURCE (CIRCUIT OPENi'

L. .'

POWER SDU,RCE fOIR RELAY

REL.A Y 'POWER SOURCE O~DEV.'CI IS $A,FE

DEVtCE F'RE

BRE.AI<. IN CIRCUIT 'O'R POW'ER, sounce OE,CAVED

r ~ --"~~ 1IiiIiiiiiiiIII·!IIiiii!! ...... ~-,

I I

NC I

c. I,

i ,

'1" .. 1. J •. ~4·1

'L....----_ ......... -.t I' ~~ _.... ......... IIiiiiiiiiii~t ~ ...... _iIIiiiiiiiiIiII_.-:.~~_-- NO- I

I I

I l

I ~

l i· 1

CI FlCU~·T OPEN

B

r ~ -~ ~._ - _.,, __ _. ~

I .'.-----___..,.~.- ..

N·C I. ,

t C I

NQl

I

I ,

il

~~~~11-!~~'~~~~~~

I,

I I 1 ;1

L. __

Figun!J i 2.. RellJY with Common ·Norman'! Oa~n Con rae t.

CANADIAN DEVICE+

Th e C iiJf!,au. lun d eV! C( 'l.:i,Hl:S.~st e-d. ill.f t hi!" f{ ... II~iW:i:ng;

• R¢~o.iY

• Three bat ~;[! r ie-~ ,. Bla:u in g COl,;!,

• J ~ ~ ks ;.lind jJck r~ u,g~

• L~~I~. bulb

- ....

B1

:STUO'E,N'T NOTES

N.O.

A JACK 1

btl

r. ~e: ~' ~ ~ f\f'\/~ i·, ~ ~~ Ueftr:

~,i'OfJ~r ~~.

p~ i,1',offt~ ~ ,~~fE: t

,..;;::, 1:i!\J.. \.il.lc'Ji"1'" ~Ap' ...r":ii\ oer» A_ll'~ 't:1i Arb W' ""~

:;,/., ~"V~ ~. 1- v- ~ rY"V· ~, .' .. 1. ~-,- '.

~r I~ f'lA1& ItJfO ~ i~'sn 10 f1~ .'

1_

MICAOSWITCH.

A m±c['oS!witch opens Qf doses 3, 'circidt b)" the use' of either pressure or the release ~'~f pressure.

F igu re 14 shows. ·circuits, connect eel: t (:I flormaUy closed contacts (A'~ arid norm idly ~j pe ~! co nt-act s (B).

LAMP

B. CiRCUI'T CONNECTED TO NQRMALLV 'OPE,N CONTA-CTS

PRe.S$UR,E APPLIEO

,

NO

c

PRESSURE APPi;.JED,

t

LAMP

--- - I

NC,

J . NC

~Il....--....I..: I +-" lm;;L.+--· __............. ~.' ~ : :.

+1'·0 ~

... _:_::4

NO

NO

NC I

NC

I

,

.. -,.

I'

~

NO

NO

fUlrlBL~ E' EMENT- SW' . I'TC'HES'

.... ~._ .<_.~ ""l--,"';I _" ,'1 ~.- ..... i I -: .• ', ~.' "'.

A fU!iibl,~ clemen I ~witcb (fig.. ! S)~ used to arm deYi,"s~ ~s the pith of ~t now fn,)tti one CirCI!.iI.L~ t C) ant' rher, The f\l.iible· elemc.n.t $,witch is ma~ llP of the foliowing:

NQ;l~Onductive b~ . ., Sprjng contact s

J F usib le, b'ftakabJe wire

cr:

( (

1 =. N,ONIOON DUCT'i V E BASE 2,- SP'R ~NG OON'T'ACTS

J,-. ~F US I B LE" B Fi EAKAB LI: W I A' E

'I 1

.".MING CDNTACTS

,~,

FUSIBLE !Ell. EN' SW'ffat

,I

I

........

F;,w~ "It s.~ .,", .iL,. ... ~_,. ....... ...l:,·' .. _.

~~_~ ... ' .W' "" ,"",,~"I!WV ""U'!l~J'. IOn"

Fi~tm]: 17 ~hOW11 a, c~iJcu.it usin.:g a fysible· ,l!JcmttiJl switch fOf arming a. device. The switch lS in, the ~fmed position.

STUDENT NOTES

ARIMI,NG, ,eO~t,AcTS

fUSUll'E i l~,Mfftl' :SWITCH

'. --- '

The first fuli,ble' element sw!t·ch used in a .,ice- 'W,u in it, $lrnplte ,911ti.~·paT.,aJ1el' eireus t • 'The lea roUli t conltiined, I. fU5ibm Ic,ltmu:nt: ilrrniling :sw1tm :Ind itWIO mk~.oswittCh!~, T~~

- :l}j, L. - - .. i'i"-d- - - ~fifti) ...... --iL' .. A~iWIIS! ''fbe: .... _oil ..... '" *.~ r......~~iili'· - -;I ... ~.~~,~ iI;. ~

mlcr()$'W,,,(:I,IH 'W~f;'; ~,' as !Ii:a" ..... P~Hh'M!oI~._~ '_ " I!i.PoTU;C "II!!.' 1,;n.L!I~ 10 :Ii 'P..,.~UUu, ili,JUX

1~i'l:a I COfll1:l~ln,ed rai hole r~)Ii' thi' aiRi~nl: rod" The de:vWe' '¥r"Ould fire ,Iof' ill: 'Wt!$: I~ftedl or I,f I be top of the box was r-e~TH)\ili!d,

FigUR' 18:show$ 3. $!r&u-par.llhd MlIL'1 'wjl',b ,I, fusibla ~I-=merrt :IWIi.C;h ~ l'n t~ 'CUlle RO'bil1$, dm,oe.

FUi·~8Lf l:tIMIN"r .. ,---- --iiili-_- iiiiil ......... ~- __ ~

ARMINO iW"TCW

NO

-

-

TRANSISTORS!THVFUSTOAS:

'TRANSISTOR

c

E

,DlIJt tiM) :the adWIR't or :!!I!miQOP~l!Iotor.s l(iUlnsbitl~n,. ,t!l'C.,) and !lhe ,aclCd~r~lil!d ,ad'\i'aIOI~i.!:S, ifi, eleen-emlc com,poDlnt~~ bombef$ have: N:e1l1 'lJ$iQg w:m,e !fa.ber sopbmicated de~[rO'mi,e f1!lz.]IIlg $lf$tems, 1m this sl:cli'o~ 'We: wiiU tlk 8 iI! basJe 1~y.~aH:~', IIP~:riO~!I;'~ ~~ '1!11'ilde'rs[:J:r!l!d~'"~' how ,some' of t.nes'e scmi,oonducto':rs werk.

:Nrst or an~ :11: is. jmpDL'UUlt t'O' reiJlze d~lll, ti'aomtors ~,nd thyr.Ut'O~ ,aU ba'Vt somcl hm~ in ~:On1irn~IfIl:' th~' ,ill fliYt. thlliU leach.,. FloI' $~mrp:lir.an(J91, 'we' 'w,illil dis~:i;I~ 0\111 Iy 't'n¢ ~ ,:ai~~:~s~:ur " ,alt.hQllgh thy nsrcrs are simUiIt'.

NO

seR A

U'

n.

The re ;:J re va rIo us' t y pes u f 1 ran,siston - They m.a:y be de$~8ned fa r filt ering, amphfica t.io,tl . or' ';I",' i tchi n.g,_ I ~ Is ,[ he la [ [e r that we ~r'I!' primarUy concern tid with - Spec'~fj cally, how do t h ese e lect ru ru~' :swi rches work, and wh.i;l will ClU$e; t hem to function a device?

Tr a II'S ~s.t 0 rs I:t.re ;:'::01"1 st r uct ed 0 f to rll:''I1' sepa rate 1aYlI!tS 0 f Sili<:o nor Germanium, eac h layer h~vble ;"t sltpar.ute lead, They are c~Hed the base (B). emmer (E). and couecicr (C), The j rrow In the t ransist OJ sche matte denotes the emit ter. Two type's of t ranslstcrs (NPN. PN P) are Iden tifl to D}' rhe di rectlon the arrow polnrs. In t h>t NPN t he arrow P'Olnti ()U I , and in the PNP. t he a rrow points in _ (See figure 20 A).

NPN

A

- '1"

_,

B

c

FiguR' ,20

Ea Io:'h layer of s~ Ik"tJrt wit h in the transistor ifj doped \Wit h im'pufitiu 10 li'W ,it Ile.sative or pOS,!tj,ve- characreruues. NPN and PNP dc-s,criH tnt arrangement of the material: 1'!eg..pcs~ n,~g an d rm,~n r-~ -pos, respect iveJy _

The basic 'Pf j ndpal go we rllins. t hi! switching 11II(:llon of the transistor is that a srnaU current How cu n I' rots a m U(: h Ir!"ue-r o:nr.

in fig LI rt ,B and C _ a mee han iea I :!!iwltoL:'h (S I ) is, being used to turn t.h.e: t ranslstOf 0 nand c ff_ 1 [ 1$ no l f'I i!'~e:$.Si3.ry to use ,II mee nantal :!!i.wit eh, but it wiIJ Mlp us: to undentand how ~be i.: u rren i LS nowi ng.

I r'I fi~l t I'¢ B. S w~ rc h S 1 is iniuring l he base of the t ransi.!itor is at the sam t polarity as the e-mltt~L Tnls way, nt,:l current can possibly flow through the base.

M()vin g S 1 10 pesuion A (Fisu re C) a l1ow~ base current t Q now (J a), The bau" cu rren l ..:a uses co He, h 'lif curre n~, (lC) to now. the reby t urnins I,he t ra,nsistol' on, Collector curren [ ~~ 0 ft en re ferred .,0 as the I,o.ad curren t, R3 is. t he load. :and in iii de-viet. it \1,'0 uld be' re pla~ed by S~1 m e fl' rru 0 ( an ~Ie't Tical ln~ l ~3t 0 r for 1 he exp los;ivt charge,

I f WI!! re f!'!1.)\,1i;' S 1 an d rep,~a(:~ R l wilh an E.ce U. or ca paelror, line eu trent wm not flow until, !~'S.lsr:a:nL,.'! Increases a! 'fh~ E. (:t,n (H capacitor, ln tne following seenens .. w!' will lock :J:t how these L,:''ir",:uH~ work,"

E.lECiROC:H E.MliCA l C'ELl U! <:'E LL~

~.,p;: rO'm Nat ion:e~ Bomb rnta Ceme'r Spec:iilll TeQ!'uli·cai By Ilet I n (·3·9, 74~3; Clnd 74·9),

_ .

. 57

E-CELL

.'If!' 2. If!: ~,rJ"'" • ro· •

,or,,.,.... or .•. 5'"~U 'i!I'~ !!w;'iallf~

An E..-eeU (OD_lts· of i.l¥O eikdr,'OOe:!. mel Ofit .ctf.oI),~e:., OM· ,elecuode i$ ~QlUy UI.ve'r and the: otheil is; pj'd,. The ~U his. ill sih'tli' dtc;t;wdt:' Jill. title f'Qlimi of' >I. ease, Indl a O!!l1!le:r go']d! c]C¢t:li'odc', The· silYe)r case piJfom1t I nip~e fwu::u.o'fi~, it is thre: snve:~ eJ«!ro~~" a rete-r'VQlr of active meuJ (IiLver,)t and a eo:,n,u,me:r for {,hi:' cleC-trolyti!" 'Th~ CIS'! is; ~rli!d diu: rr,c5er¥O~r eleCiltode. The ~nCc;r gold, el,;rctJrode ,n; c-.thd, d~e wod:i~B, ele'Cilf!a.ft", nh!; o~~u:o.(Y~l! ~ .Ii 'sh~ In-dlu-m throg&h 'whiieh :sil.~r Ii$, '~ted Q:mto 'Of 'renlow;d Iff01iiiL the.- I,ot'd ,e,f«tPJdtr. the. in'lOWlI: of'silRI' 'U'l.Il$'treffed bet,ween, e1«:t:rodcs is ;a r~nc.u~n oJ elllulIWt :llfid I:~~ AI: • COftIlHt ;CpJtt.nl. nnw .hmu .... , tile: ccll~ I. speciff£ Itn,grd'i. oif Um~ is :r'cq~ilTtd ~\O til'uder' I iCnowm Jilinomn!l of :$ilye~ ..

If th,t 'same amolUlI of .current. is used t,o pllt! a" 'given amount of $iIVfl'r as Js iJSf:d to depJlte the ,sUer" the time f,Q~ bach ,iI!iCtiOAS wiD be tike same" To change' from p,lu Iftii& Ito -dcp~itlim,g :Y'O'U :rcvtrte 'the- tDf\cctlcm ot lClJ!rRm~. now ~

WA' 'R'N- ,: ."'N' -'~

-a .:: ." ..... _ . '-'

While; depilating i$ Ufldef '~ay,~, the \iOhagc' fIl'e'iSlUircd aCfOl$, !the: a11 i$, :lOw ~ ~ua~ly less ttllm '~OO m~ltV()I.i's, (:0!,.1 'V' dc")., Ju :soon, as; thc' $,iiI:,w'I' :h!M, been C TI.iulsf.ened ~'he 'v()llu~g,~' inere311H sharply (resj:Uiln,et incn:~ :sh~!i.~p-i'Y); This incl!casc in vo]ta~e- may be used to operate switching d.evh:es sudl ,as a silieen contmUed l'eetifiitr (SCR) er a n~,n$.i$ioL ee Oi)Iin.,plI!Mi! ,a nrmg. ,Qti'C ii.ih. ,0, ,I Gct,onator.

~ . R.em;oy.ltl1l tlV It •• fery flom .1'3 E~een firirle de'¥,i-tt mj,Y' CIi~' 'Iii" deVice 1,0 fire.

2, f tee~bq; an ,e .... u may ~iUe Ie to let as if if bi5 oom,pk~r:d de:p1adOS

;w ican t!lU; 'the dm ee,

1. DJoppiaJ .. £4 'tirncr':may .use the ~,O! 1,0 fire.

,iii! '0 ... - " ~ - "..-011; E!' .......tl .L ''', ," , - '"Ii' W:lii ' .. ".. t'L· ....., ,'. 'to fij-"

",', A!I!Omt)'Vll!Ig _, IiiMi.ila .~rom Ii QfC1Ih, ' _1111 ClII:SIi!' ]!I!i!' 'utwct: , , ,. ' IIH:.,

j :l !{ r 'R,BI~tOIii ,

H~P!FI Ov18i!: ¢!

,Pili 05,1,.1 RESIN I if C.,.

An :bi;e It lED "" as 'Pt}SJilio:tl~d in, :an ajrp]ane seat betw~;:n t ~ c:ush~O:f:L and. the webbing;, suscept i bl~ to I he: pressu ee of a teate'OJ ?as:lenl~i[', Pri{;'r to j,ts plaeement, the b:aue'r.Y pa~k W\a'"! at tad\e,d and the jack used to .ann the I ED. ~,Iicat.ion of p~Slurt -; th~~fo.Je. a 1,.' 1 i~at.ih1 the E~ce,n cier uit , ,("h1~ t;"Mry i! con dng,lUnt upon tb! power source being

---- ~ . .4i-, - ~ ,- E: _- -- "'J,"'j. \ f' 111-_ ',- tn- el ---, .e the ,- d- it- ," -d '---te ,~'~

''"''"He" as ,Lfh'!;llI;:,alCI"J, in r. Lsure c;" 'J '_-Q~'OW'lirli~ , _"",!.apse O,~ me pre e ... ernune: .111, N4-li

of the E·~ctL the eircui! t.hrcH,Jg_h t:I!\'! lr,ansiS1(H" ""a'S r::lostd. deto-nali:na, tb-e cap and ,,"x~i,Js;iv~. I., t hi,s ~~s,~; t he '[ ime deby. pe ~1odJ nas, not been aet.emriMd.

- '

NiOfE : By dklngin.g the rnislillii!l;j i'n th, E..geJI circuit 'tQU Cln de4it,. dte timing d,'Yi~ feu o'¥.r • yur.

S:rU-DENT NOTES

"LiN lA~ ~J,..f"1' I! ~or ad'a. t"£tdL' £.. ... A 'C'~. j', kl.JC;. I y.. ··'A U- 0' r: i. '~

l-W 7f'~ .. ·:v,.,.··. :'""rr~ rrv. .:. ~,~ .:1) .. ~~ .. _.".

a. 'Ot:\ r'l."·~ J~'II~

" V~" ~ _N~~ .

RES~STOR CAPA.(:·ITO,R TIMER (Ae TIMER) IACF' TB· 2~72.

A resistor capcllcitor Hm.er (fig 23) works on the sarne prin~aple as the .E··ce.l], Whl[t the capaciro r is ella rgjng. the t ransislo r I~ t u rned OiF F. When the c.a p~d t'o r is f u;i ~y c no] Fgtd . cu ~ rent flQws. th r.ough rhe 'I ran.S.i.st,Of and det on U-es the d,~vi OEl .

This, type. of circuit has a possible time delay of from seeeads to hours. II w,:u used to make homemade hind 8.re:nadrs"

. CAPAC'TOR

VARIABLE RESISTOR

'I

- 8A.TT·ERY·

'this ckricc ute. d. a Clp.a~itQr, iba1 t!cries; ;and a sUd-eo s.,wi.u:\h as the l irner. The b ... ~ t cries also 'nr~d the e'xpl,o$i,Ye.

The i;3pacit-or cha,r&es. t-o th.e batt!rles volt .. (16.,8, V). 'WhCM rhe ~Iid;t fNfllC'M is ruoved O~ (}p!'l1ing dR' pac!kag..e. the cin;u,it i~ completed through til! b~as.liflg C',il.p and 1'1re'5, lhe devtce.

CAPACITOR,

'+"

_.

+. -

1+2 B4TTER~ES

1III'II~lli! II, I.III~I,IIIII ).1 t-- ___

Ell EC'T'R ON !IC 0 E:L A Y CII' R CU II 'T'..

I'Se-e N,abona~ 180mb Io,!litlll eel'Uef Specia~ fechn~lcall ,SIi.iIUebfli 15~'1 and 15, ~ {1 ~"

Tw.v d,~yices USl'l~ du~ :$3.fi1e: electeon Ie: dellay cir~uj[, d~i,p, na'U: been (ou:n,d,,, Q,n;t Cif~Uih W3$, c()llllec~t~d 1.0 ,3 pIpe lUted 'Widl ~xphni,ves,. The othe-s' \11'35. ooJ;'Jlecu,d 'to a plastic !DQX, wUh ,~:x,ph».I,\l'eS., The' eircuh desips wtm't :pdmuiliy 'tbt. samit~ '[Ill!: diJf~"\!Ji~'t b!!"blg d'll~ 'Ij,:'.!!j.hjJ~ of ~'a,~jo'us, COfJ'jrpo:n)ep~s Ih~s, ,~_Uowi~, two difie:reflrt de'h~,y 'limes."

The ~ i,~'''; ~i'~:!iii sJ:l OWiiii I.n figu:rre 1 5 J~ ~ 1 ttl e-e;;li,(:jJl (:~POIfU~'!l1llS m:O!l.l~,tcd on ,31 :2 mob b,,' J In c.:'b !)i~,ct' 0 f flbe rglass, ccppe r c']ad 1 p:dn~ ed. (lr,eWl board. The @lecuoni.c ~im eJr' ~upp']i,es. po,we r to a bbstlf:lg CiP ,af.t.er a p rede~,ermjned time period has ei!ps~d" The devh::e t~ te t ~J ~y e'~ec.t ronj C iU'J,d has no moving Or mtcC:hankal parts ''fh.ere ,~, no ~idble or audible: ,irHj~,~at 10 n, du t ,~, ~im ing 'process; is t ~Ikml piJi!iJ¢~,

II

CD ....

,~

IWI1'CIHIING, SECTIION

FMti_~_:EI_~pt,J ... , ~1.U r-V-~~j/:'r, (-~I:t: r,-:""';iI; ~i

• P.III'IIII!'" '!I:" ~·ii?. iIIi'~'~ '!.i!'!I'~'. I!i'" ~L!!f ~ ~~I. e- §l.~~ N. NiTf.'

To P(JWe'f' this timi'lil;g OlrcUiU'i '9 lIoh baul!~ lclips 'weli! S.Qldered nate the Doud. Two macbine II:U.l~t'$ ;amd I:i,U'U~ 'W!ef\C moun:lic:-d I!hlllmu.p lone 'Ind ,of the 'bOl'rd ~o' lcommec~, '~Ihc lbiastme; CI:p '10 the 'timew,. The baUle'iri!~s tiftd IbluU'1q '<:I, :may 'be ;IUad:titd :111, ,1ft'Y It<Iue,mce as the d~gn of the circwt p:lrtcludes, alllY 'power being ,tupp1ied t,o. the.p "[OJe ,the dlnu; 00,' U'Ie; d~iD.fiied 'time pedod, In, ,iidditmfl~, 'II:u:. I:imino nreeess d~ oot, 1~.I.tlrft: umtil

it""'!IIP.-¥ f'!l'>~!I'!. !D ir--'~ 1lil.!"Pi'1~~

the: b~U';£rf" B'I ~ r"nhe$l "[.om the cap po.$*: ~ aUilcbed. t,o tiJi.e c:iJ'C!lJj;l.

The ei.u'.;::u(i'~ ,de$.ig;n ~\i.'\!; fO'1i.I:r p.a!li~'S,; a dmms: o~iilJlno,f:'j, ~, tim~: "c:um,wiU)~'" .II &wiU:;iiliiilB: secuen, !llftdi a dUlll baue-,r)' pow.e'li supplly.. AI eompom,e~rt$ used m U1C' cir'C~dt Q1in be pureha;sc'd .a t mOS,l elect ~(H1j,C s,upply stores.

The t imins oSi¢dJ ~UO r ,~$ sim.ila r to 'the balancr wheel ill ,3, clock. h OO'n:sl5U of S1lnetic~ in te~r,~ t ed e ~rc ul t 0( JC) S:;,s. a,no R.]; R:l! ,and C I" Th~ Ie serves ,[hoe' :s.amie' pU,rp01k is th e ueks of ,il, time 'p,~eI0e'. R,: is '!laf,~ib~~ w~tbhilj iiwm It 5 ;Bind ea.9 b~ used ee adjo$1: d:H!' plJlil$e ra Ie igf !lhl~ ,QsiCn,II:aI[Ii)iF. T.hiis \i!ldjusun¢lu iCor;M<~PQlilld~ ilio' ~he speed .adjll!l:$'Uns, nri~dh.uiJi$m of a ilQ(:k

The ume ~",;.:.~mu·ltI,lOt 15, ~j_fnIhU' '[0 dl;~ ~bt:iin~m 'w,hjC'h gears do.wn ,:iii ¢J~k" I'r ,oonW'u~, Qr ,.If! ftC A ~c.. C D40:!'O'_ ('"2 ~ and R.3. Thr RrA If is :,t, '14 S.13.1iI!: b~Dlrv CQ'U(['U:eil_

P.' Ii1

1m ,1]~r.,;~.nfUJ~_~lh~'$ ,;:ai 'pr'fid;e~t:Jmjrnt!d ii,umber' of' iMpulses, ill pirn lO,. amd prQ~idie!!, 3ln OiJ1.P:ulII:

pl!dsc' Ii},~ PJI~I~ 3-. Whc~ p'~lIiNe,' IS; 11p"pU:ed., C'2' amd 'Rl pro'Yidie ,im 3J~~,orn~n ~C' ~e'SIe'( pijjls~

11,0 p,in 11 im~If.il!1!ig diMe- :lCOt1mIWlbllr ;ihv,ay;~ :$tarts tt ze~o,. bit dw~s dtsitn;,~ tbr; ,ac~;u:miiJ~~U.iQir ~S ¢QUilling d~~ pulses from ttu o.sciltator; ,Anelr; :iii, p,red-=l>tnnitu~d ,numb~f ,of pLdses, have been oount~'! ,he Ie ~ by'pw'lidingii, YOtI • .:1: pin 3~

n--.. . ·1i~'L:· ,.· ..... ·1""'"' ,",A ... AI...;j!;, ~ iii iii. .. '-bll t'- - -- - - - .... · ... -ftIi;&"'"d- fi'Ai'iii; [he: 1ime:

,,"' $,'Wl. :wdng, :;wr""" :1"",,11. : ... ,_'""'~·'U!lO;.,! .r~";"= .... i. '!l:Q ",'~~~; dDl, ,cap on wnl!!l'u;,,!!,:- _,i¥!!~'; " ,": .. ' ,,:

ac:(:~I'atQ;r' ('pim.1 1). ni$ is ijm~ali I'e, 01 aihnim tloe~: sol!J:n~irnl witltiMi t.he hi~l!j,!Ir' bill!lld

;- -,-4 'ii;h-:- -j-....... i>.l!:t 'Io..~'ii'iI~ """WlLa;p--:_ 1h-_", . .;-c"'i_o'in ~.;Ii.tli ,of two "'N·.·S44l'i .. -"'rIi-'-i n r- , 3ind

any ~ e a 31H!! ~ _ U4~I\,iI .... , _.liS __ YV~_ ,!!~~ OJ _ ,"" 7 IrD __ s:tS_or5 _

R.4. ThiS uansistor'S ,ut! lirl:l1.p'd in ,:ill 'power pin, d~$_ip,,, and act as I ~wJtc-h which j,n.., ~MS! ,ciIf'CiUU hi normdly 'off. \Vhe,~ the: tOO'i!' ,lccumHlto,r' ,counti; itO the D,Sip a:tJed n ~mibe[ I

• L.... - !\,,-'~ ~ ... -,;n'l- -Ii ..... 'n. 1i!!I" - 3 .... ·f '-IC~ ~""""'!iO .... ~liE\;lliS 'I;"'~'" 6W"-i- .... 'k 'It ... iIi'ili_ An 'T'it..,~" -__ I'" ~ .. -

l~iJI;'" ,so\cim:at~, '.Vi .ilI- """"~ .. m,,' u. '. I\,,~~ '__ .. 1U:ii._ (,....!, I!II~' IW,!!'\!!~~III! VIII,. ,Un.:c> loomp"e~s

the clr,'(:ujt 'through tM tJJutlq cap,.

ll:u::' ch.:ill biuefY po'W'·!r su:pp~y Is :similu 1:0, !ii, ,clock With 1.\110 main $'Pr.iJ1.~ one which tt.ll~$, th,e ~:ime meth;mi:sm,~ th.e odte:t whicb QU$,'C'i, dte alirm, ~:o' f,iinl:. bll ~bi8 .iSig .. ,;, one; bIU~~ (B':~)I ruiQ thc:' dm~n8: ch'Cu.it~'i and the' O'che:~' ba1:ti!f:}I (B,2) l'Cmli'Tl15 1J.!:l'lI:il,tsed U!ltjl~ the swH en is 'lutn,e:d on Ina nr,es; the blastin,g Clp,;

'VldolUS com,po.ne.llt~ ,of thb Idrcwt IcoliiJd be c'lwl,ged m. value ,Uld Clute the, delay time 'to be u,fC'lWIz from. leu tku. 30 l~Qds t'O thaI eq,ud, rto ,or pater 'thm :the shelf nre of I battery ~

Printed No •. a., 8uildtr

'T'iimedl Dell¥'

ICalcUllftid IDeI.,

.houu.,4· ....... 5; '113 wcand.,

6 hours .. 3; mMIa 5,1'~n(b

1i!i3' ""'11_' o!!I.~ ml'-~""!II .. I .~ •• :!t" ~ : . - .. M-'-'" ".-.,

'!Ii4llii ....ic..

"'~I1!IA,

hnp r o\i'.~se d e.xp'!osiv~ dt'v~ces tEEDs) VI ry in detail: howevt!! r , t he omit de-sian of an y hgn [ ict uat ed [E D .ind.ludes aSi e xp,iosl 'Ie lcmarge., one 0 r more el eel ric iliilUato,rs (b.~dn,g ca:ps,. squibs, :;In~ so en), a P6*'e f :~CH.Hr(;.c. liRd a :p,ho~,oeIKi:r:i\; ,ci:rcu.k.

The p.ltotoeJ~C1.~ic ~i rcuit. wbich ~'(n'J$[;it u~:es the fUlin,g $)f$um i o(Jn~ilns a P:JwI.oeb:"c['rj~ ll:'On~pt)\I!H':n[" ~n a:mpl ifie~'~ an-dl one at mOlt swUmes· mOQfilled 0'1') fiberboard 'O'J a $iJni]tiU' rtsi dl rna m tET iu l.

I.h:IJ ,t:oHu wli.n ~ .;U·~ d~li"i n,it,~O~.~ 0 f pJu),~oel~c;u~c lCiompon,en~':

• :Pho~.ocdl T A resistor w'h.QS-e rrcs:i;l:ance deac3Se.S WH.A ~ to liiht"

• Phoh)d:i!Jd~· Ligb~ a,.;hva.l,es. c:hr: dtode ~ IF ·there is Ii'IO Liglu, ,. h. ,acts U In opem. cifQW.1.~

• Pho'~ ~~ r~11i5il~fOr ., (,~,omp3Jr-e:!li: inl :si!Z! and weBlht te ~ he pli'loittodiode, J~ d'"e'r:s, 'pli"imal'~ly j n i ts se nsj t l'lUy to ligh t. It is ten times more. seMI,tivc than the pnoto<:eU Of the IphotmJitode.

'. LASCR (U,p~, ,AcUv.aI,ed ,Silicon, Conuiollcd Rectifier) . .Liclu e'lUcr:iIII. the- lASCR, J~nerates a sm,lill ,current which, 'trJ.IJlef$· the .stlR.

• S;tll:all"' Cen " GI!~evalcs I~ eh:.c:t.rie .cillC.lIlU Wl!lil!~l exl'-oft!"d! ~o·I.~·~ F i@ur~ 2(;, IS a schernatlc ef a poss1ble de'lfice uling an LASeR.

I

.1

,.

D'ET'ONATOR

-

B.A'TT'ER't

LASeR

STUDENT NOTES

....L

1r-· .... · + .... :-------$.3-, :--........."~~~......,,.~~""'"-""""""'.........., ......... -~ .... - .... - ..... -~

_ _ 41k

,seR

$-2

PHOTOCE,LL

os LAY ARMING OEV1ce

, LAMP

Lega'i.d,~

SCR. ~, S:iI.icon co,nuolk.d ~ctUJl:r

K ~ ~

_,..,., • 0 hms,

,S ,. SwKch.

This IEJ) COlul:s.ted .of an ]] pound explosive charge" two :i-&!r:<Jfld delay ei'!ctrlc blastin,S ,caP'S! and ,a pbOt(JGlectrLc fUDnl, s,ystem with a dG')aycd ,armin;g timer. Two 9 'yob batter.ies s.erv,~d ,as the pi'J"Wt,r supply,

The f~ synem, 'WD rontain.ed. in • wooden box 6· incites, lon,g by 3 inches 'Widrc bY' 1 ~ /4 incli~1 deep~ 11H box was, COYe1'ed with I. crudCly cut white: pl.a,stk' iid~ 'Thte'! $W~tChC5 (twO b1a¢k and one red), a telt bulb i and ;a, v~uu.bJe rm.st()f lW'r-= aU vi:sib-le thr01Jgh holes in the liod. At kast one of the' ICrt.:W,$ ~ri'Jwg the swit ~ was markitd with red pam r, The devjce Wa.$, ~n,f,d to aCCQ·m:lno4Ue' a photocell. T Q UK. the oombe:t would set the desired stnsitiv.ity 0.( the p:b Q~~U by adjusttns, the vJ;rjabl'¢ resister wli,ile' obscmnl the u~~t bulb. The fuzing 5Yllem would be tetted and theo the 'powe-r jOun::e disconnected before cennecting the tXP~ charge. Afleu ~:bl,Y';. it would 'not be Afe' to arm the' fi:ring eircui I unless t.h,e bom,b;H:'r wu wo.:rk'ing in t he dark or :II de':i:ayed :arming device wu, u~d" T~5;ting and. assembly of the delayed artf:!i~g ,of an J ED by the oomb~'r would be done ,IS followi,:

• C.lQ$~ swit ches 2. !1nd .; ,;, B'ulb snould b.~h t.

• Ope'n ~,wjt ches 2 an d J,. DiscOnm!Cl powtt so urce .

• Coanect power Sou rce to delayed arm'ing deVice wh [ch, j;n tum. is con neeted

toO Uglu sen'5;lt ive device,

• Con nect d-e (O:03t 0 r 10. '~~gh t sensl tiv~' dervice and inse rt in to main en arge. .' Sel del-Byed armins dr;vi.ce ~ the reb Y' brea king. the- circuit .

• ' CloiS! switches l. and 3 ~ ~'jt eh ~ is. (rp-li-on.i.i] ,

Wh~ the urne r corn pletes ns cycle. ~!, eon nect 50 the ba j, let It's wi t h [he f u:zl og ~Y's,t em and, the lED is asm ed. Siolbsequen t Iy " w'h;e.n the' photocell ~"5, e'xpo£cc U'l t~gh r. i ~ s

fe;s3&lanc·e decre~, atuJ dte positive voUqe: on the ,pte of the silicon toDunlkd rec~itle:~ €S('R,J jn.en'5eiS·" the SCR d'illDI ,.witd •. a from OFF' to ON;, s-!alppl~ing eleCli'Tic: ,owe r t e ~,h e b la~tjn:s eap,

"~!C ;~he()Jst.a~ 3.,d!j lUi ts :th~ '$'!Asi'lilll',ity of th1e fuzing ,5.y.1if:,an., ,[f [[he St'nsitlYti~.Y (0,[ r,esutllux) is (i.!!'C-rcncd too· 'QUJd1~ the SCR will S",,",iitdi and the ,de;tcu:;:I.ta,· wiD :f:11'f' 'e.veD if the ph.oto~ ~U is nO!, i!:xposed to lipu.

l'~e' ';';:01 rm:Jl 0 Iil.¢ [II ts n_dedl ~o C.O((l&tn!IC1: iii ,pbo~oe~cuilC; fud.n,g. liy.$te.m tarnl be plnc~d ;at fnO:St ele";lr(mtt;; 'I;i'p~y stores. llomb tec:nn:lic~lns sho.".~d be al!crt to the pos$iblllUy Q r ~nl,!uun til! r~li!,g IEDs w'jt,~ th,is l)' pe of (u,z,ing.

,PllQ.U.~te.clriC 'ci.reuiU. !C.all be made 'eYf"ii more :hl.t.ardoU$. by cmnbLftint dK pIun.o~, ~Jcclfie a.r~uil; with ,I Q)ltap$il!l,g re\la¥' Of' tinteT: circuU alild adding tremblH :switcha ~:u 'Ii)~ller' ,:liI11id151 ilrball'lrCf: dt"jf:e'S~ A ptu:noer"1 rie eir,n'l ~ aim! be 11ir3npd to optrate w~.'en the J!ipt is cut off"

STUDENT NOTES

fh!~u ihs:s been ,I :signifiC:lfIi,t ~n,c:rcl's.t in, d~e' lem'p,~oYQ'fU~n:~ 'of ir,a~io centeo i~ied ,e:)!;[pjLo:!ld ~

d . (irJi,';-; I? rl..)' ~,~", I~ .. t ".~w V""',f'C' ''1rb,. I,~,W ",,n;;;:.1: '''''Y!li'·I~'''''1;;, ·Ii~t'u ":I;R.d fl ""'"""ib' iil'I"!'\l' ..,,_f ~m

e'''ll!l~tI'Ii.~,L.L,I;Io :an ':Uno; ~. I~·.: !''''iIIi .. ~, ,Ion·.· 1M : ';'Y~.,,~; 'iii! , ~11j,!I', I!"~,;i '. '8; " " ." ....... ~" f ~ _ ., .. .I.'

p'JQ'Yl1l!rn of ReEDs has. COJuribu'ted 'to this. inerease.

An :RCED has. dl.e foUO'w1n1 cOMpoDtnIS;;, ;a i:~Utr:' 'U\ilij[ a,nd a, rcecie"t'C!~ gnil. Tbe; H·,i!Iln!.I11i!!~:ncJ ~(Uil'll1l$tS, ,0,1 a porwe:r $,uprpJy ~ RF gf:nera:[or, OQI1U,['OJ5I" IiU'iifJ! ami .8!5fIi,te:n:n:i!i, '~n Oiii!P.l' unit i The rcc:'dl'er poI~ion OOJilwt:!. 0'£ ,I ,'I!1;elYe]' module, ,in~ arwtcMI {ooru::tal~d ,or e Xi· PQ$cd). S'Cn'(~ motors (ccndd be ;as few as one, or as ma:ny as six), oil-off switch fo,r receive.r ~ eitChical initiat or! ,I power :s;upply for IitCI!rjw,r. 3,nd po;s.:sib'ly an:other {OJ t,h~ ~n~Uat!OJ. Thit initia,t'cf por:t.ion W'u:&Uy ,CQJiL'ii$ts of 3.'111 ,eic!C:tr,iCl~, i.n:ltiatcn' ~rr. series 'W[d'l a 'po-wer; seueee ~ and ;IJJI Ope:1li ootJl:ta¢~ JIOIitl:t ,which ~s clOKd by the n1OYemeot of a :scrvo , Mkrm,wlitdtes, ar.e fl[t:q~tly U$edL It 1.$ p:wibLe tc use: 'cie<:lwnlt :S.lri~;ching. elimW[1"g 'the' liIud for S-er'Rl mo:wment: teo comph~ die ciu:uit... (To ole l'bis Ilauer method has flol

' .. ~ " :'1 '.iil',.. .. I.'\ ~eJl ",",",1!;11!.II "

The' majo(r c-omrpo,n-cm~' of an RCED' ,i!, Uie' :receirve:r fJ!ini,t,. 11tis, t,mjl :~eceives F,3jdliQ fr~qnell;~Y' (RF) O!;IHUiJ't inte:rp;reu the signal Ind di'~ects m(:l·ve-m!l!n~ of the te'f'V"-O uni,t(:s). The mo'V!,·

. ". -, • .. f' t" h -, • - v""j ') ". t·J;o .. ·_. 1' •• .iIII....Ii t"A, ,,..;h, - j' ircllit to fir-I! 'the de-Ylil'!i!L The-' anterma of th:1!

~n!lo Q" eo ser ... \.s 1.1 .;I;!,'!;rn _'iii! y ...,~o~... .. r:;;. _ _ _.. . . . .... . .

r"cojver modbk may. it;.e in tke form c:t !oo~! 'w:ir~ ,·m 'the :box with tM' receivcr uni1.

In bo'bb:V ~mo:te ,control, wuu.~. 'Ue tran:smitll.ltt' em,its a CI[riCr: SW'-IJ whc.n '00, The' $1lgr:ud bfOldclSit.ed! is det,!'rm:ined by' 1M position, ,of 'the ,~ em I;1H;' IransmiUelL :MQ'v:lnl thre cofl,tfols, directs, the: t,lwlp: in frcqllilnCY that is bc:ing, 'HR1.. 'I'ht chanp' ,lin: si.CJ!A1 is, reec:Md by the lecC:iwl' moiItdc", \lIhi(:h ,m· uun im,telipR"ls il .. , and dired:s SC'l'VO m()~mCm'n' Using a mlRl-:reLay'lt woulid be polSm~' ',0 haw: I deVice 'fURc:tio'~ upo1i1 jO$5, Olr in~~r,r1il!ption of tite $ignal! Ilthouth dus type ,or arTlJlI!mf!Dl hu not bH:n ,en<:ouii,tcred "

ThCfl!' :aJ!!' varl~U$ mdhQcbi ef RCED employment. If used in tlle Ii,inc of sighC" oommand mo'~ i the oombe,r 'will be i;n 'ri$u~ ~ontl\ct wh b. 'the deY1~, and have complcte centeel, B:)' ~i'llg a :s,prin,g .. :load,ed, ctJ:nu'O~ on 1M tra'lUm'iUe,r dmt rcilums 'to, a cenam '~liG11.. tiM .... _, Ii,.... L. .... d iL':_ • Ii. .... :..... 1..1 b d" . '''_",' _" da si I IUVim~f mi:Y I,~W bill:! SW1ICI'" '.!:( ....... I, con u .. c: 'utc:lmJ hiN; 1r.1.n:muUe,' '1:0 'Sen ' ,3 signa

L._ • 'k ., -..... ;1::,..: ....... ," , - -It' 11, ...... ~ ..... .iI, ti..... • - 'Id·· I A'·

tnillil ,Ii ,:et:pr:na tl~' ;U!l!~~ OrCUt[ Open" , ~'Jle~~~~ '''~' UlnmlUiCr WUU_ "!Il:llUI iii. :5,,"3,. ;:'\1'"

:rtcl ing iillt:: ft',ce:iWr to mow the servo~ ,e:I.osID:j; due fbiiftj, cij(;U',i1:. This type' of commal1d) (O'inUOil j'$ ref.emd to, liS 31 ~!'dHd .. n." Jf' the· RCED U: 'Used lA difj' iilfHI1fia:illJ1le¢j miO~e'; ~he' :rece:iver w:et,b the oeXplMivt. is pliluedl in a yeh~de ~ a'n,tj Wfli!!!n il eernes hHO the ra,ns.c of t h! ~ f'.a.l"Is.mht.e-r which .hu been hidden, the device f U:IlttiOrls. n,e' t r'a:nsmitt er could alse be unm:a:n,rted but. transmnt in.Q" I. sl~""'<II;l that eeuld :i..:'"'. kee.,....illo'i;Ci t.h!! flrin~ ":"f - uit 0' - n _ U "n b'~' ~

- . - - . -;.. . .. c - - -C!~ ,'t.'!. . , ., . ~ F·M!~ ,~ - - . - - -" . D .... 1. II;; . • pe" . pC!. _ . a •

t>try decay (!If the U'a;n:sm,iluclt' ~ .i~ Oi)U~d: 'fire tile: d.e-viee.

Tht ,rJd.w ron:tltol dc~ 'uKd, lO diu,e bave :inc]uded 'pi;Pr'S. remote-operated OOR'[ rob, !radw (;'OiI~ rolled aifP~ md. lOY,S;"

Thtr:1! IR a, iilum,H-i' ,of hazards· pre,ent~d by reino,U: com rol. aile of wh:id'l ~ iden I,iifi~ ea Uon, A remote (:011)11101, aJevlCf' 'nIlIY' ~.:. ll;o'incea,leQl;, n'il,iddnl, ~;e'Il~:inc;d ]!i)~ Jj pr'~b~~'rJll, St ray EM R is, a iro ,i!j ha,urdl! 15- any f,ldlO :rem,Qt,!; eon t rol t!t:i!.i ver is $ttSGl!'p~ ib It 1 q S ~ T'JJ y RF ene rgy, The un ce:rlain,l-y as to the location and St.1 t us 0 f the t ni nsm ill ~ r a,nd b~ m b~ r is also a baurd, Not. 'kno'witlg how a ~'!Jspect'e d remote ~O1!l! rol dtvke J:~ b~in:g em}'} I L'l)' Q'd ereates .som1e pr1oble-m$ iJil! :rC'.spo,I1I.'5.e lini~l ,1~1f¥f\!)a~lh to sa id il'Cms."

As, fo~ r!'OOlhmended pfOCedur't.$~ there are 00 coacrete ,an$W~t.s". 'The: baz'aro:s d¢$'Cr'jb~d It.l 1 h¢ p:r.~..;edhlg 'p.aragra,ph -UI'.I'",I'I:':: t!he problem. Shi¢.lding haS! ~~ to be: <:I, ~pu;:;J J sO~ut iOIil. btu- at is· not, rt,aUy' pan of ~,he sol,u[ion bo~ ~~tb~i' ~ompolllnds the problem.

Shielding .a n ReED may ve ry well cause the dev.ic-e to funetten, as the ·lT~~$.m±S:slon signal h altere d whHe a pp:lying t.h,~· mi~ld" Elim inat:ion. of (he 5~.sna~ by 'shielding t:(i'ldd ca use a device to funct ion ~f it bas bee1l. d·esigned W oper.a,t,e on l05S of the 't ra'nsmissiQt}.,

The ra dio fre.q uencies dC:5~gnatcd fo,~ pu blic: use are found :in CF R, Pi! tt '9.5 , Subpa rt C. The appm:x:ima. te ranges are: 26 - 2 S. MHZ and 72 ,_ 76 MHZ.

Llsrings e f SOC bullet J n.~ dealin8 with Remot,e Con trol can be fo ~u'! d iJ1 'the appsndix of dl.S handout.

R.AD.IO CaNT ROtl.iED PIP'E BOM:B ..

Radio !.;On'i: ro I le d ! EDs can use any :n'IJ:mbe·~· Qf diffltfen t tyP'!$ .of elect f'Onk s!ndmg an d receivreg s y sterns such as TV tuners, prase door opene I'$!' mod~l airplane: guidance syst ems. and rh e like _ These systems may l'urve moveab~e parts or Im.y be romplet.e~,y elect ronic. The p rindple:s 'Of aperation are b a~i~l1y the same,

rhe control system for the lED (TB 13 -40) WI!i dt!!iigncd to O$e t.h~ remote control

'" d 1 ' f t b"li A b t 1- t- - ... .,.~f;t~Ai - ~ t - . - m - . n - _hi9.':'iIi - -ts a

Q'!: ~ rna:_ e airc m . t , .luomO·l .. e, InIiJ; - OiL. . o"!!~ -i!.:II O.l!· t WQ . __ IJvf ,co~.,~ .... ;.,;.!.!;.,n _. t

t J'.artsm.i ner and a feeeiv.~f. and ,;1 b,ifttery p.ICk. and othel .aoetSSOriH. 'The ·t ransm,Luer W3.S carried by the O'P!ra lor. It had aill tffectlve 1'.a.nge of aoollt 1 mile- ,. The two pipe bomb was, packed in I'll attache case- + The atraehe ease also contained a :receiver t I battery pack (four 1-l/2 volt AA bat tel'les wlfed in ,sl!rie5), an ON/OFF :swit dl!. a servornedtard:am., an d connect ing wires.

A 'l!i'Cr~\i.di,ch was - dded to the sel'VO.mei:h6MtS-;--.- ",,"e ~.ii·)cin. w-- - _: .- .......... ~. ".n fl- -·_·L..b~·lb-:-

.J __ ,....,. . _ _ __ l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , .. _ m. &~~_ <lIII!I'I!'U _1.1 ._D c:onn~,.,..~ ,.",illaiU '!iI.I 5

in one of th-e born os and was glued to the servomechanism $0 tne seno arm would clo"se tb.e $wit ch,

Each pipe consi$ted of a 6 inch len,gth of 2: inch diameter :pIpe., rdled wIth about. threefour! h$ of a pouruJ of sm o'Keless powde-r and CI.pPed at both r:ndl. Heat ~rllted by' the Ilashbui.bs dC't·omU'e:d .and: ·OiD¢ pipe' bo,mb .and knocked the end. .cap off the· .seooRd bomb (which dId not drt,onal'e).

Q

BA.TTIU~:Y .PACiC

F" - . 2-8-- b ... ...J- 11 ......... ' -- -- -...J F-' • - c-' -

.. ~gure. " nfilUlfj' . '_elver ~~ . 1.f"JRg· '. lrcUit;

MIDLA-NCEA DEVI'CE (TIME D,ELAY BV BA,TT'E:AV DECAY).

The' Midhuilider dev,ice (nS~ 29) WIS ,amodun ,device ,CQr:iU.i~"ri,8, fU$i'bJe t,li!lmcDt s,wlb:h~$" 'By IUSWI\S 'lW!O ~~S.ibti; ~JemcfU Ilfmlrt.g, $iWiJtiChe,s;o d11! tiombcil:' w,as :1b1e ~,O C02~S~ ~illliC~ tlus de1l1e'e .lInd C*lrry or S:l~re it, indttmitcl,Y,. h W45 buicall.Y a 'bau'eQ" d~y '11 ring, ,rtrctJj~ with ~,wo' anUdistwb.m~ fe'.lt gfe;J ~U.ft8, of .In ,anliUI,t:rm.i.ool e:ir,cui1: iilnd an 3Qin.i.fl 'mp:IiOS\WlI:¢h.,

r" - ~'I!!II!!!II!'p!I _. __ ._ '-,

- ~ -

•

I

1 .... ' ................ _....-"""11

'NO

~iI""""" .................... """""".- ..... AIift"'I!'!J~ 'CIIJl'¢VIT'

!i!IOfIIiiMUi ¥ ('.IP:!iIiIl~II!iITACif ,_~U'FT .C!IIU1d!lllf'lTCM

~'.' .. '. iI!W'Ii JIi"~_ ...... _ 1iI"'Ii.... .• .::.. .....

r'ifIIIM' ~i7., ~~~ ~.,

An inculent was reported recently :i,nw~.I.'i,I~ng an lED fo.und in. a boobytrapped flight bag. The rED WLIS 1.1, sophlsrlcared de'vi~'e similar in destgn 10, those US!d by terrorist g I'i,)U r:s - Recovered IJ na rrnc d. the dry lee h • rd t.i eomelex elect rteal etreun F:igUfi!' 30 which ~f! ~,! ~LJ~~ an tll i ft ,:I n d an l krpen ~OC ~o:atbl'Fe~ in t;{) m b i na tlen witih co Ua:psl . .n,!1; (tlme-detay J I..: i ! I..: u i as.,

The iuzing .,;on.l~;[led ~:wo ,aih~'I"lliulve circuits connected 1'0 ,8 common detonator: both ci reurt s we rt ~ ~ i' ha lie been OJ nn,e>d by a single actton of I,h,e' perpetrator .aft er the device ,I ~.;J;J, bee r.i pl~!..:!.:"J j n the L:iIi r~et a reu, Once a rmed, lh,t, device was de.signe! d ~,o detcnare as. t"~ ~J t. •. 'fWS:'

• Ins tam a n ei "jou~J y , .i~' L h C" t1J,ph; oag was un.;dp~ed,

• Witl.in" '1/:: minutes. if the night b~g. was lifted,

• WHh~11. ;Jb.H.JJ .30 minutes. .• r I he' devlcl!" was. not oth;erwi~ dtsturbed.

T 1 ~I~ 1 n il.i;,l..I A:rI D~ l:np 'Ptil":C-U u res .. The me tal St uds wh:ich secured the handles of the night b~~ mau c up the ar riling ,~rn tact s fo~ the (uz:e. This, 'pe':rmiu.ed the' bomber to ufely 1.::1rt·~· l.~]I..~ ~ei;'i.,;(: tu rhe li,J.rget .HI!:3 where ii' WllUi to have been armed in place by' th~' simple rnsertlon ~~r iJ. me-til,! T'Ud I'hrough the studs. The me:t.il to meta] contact between 1h~ T od ,;,It'! d 'l he !H uds would ha\!t. shorted l n e' ,armin,S C~UU,3Ct.S. and. completed, the two ~11\~!,J!t s L:Om ain i ng batteries A and B, ~:n d fuses f l aad F 4~ respe.c1:ive.ly'. As tll,ustratN when current from battery A flows thruugh fuse F lithe fUSf: changes from jtJ llQrm.al ptLl'S.i Lion 1~ t II'~ ene rsi~e-d posi.tion :31'1 d alloW'S 'ba,Ue'ry A to cne'rgi,u. relay R~ Similarly t when current from b.lr[Uty B Hows duougb 'f.use~ F4. it cil.ans>!"$ toO' tile: C"lTIrclgized position 11"1 U b4:li~ l~ry a ,~s pl..3,ccd ttl the drcuit wHb telay N F. HO'W'C'ttr, RllY NF is, not entrgi~'ed ar this pain,t betatLiSC' U, cirClli,t ,ill held optn by the~ microswttcb (wblch. ,o,nl:y closes when tn,e' fliglu bas is pi.ek~d u:p ).,

T irn.: Delio:i·Y all IIi An t iu~nl.n~ C±rcui~. 0.., ee battery A has bHn placed in the ci reuit .... 'H h rC'lay R til rou.gh the funct io.nm.,g CJ f fuse f'l,. reb!.)." R, which is 3. ®ubie: pole relay c loses '('I n lie I s R:: and R I _ C ontacts 'R 2 and R I are tn se lies wIth t we additjoJlsl bat t eries ~ (" an J D) '-",,'h ~ch are uscJ t n provide' power [0 the de tonator, w:n en ,relay' R is. energiud ~ il 'il uses ccntacr R~ lo elose pla,cims fuse F 2. in cl r(uit with bat le'rjes. C and D. The functmuning of fuse Fl places bane,ries C and Din etrcun with 'the d~tonato,r and contact R 1.. C Ont3:Ct R 1 is open white "day' R Is ene r~d and thus the ,detonator win N'OT lunuion until relay R de,-energi.l.C:S and cmH.act Rl closes, RdlY R is de'~nergize.d through ei 1 he I Q r t WCll w.,ays.~

• Wh en hill te ~j; A~ h ~',Ii d l ng f,elay R in l he ene r;gjz.ed po~i lio:n runs do"WtL (within 3C min ute S 0. r so] i~ is t'i o Ion ser a ble 1 Q PQwer reb,y R _ Relay R then, becomes, de-ene r.g1.t'_cd. co n ta ct R I closes l' ~nd I,h¢ 'finng oi rcun to the detonator is complete.

• .Ali: an l ropen in i! r eat ure buUt 11"1 t o the zipper 0 r t he tl~ghl haS is also inco rpora ted in the circui l con I,aining b a I te ry A and relay .R- C'onsis:m:i.ng of P1~oL'eS of 'Wire laced thju:Y~h the zipper, the iiJn,tiop~nin! device eenducrs the current from baH.ery A to R~l:JJ)' R., As hH1,~ .!)S the z.a-pper rernams undisturbed, the cirCUli, r-emairlS unbroken:

I,l ~ ;,wc"'o;:; r , 1ft h ~ ,2',jp'p( r is ~ 'IIpei!1eJ '. the d rc Il! t collapses i [Isla 01 aneeusly ~ de-ene rBtz.ins 11..': 1 iJ Y R iJ III J ... ~a L~:SJli g 1. he dc-vi ce h" de I OI"l,iU c' as descrlbed .a beve.

.",milr~'\ Ch,,,;:ui! _ ,An i!litcrn,Llt(;' b~,~~~h}'n'iiI~":; Hi~~~red by :J. microswueh W;J's built into the cireuirry. This ,J!ltiHft circuit W.jjIS J!I!'s,i!£:t'!Ied ~o detonate the: :IED within 3 I r~ m,j.rIUI,(,S ~f 1 he nl~hl' bug was I,a"[ca ..... irh the ,;.!=-rnLllg rod iii. place, Lifting rhe bag would penni] 11l!!':' m~;,.;rnS\i,·,i,TC.b t~~Ll,n$;..t ::dlo.will:g b:lii1":fy e, h) en'e~~i2e relay Sf 1 ~ H,iple pole r~lay '_;"'l~ir;:'h operates contacts N,F i . ~F2. and NF3- Wh'L!n NFJ is closed, it dose's an alternare

~·il'~\ili m, from banery .B, wlidch ictp'!i, ~lalY Nf e·ne'rEJilz:~d. <lh~ lED, win d!·t"\1ilat:~ WII:!lt ~J11 J 1 /2 min.ut ~ !'v.e"n j f t.he nJght b~. is $t·t dow:n !:I8~tn and i h!' m~c:ro$w it c.:h 0 pened, Once the micro~Mtch is closed. ther'e is an ,i:rr'C"er;sibl~' acuon.) Wh,~n, co:nit.a·ct NF 2. b closed, It .. a~low.!j: Ic~rr-eillt 'frlom barteries C ,i~d D to now throlll.81~ :fl!!S~ rF.3l C8IIJSlifil[g d I['(~ assume d~~ Ii:oe!r;gized ·p.')siitio:m,. ~n ~ltl$ po:sidQ~.! fu~~ IF'] pJa~ b~ue;lties C ;I~cl D iin:

(:1'",-.,,,[ w·,rEi t-he .11""10 "-'l-"'- - ..... .:1 -_ '1 ill II"" F" :ro_.-- .,., .. , 'N:·F--·· " -.- .• -. '. - .... ··-'i.1. - - ."

__ r".,lU c· ",_. _. VI!ii' _ ~ 9 or .. ,.u 'QH1, Xiii. ,'II 1. '\..OJh3£, .. ' I rcmaln$ 'Opal W.I:I.III respec~

~:o thl'i clf:cui1 COIl,tamms baul!tI'ie$ C amd . .D .8fi,<l: Ule' ,de'l.Qfi,at.or. R>t.lay-NF f,apid:ly wnMimes

th;e· i!!'nii!'r---:'-- of b3U~ e" ,-- . .jI .oIi.-.- .", :'.':" .. :- .. "." '-. '-_'. '1':-( N"F iIi"- 1( ••.. -, '!rL'., I-I····

-'- -' ---- _ ,-D ' .- -- - """.1 ' :aTl1Ul ue~efJIles,. -elms'lng CWLIC . 1 ~O CI.U~., !UI~ a~ ni~lS:

e!j:~li'CJilI~ -f,om b<artteJii~$; C' amd DI [Q! fl0W' [01 1.he· d~1 Qmiih)r'1 'C:Pi01p]!'~jrn\E!;. the' filrJili\g. clln;:urul:

I'

"

"--I I~----------------~-··'~I

J

~-

I

I

~I

NO

-'.

~'

- i

~ .i_ -"'.

r .-

1M .... I '''''''

SO"-U-ND A"'C"TIV":A"TE'D' D-:,"E"V,I'C'-'E

.' .... ' "," _ .... ~ .. ". ,I - .. ". ~ : I. : _ :_ -!

Thi~ training lid is shown jll$t to 1et y,ou see ,lflIother method of act~tipg a dm'ct that is .a'VaiJabb: to a bomibe;:r. To QW' knowledge: this type .of fiM,1 :syst~m has never bun used.

The irem being ~hp~ ,is a voice ,jl,ct U!t'e-d. re ~ay kit so-,Id by Radio Shad: 1'01' about Sb.,OO.

'PROXIM'ITV ,DEVICES.

Bl ~.,iy C~,pacH ~V~' 'C~.H; uit, This is :iPQth~r ;circuit foun d. in most. bob by sh cps, I t wQric~ nJ L the prlnciplc [,h.iil the human body lets Uk,~ half of ~ ~~it.Qr; the' I) ther half is Con t aineu in the ct1'-I;;'td r. W~,en someoru~ 'i pii.icn (ts Of !,'et1- :ne-,ar the umjt it t rips the ci rc ui'~ a,1 ~J f~Jts. ! h ~ deviee.

,P~~si.ve ~n fr-ll red, Simlhi r to she dO!J'~ o'P~nin,g sen.SOJ units at sQ!pe rmarkets, ,this; type' .jJ.f 'scns.i'n~ 'u(l'vice d~:U~ClS hea~ (rom the body and ~ct.i,v.at~ the ~lrc:u;i ~. Th,;! range is 'i.~ ~ iabie up to handreds of reel d¢pcndjng an, the unit.. Ah:Il1.,ough they are 'Wid¢ly used as ~nt u:l:s.h'>1} det,!~Uon alarm :&Y~lefi'l1'1' they ~uJd j ust as w~n be U$,ed 'to file a de:vict,.

MA' G' :'N" ET'IC: IN" DU"C"TIO'N' '0' E-':V"'t'CE-

._ j'._ :.'.' ,_', '_. ~ .' _ ." ..... _. _ :_ .. : I .. J ",', ~" ~: .,~

Tlus type of $~n5~ng el ('CUll radiates. in eJcctf'Q,"allle'ti~ field" ,Any metallIc object entering thrs ne-!.J di.$'i,(Ht s it ~ a.'u:slng the circuit to ICllv,lte a;n, alarm (or fifin.S, dcrice).

STUDE,N'T NOTES

C:'OMMON SCHEMATtC $VMBO,LS

--

+

1

Ij ~COI'\iN'ECTflO ~lR;e.S

CONN~cfECI WIF!ii$

GROUND

SPST TOGG LiE SW~T'C ... ,

NC 'o-f-:, C~ ..

1'11,0 0-- ~

MICf:IIOSlNlTCH

][1]

~o 'Nt RiEil-A.V

,~(-

RESistOR

VAFU.lSl,E RI,I~llOft {Poifiil,NTION£fE R}

VAAIABI,.E C4P,AQITOR

.I,.~'GMT !;MITT!fIIG (nOOE j L€!b~

'.uJ,rOFtUi$TQR ~"HO'TOC,~ II ~

E Ni'N

,'iII:..u.SIS,TOfl!

"MOTOTFhI,NSis:T OR lNPN]

1.,liI;! H't AC'fi'VA'flE I:) :iCiiR

r-'USU!IL. E E il. E:ME,f;.IT $iW~TCH

CU)tk, AND TIMER ;OEV 1 C£ S

1 .' Cene f'I'l '. T ·t,m1 ,n91 met han 1 sms used to de,ttm,~ ne 'homema ~I! de., tieD

t " ,-'f "i' "d·· ''''' ,.." 0·' ... i~'~ . illii1' e .... t',' iI!'i ;l'!;i 1 t'1,-:r~ ,.,..... 'n!ll"'~"'IWi, 1IIiIIIiiiI·;h!l:nJca 11 v onar ......... ,'nc ~, so' ... J ,,,,"~.ii!I Ii ~" '.... ~', -"', . ~n~ ill iii! I 1'\1 ',-~¥.1iI!~, "W, ' - - ,,, 'iI!"'-. allllill;W

t !me-r"'S . 'T ~ese mec ha n ~ srns ~'ay be, u$,ed to II"" or ff roe ,an e:lp 1011,. .r-

f nce"d i ,Il'-, dey fee.

2' . Def't nit i on ... Any e 5 (,apemen t mec,na'n i Sin S ueh as a met han 1 eli T or if 1 ec;tr'i (11 tel ee k or t t mer. t ha't, f:s emp 1 ely" 1 Ii, a ha Ii ,,"dou'$ (f@v 1 Cf! and is 4e'S1gned' to .m and de'tonAte t,h. device .,t II pr~detem"ned t 1'. • i ndepe:n,dent 0,' "yt't,he'r' ,a,(' t 10n t 'f"5 act ee It Or ,t i'mc'T' d,ev 1 ct, ~

,NOlE : sa S '1 (.11 Y .11 e 1 atl and t lme'f' dey 1 (,1'$ are simp; 1 e and

uS'l to undl!rlu.nd~

N- OT' [ C-,A . -,t,d-r "0, (,·I;.,- .. t,·- ~ ..,.'h;,t, •• t.'·""'h ... .jt ~'I,~ 1 "'c··,k·

, .,', .: wn s _ e, ... . ~. I.tN _ _ _, . 'Iio "'"' 'iI !!iii . <; '!oI' ,iii ..

3" Functfoni," Ana1ys1$ ,:

a ~ C 1 o'C't$ ,I' arm Ie till ted ... _hl,n 1 eal if: 'lee.s .nd ,.,t,ches t1fta'l:, ,opera te b;- 5 p'l" 1"9 tens, i on ,or' WI'. gbt 5 to proy'l de energy to the ."pe;o;

t- ~ .fi;1iI.t.~ ... men 1I!I.t,;1t.,'I1iii~ ~ ':~r~.

. '?!I _

- _'

'-~-

- "

...:.' ~_-

_lfIIIIi¥.dE

--- .......... -- ........................... -~ .................... , ' ........ -_. ,-_ CC'_ .. " ....... _. ........._..,._.,..".,.,.._~

~----~----------.-------- .. ~-.--------------~~-=--------

_ ...... ~ r

(2) IItIrt.l, ..... ,:,.. i,.) (:11 •• ,.

,Ilt' .. ....,~

CC:) 1M,,.,.

[II" Ca,'~ ,.1~lCtrte~ C.) 1.,1.'",.,

MOK~ :UIII8IL ,Mill :., AlII II, IUSElI Il A FIII'_ WncH,~

"1' ':,1.,., ust", 'tM _ ..... IG • .,. or ftrt a 'mw .' NQ •• '

,1·'1-",·' ..... ,: .·'t··n--·· -r ~~., "d~,.aiiIi ,~'Allliilt-' ~, +1·iIiIIU' t:11.- -'_'.~~.

,UIII . U ... liI!' _ -'I!'VV_ ,,,,.-WI ~,IPt!!'_-;il 'IIIIIllt ViiJ.,.. . _ _ _ ",~,iIi;J-~:1

~-

--.

.=,_--

--

1'1)" ....... rlt'.'1'UiIi ,.., Lfti- ....... ~.- .. ~·,' .. ~t.-·: .._ '''-- 'I' ,t,·~

~ _., _ 1,: _yt"'4!II! _ ~ .- - ¥"I!I .~if'CI' "I'!f ~..,.~.. ~~'~,'._ YI'C ~,... II _ ....

l;'I'7.h!1 ., 1M clod. t,t CCIIiIIP,.'&e1 ..... ltc,trial, ct'rodt elltS'tlll t'hl

1.'-, ... '-:'-,.,-IftA;, -

~ ~ 1I, ...... "'IIi~~

-

(2) "',it te T"'1aJ s tequ ired .' ,'a) C.] o(,le

(b) :Power' source to operate 'c. tock.~ (c) Wi re ~

( d ) Sa't,te ry to "1 re the 1 tem ~ (e) £ ~tc:trt( ,cap.

(f) t,xp'l os i ViiS.

C • . COllb,1: lilt t OR hind Ind .• '1," .'f Ad ~.ndl e ~ a,' U$. t ng the. .

. .........._ - ,·t·t ·'f· ...... sere. ·1. t''_ c,....,1···1 .... _..... It!Ii(l ·_· .. 1fl ...... ,. . -fl_.I C.1,III!IIUlna~ on 0, WIS." ' !I,,: ~ .• J .!WiII!'.. _"INa" .. ~L .!1IIoII'U ,~I ''''' "'1II1f1i1!11

h~'ndl e '5.1 tell ~ 1 neret'5 es t.he boInbe'-r('$} "",oM'l .. feta 'when hlnd11 ng or tranSlOf't'i ng the devi te ~ Th't S 1110' ',",,1,dI. '. .'11.1 1M could Idd I"

• nnt n'g· e 1 f'Cui t '.

.. ~--- .

.' - .II!

---- ... .,

. ail

'" >Ii.. ._ ... _&

-

( ~ 1 Doe'ri t 1 on ;I; 'By ,us' 1 'n, the ~t ".t t,O" of hinds 'fft SIP 1" l1li t t.h, the 41 a rm wi 1"I,d, ha !'!I,d 1 e $_i ee h I,n .mti I\'g I n4 f i r'1"g 'C 1 regi t, 1 's eons t r~ c ted ~ T'he: mod i 1 i ed toY" ope'. \1'$ b, tlil r,'''1 the 'tii:ndS or' the a,1: a, rm .'i no hand 1 eli"" the c 1 ritu1 t • ..,d ,thin ~. v'1!ftg 1,1 t tU!'r the H"" -or

1! 1 II rm wi nd h.'nd 1. "U$e the 1 ten t,o fuftC't t,Oft. Not 1 Ct that the _d1 f 1 eel typ e ute'l 8,n a t ant w1"4 Mn.d,l I' '. ~ ttl ft .. ~conduct 1 VI' milt ter1.a 1 a t:u'ched to, the' hlndl e'. An t"$ul,lted. '.1t. l.ttnd:S f,.. 'thl hlnd'Ie a.nd 1 s ~:"'ef!ted t-e't,ween a $,et 0" sf)f'1n,g contlcts. ......" the I'llm gOli!5 ,of" f't plil"" the ~ f'!I:S U 1 a ted ma, t,e r ta, 1 frorr. be't •• 'en tl"l,e s.p ro'f ti'g tont at t,s C ~ oS ,t n9 t;ht 1 ttm to arm or 'fiJ'nct 1 on t depe-nd'h19 o:ft how it was Stt:up ~

(2) Ma'teri a,ls ~

( iJ' ) c.l. oc k ~

(bl Ila t te't)' ~

(() Wi re.

- "_ IIiii!I!"'A"" _ _ z.- .. _-

(,1 ( fll (9)

Clothe's pi",.

if' ~ C loct U$ t,ng .. t n s'prtftl '$ "'1 r't nt .1 tch ,ar ,.'mt1\9 swf kb ..

Ut'iiiT'[' ~.II~ ~;-I'.' ~ '~D~'D'I _"'l' ~K .&Vi .,' 'il~~',n

!I"IU11, • I'I!ttI,1 ;jI'rR" ' VII!!~~" '\!I, \nIi_, "'" II ",;II ... ~UI'iII'

(," ) .". t i~ '.. ""''" e 1.0C'" 'f I set ~ 1_ t, ts. wouftd _ to apera te for

t'~ , -a ,;i _:IHJ ,iiI;IMiI!IIU.. ...f' t- --1'" Th' '1- I,' ftM1 fWlII Ull!ioli'~, ''''''1' I"S '''''''e ;, ,1!!I.j!;" 'N""'" ~ ...

r1e ,,~," .I~ ...- •• ,.,. _ ~ .. ·'~!I!i!11! _". r'~ . "''''::I .,m; l~t-iIri!iI' ._ .: '.:I~I ' -!'-i,il·W'-l. I' ·IIIiIJII~' ... ~N

!~n ~ it IbiS IUI!IIlIOVfMS 'tD ".hI e.ten" tJhat lb, IIPtjollng (Ion:wc tsl' 'the to't t lUSH

,I",i!i' n .. ,'""t iII!j;",,' '~:"'" I-"I,~·t'r-i!l-I!i;i.'~ ~t""U':fi :t, ,t'-~· :A~'II#A 'f. I-'~ "'i'illi ft", .......

. ~ row!!!!;. VI I~I!.", .. _.~._ . ;,~ .'1' ,.. _ 'IP1iI!.. . _:rlR; \I.:;., ,.~ .... 1"iIIII;\iIi _., - ·.Vjl~

&

!'tQ,-_'TE: fM! BCfI;ERI S )-::: S'UA~ LY TAKE'S THi CL~t WR?<.S' '001':,' THE- -~-,-: '1-

_ _ _ '_ ", U, __ L _ _ _ _' y;,o, _, __ _ ,_ 0 "_ tA;Sf: _ [)

,A,tC_L 11M THIS S,tTUP' ~

It 2" IM'terN 1-5 f\OQut 'red 'I' C." £1 GCk,~

U.') Iktt,e'ry",

(e) Mire,;,

lei) It.p ... · '11 ,t(;trtc ..

(e') [~:p':os1,'II@ (f) 801 tor' sc,rew to use II centlc,ts ~

-_ ......... _ ......... _ ......... _ .................... _-----"""""',..,.._,

--- -!I!II!I!"~

f ~ T ~ met dev't te (cculne'rc '1 a,l) - T i inert tome f n a s sorted Ii zes lind -dIllY'S and I're fou nd t n o'n~ 's na pe '0 1"' aJ~Qthe'" 'n mos t h'omes ~ T ~ey may be mec'han1c'al or e'lectri,c'al.

- ~ ~ .oiIii_"." iio.!!I]

{1} Operr't ion,~ One ."t'N is attached to eac,h s 1 de O'f iii t 1 mer sw. t ten ,or ,,1 ug rlcepta,t 1. e t When 1 et t 1. ".s " ,I'Pled ,t con ti'C ts J,re

,C 1 osed elus i 'ng the 1 tel to 'unc't t on i

(2' ~'teti I~ 5 ~ <.). rimer.

( b) 'Ba t'tery ~

(c') lW1 re '.

(d 1 :E l ee'trt, el,'~ (e) Exp'los i yes i

~.-- -- --~-

j~!ZLZE._ - _-.i!!!I!! - __

IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVES

1 ~ General

Tlh e 1 n f 0 rtna t 1 en 1 n ttl 1 s hl'nd 0 ut 1 s 1 nt.end.eel to p ro'w 1 de you '1 the bomb te'chn'i e tan, 'wi ttl ·the ,cotrq)o'$ 1, t ton o'f some 1,mp~ov1 sed exp" 0'51 ves tha,t hay',. been manufactured by IJ',ar1oU$ 1nd1,v1duals or gro'u.p's. in the past.

wa~rRtng

Th e m1 x 1 ng c,f any 1,mp roy 1 sed e,x,p 1 'os' 1 ye' by a n:y' met hQld i s e on s 1 de red to be dan ge' reus ; 'the'ref G're -; , t 1 s rec'onmended. tha t any mi x 1 ng be d o'ne ta Ie, i n,g extreme p r'leca,ut 1! on!$, •

2 . T'ype S o'f I,rftp re v 1 s td [,xp 1 ,0$1 ves

'. ~ 81 ae k PoWde'r It SIioke 1 es s P'M e r ( 1 ) B 1 ae Ie, Powde r' M" I,tu re's

C OJI1I)'on.nt

N1xtu,rt

Pota 5 S 1 uti N 1 t r.,te

'1~f.

I;;; ;,

I" .r ,,, I~

If f'ItF?p7

"O~ I rl'f~/7

f_PA~ l/?JR.r·

Charc,oal fJlJJ1?ef( <:SUl phur

( Dextti ne (opt" ona1 ~ CO!2lVFI.IXU£/Z.

(2) Smo,ke 1 'SS IM1 xturts

( a ) C ompone'nt.

Pota,'&sium Nitrate'

Cha'reoa1

311 '1:~ I

Anmon 1 um N 1 t,ra te

Potassiu~ Nitrate

M1xt,u,re .£'0: j·I 7'· 'i'

i J,.. fl

'E7tI I,

=~ ZE&2

{-LJ~'··

... :. ._'.~

."..- ". If'

6.
,
"
,
I
,I
,I
1 "
9~ Hi x_1 Ag_ ~,t'h_od for B 1 ae k, :PoWde-r 1. Ory mix appropriate amounts of 1ngred1~nts 11sted~

2' Add wa'ter until '~n9~ed!1ents irre d,1 $solved,~

3 ~ Hea,t 1't1x,ture unt,11 small bubbles fonn~

C -'VI I ON : Do n at bo 1.1 111 xtu re ~ Be $:U re ill til1 xtu re stays wet ~

4,. Pour ra1,l(,ture into ,alcohol and let stand for' a.bout 5 m1nu .. tes,

5. Pour m1xtu're into cloth and s,train liquid ,-Dut ..

POll r' damp m 1 xtu re onto a, sui, tab 1 e $; e r'een & 9 rad u 1 a te j);,y rubb 1 n g' through sc re,tn ..

NOTE: = I f 'I ranu 1 a tied 'Pi rt '1 C,l es a:pptl r to s t 1 e k t1oget,he rand c,tta,nge

shape I retOld) 1 ne I; repea,t step'S 5 '. ".

Spread granulated powder out \n a layer about 1.l2· 'thick and let dry.

D ry1 ng s,ti'ou 1 d ,be ae comp 11 s h eel 1i n abou't on e neu r 10' rh" 1 ongt'r ,tb,e

d,ry1 ng t1... the' '1 ess !'ffect 1 v'~' the m,1 xture ...

,b. ,AmOnia T'r'i-iod1de

Hi,x1ng Method fo" ArBon1a Tri .... 1od1de

i. Pour 1/2 cu:p of aqueous a . .non1a 1nt,o a g145'S or st~l'rof'oa. cup.,

2 t Mltl.:s u're 2: teas paons of' 1 od 1 n,1 C rys t,l, 1 S 1 nto -BlIJI1On 1 ,I.,

3. Pour ,mixture into s,econd gla,s's er styrofoam container with gauze

bandag es oyer 1 t . Ttl" gau ze wi'11 f 11 te r- 11 iii u1 ,d and " 'e,. Y'I' the

a,ct1 v'I'ted 1 ad 1n,e e rysta 1 s behi nd ~

4 ~ ,Ca ref u 1 1 y t rans 'f e r Itt 1: \I,a ted e rys,ta " s to surf It II! arc Dnta '\ ner, When, d'ry t.he e rys ta 15 • re ext reme'1 '!I sen s 1 t t VI' and 1M Y' ex:p lode s ponti" eo'us 1 y •

c • Perchlorate M1 xtures

" l ) C omt.)'o·nent

(,a.). Potas.s 1 um pe'r'ch 1 erate

(b) All U'l1,.1 nrm dus t

Mixt.ure

~ ... I ~/·

Zoi-

(.2) Component

Ca) Potas'S,1um perchlora.t.e

(b) Iron dUist

( 3) COIIJ)on'ent.

(a) Potass1um percblorate ( b) Potass'1 UII n .. 1·trate

(c') S,ulfur

(d) Charcoal d'u't

(e) Red Glum

&_() ~I

- ;;,' I~ _

JI ~ ." ~o_::: _

&8J~ kmgr

%PAt!f

"'ar7- -

I,..",p:r

HI _ f!l:trz:r

ocn 'O~O_J.J.n&J j 14 .- mC"~·-" ta (' - tctrJff:e /))1111

~"V rnf/7r-rIV~7 ... ~"_ .. 'Vi.. . ~ ' ..

AIIZ ~ PO NOT CtJlJrv§£ ,WItH YEUlJI<J O~ tvHI1& PH0'7PIIO~' (WNlC# 8tmf, IGNl1E (PItH ,AIR) ~ PO ,AJor Rir REP Pl'OSP#O/<.1h (l1J{Jef2. Wff1CR; rr MU f}u(W? IIEItr IWO f!26~r<e~

Mix.i,ng Method for PotBss·1um Perch1,ora.te Mixtures

A d,ry exp,losive m'1xture (·an be _de from potass1urI perChlo'rate COlt--bf'ned with ingr'ed1·'ents S.hiown in ,handout.

1. Pul:ver1ze pc:tas.s1.um 'plrchlo·ira·te into a f1.ne powder~

2. Mea'suN appropriate 8110unts of 1.n·g~ed1ents ,and pour 1nt,o a Mixing container.

Ii Mix 1ngre-d,1ents well with a wood'en r,od~

d. Chlorate Mixtures

( , ) Compon,ent M1 xtu re

(I) Potass1U11 Chlorate . '50'1,

(b) Sugar; S .. lfur er Charc.oJ"" ·~~l ( 2) Comp,onent

Pot. s s 1 VI Ch lor,. te Petrol eU1l1 Je "1 y.

(.3) Compo'n en·t

( a) Pota, s s 1 UII C.h 1 0 rat,1" (b) Antimony Sul f'ide (c) Sulfur

Cd) Red Phosphorus

1~

~""·~f-?

~ 1$1(,

I mil,

NOTE: ln1s is an extremely se'ns1t1ve m1xtur·e· du·e te ttle use of' red ph,osphor'u'S. ~ t'herefore-. 1,t 1 s not rec, __ 'oded that 1 t be 'u.sed.

(4) Component

(a) Sodium Chlorate (b) Shellac

c( '5). Ccmponen,t

(8.) Sodium Chlorate (b) Aluminum Powder'

'2f1!8.C4J IPA/l.'f"

1fPA~~ , 1~lZr

N1.x 1 ns Ke'thod for Cb lcrate M1 xtures 1., Pulv,er'l Z,@ the chlorate into a f1ne powder-~

2 ,~ Mea s ill re ap'p rop 'r 1, a t,e 1 n9 red lin ts 1, nto a C on'ta 1 "e r i'n,d, m,1 x t.ho ro ugt. " y .

e ~ Nitrate Mi xtures

C,omponent

Mixture 5txl

&::Ai" I ;".J o I,

Sod'1um N1'tra,te R.ed Pho$,phorU5,

fbrA~um CIIU/lA 1E

lh1 s is an [extreme"y hazardou's sut-stant" 'to' m,1x~

SUD$ tit u't 1 ng Pota's s 1 UI'i C h 1 0 r'att 'f 0 r SOd 1 urn H 1 t,r,. te wi,11 1 ftC :rea 5 e s ens 1 t 1 vi t.y' ,; 'the ,.[ef 0 roe I' . pota s 5 '1 iUlI e h 1 or'l te !lUi t . be 'w.et when

1I',xed,~ PbrA"*'VW1 I~ /tUhiii Af,'~il;IlJ£Ilrut A? rNT:

I t ;' t' r ,_ t ' , - .... d + .... "!Iit the above, _' b' :,',e': IM,·_'t_, ,W'_ '-_6, _ iiIII, U, n_ ' __ ' 11;5:5 1 ,t can be

,-,'~,:S 'no _'e'_ ~n\li",U;Q., . !I!II!I ~ .. '!II!

accornp,11,shed remote1:tI'~

NOTE 1:

N~DrE 2~

NOTE- "!:II,,""

, 'I ~~

COl'I$one nt,

AtiDOn 1 UII N 1 tr'a te

lIiIIi-·t·r' e' ".x, 1:1,:

A 1. um1 num, Powd e r

'" ~ / _ ~ -,i"~

Comp-' a-ne--n*'

-._ '_ .. :. ,_._ . I ~

Mi,xture

PA~-"-

. . : .. _ :- :

L/ 1f4,f!17b l Plltzr

Compone'nt AImOn1um Nitra,te

Mixture

?OFl4~

,(§ RJ-~ 1.. Fl41l.T?

-- '

PDtas's, i urn Ni trate

Charcoal

~ Jfur ~u ...

#PJt4Il.p:;,

,,,, t:M,~, '~r-"~t'?

, ' ,

Dextrine

M1 x 1 'ng Me thad 'f 0 r 0 r)' H'1 t'rl te M1 xt u res 1 ~ Pu', ve r1.ze, the n 1 tra te 1 nto a f ., ne pow. r f'D'nI ~

2,. M' x, 1 ng t'ed 'i'eAt $ 1 nto a pp rop r'1i a te rI' xtu r'e ~,

3. These.1 xtures should b,e used. 1'$ seen as poss i,blot as th" nit rate will aese rb ,mo 1 s tu re and wea,k,en 'the m:i xtu: re •

Component

AnIno:n i urn "ttr'ate

M1xtu:re

Fuel 011

I PIA!(

FERTILIZER EXPLOSIVE

An explos,1ve mun1t1,on cln be _de from fen"1zer grid, illlllOn1U11 'n1- tra te and e,1 't'hil' r 'f ae 1 011 or a ., xtu re of equl' PI rt,s of mot"o roil and Vasa 11 ne !! Wben 'p rop'.rl:y p repa red t th 1 s ex'p 1 o's 1; ve MU,n 1 t t on can be deto'Rated wi t,'h, I b 1 as t 11 n9 cap f'

f '. Spec;" I 1 COJapos, 1 t 1 on s

( 1 ) ICompon,ent

( i ) P'ota's S t 'WI P,e rilangana te (b) A 1 url1 num powd,er

(c) Gl 'fcer1 n

( 2) C,.a n ent

( a ) Ben,z:oy 1 Pe roo x , d eo "PI ,!{D 01

NOTE: Used alonei; wne,nJ heated 'w1'l' fonn toxic fumes and explos,1ve' gases.

1,.J...8'7

II r Q ,~,~~

,T"" ., -

IL J d' rr;~~

........ .

( :3 ) CQllPo:n e nt

,AJ {O "dlJ"C." (a) HexamecthylenetetJ'I!IIine (CJI,J" ;J,.J

U~I i$6'vlll~ . 7

~~ .. r ...•... ' . (,b) N'itr1c Ac1d

(e ), Ac etone

IDX 1 $I a powe· r't ullb:r 1 s,l.n t h 19 h exp los t ye tn:B t can be made· f r,om btxa .... llIetby 1 elletetrcarli In. ,and s t.r'OiII I 'f t'r'l C ae ·tld ,~

IIIiiIATE'R 'Ii' ' [n'I!II-"IDE- f1i,

~ _'. " . .Il.AlS R '';'~ ,ft. 'V,:

l!Ii'i!"'U'fsto res IIIrad e r n.rIt 5 0" urot ro.", ., 1 ne. h exami n 'j .ttle-nami n'. ji. et c .

Strong nitric acid (dt 1.50) Ac,etone

wt t gll1, ng' sea 1 e w'tb at. 1 e •. s,t. g'rall ae ('UJfl:ty or III illS ur·1, nrt S ;Dormls, ' ,

'Gra,due.ted ey11 nde r (ee or ml) or me,. S iii r t ng lelup's

ThelllCGleter 20·, ... 100· ,C .~.. o'r 6'-'-212- f" Seve ra 1: 18 rge' qua rt t:ann' II, j Irs

Two large ba'5.1fts er 'bowls rude' o'f n:tll: or ,otlbleir s '1 11111 ,I r rna tJe'r1 a 1 tille t c. n be beated

P· R- 'o~·C-:'E· D~' ·un E •

- 1 '_' _ !I!\ . :!I

'a;p.r towel,s.

'~" Plaice 1/2 ,c!U'p~ 12.0 ml Orr ee ,of' nitric · •. c"d in Ii 'large canning jar .'Rd bring 'the t,etlPerature to be-'

t 20° A 30· C 1~8:· ~~. F )

w'een .. / , ' a,nUl -'. f' \, U .,' '~liiIIlg' ~

by putt'1ng ttie' .lair in a ba!s1iRl of CO~d water. If nec'8'sslry" sw1 rl the canning jar around the'basin of C 10 1 d lwa tie r te· ,b r 1 ng ·the 'tem,l)e ra tu re down~ wh'11. be"ng care'f,ul _ not to

a l' l.ftLI a n u i.j~.t- "e- ,r' te s·n.·l,.' ~,h 1·' n .te th-

I.VW " ,~ !IIna 1,,1 • V . II' ~ ._1, _~-

ac.1d.,

NOl'E: Ma1nta in the' thermometer 'in the, ae1.d throughou.t. the react ten ..t.1i1e ca refu'l'l y noti n9 and (:ontro 111 ng' t.tle tenrpe"rature' _ by a 1 t'.rnat,1 fig ttl:. jilt !be'tween tit. e b.a·51 n ,0" ce 1 d WI tre r ,lind the Iba s 11m IDf hlcrt IWI.te'r ,. The 'tlh,e nnoime't:er (·an be lused a'S ,8 $,t.1rr1ng rod tf ·the $,(!"lut,'lon 'is gently ·$ttrred.~

2. we1 gh or llel.su,re out 70 g rams· by we1 gh,t t! 18 t.easp,oon·'S by v,o 1 ume·t of the hexa'm1 n! and start. add1 ng the sal t -11 k e he x.ami ne s , owl y ~ 1/2 teaseeen a.t a t.ime j] dur1 ng a 15 m'1nute t'ime period ~ Maintain the tempe ra tu re b,etwe en 20· and 3'D'~ C ~ Wh1'le st1:rring 'gently with ·the tb'e:raome t t r " cen t ro I the t.empe ra ""' tu,,! by d 1 ppi ng the cann1'ng jar 1 n and out ·of the bas hll f 111 e·d wi t.h cold wttet~

3 ~ Wh,en a' 1 of the hexami ne 1 s (1'1 $so1ved in tile a.c1d. 'heat the· s.o1ut10n to SSG C~ (131· F.) by plae1ng the '.Inni ng ja-r"1 n a ba.'$ i'n of h.ot

. . - ,t_-·· e· " . "',"1! nt,a 1 n ·t·, hi s temne ra ture

WI r. f"IAi!! __ . _ , __ t"

f'or about "·0 mt nut.'e·$; ,..

4 ~ Afte-r helti ng' the, :so lutlon 'for ',0 m'nutes. remove the clnn'1ng jar frOil th:e b«'sin of hot wa.te'r and pl:ace 1 t 1 n ·thle 'bas'1 n of cO,ld vater. ·Coo 1 the e ann i'ng j a r to 20G

C ( £.8-" F'- )

., .... u::' ... :

5 ~ When the telJl)·e ra t!U rt· 111.:5 re.ac hed

20· C .• add 3 cups (750 ml) of cold W8'te r to th e $,0'" ut ion I'nd a wh 1 te S·Si 1 t 'w111 appe·a r ~.

CAUl.ION=. The white prec 1p·1tated salt 1s RUK explosive and sbould be h·G n Cl ,. ,I·d wt ttl C.8, re from th 1 s pO'1 nt on ..

6. ~11te'r the ae1d/,wate'r/RDX se lut ton tihroug'tJ a paper towel cov'eri ng ·the

mout.h o'f another j ar'~

7 ~ Wa's h the RDX e rysta 1 s ·(>f'f of t'tle pa'per towe·1 ·and '1 nto a. (ann1 n9 jar t us'} n.g a~ ad'd.i tiona 1: 3 cup'S of fre'sh!i eo 1<1. water,~ Ad,d a t.eas1)oon c·f 's,ad 1 um ca rbonats to neutr,a.li teo t.he ae td and st 1 r' rap1'(1 1 y fo·-r 2 to :3 m1nutes. then filter again.

S.. The etude product can bG' dried out on the pap'e'r t·owel f1"t,er;; It 'is s u1 tab 1 e fOt fa 1 r'1!y 1:nned i,at.e use, or 1 t can be p·ur'i. f i ed.

9! To pur1'fy RDI., 'fill a 'Quart canning .Jar 21'3 full of acetone.. Heat th .• • 'cetone by pla,t 1 ng the j I.r 1 n ,a ba.s 1 c a,' hot sinnertn,g WI ter , t.ha.n add

RID,K" a ta!b 1 es p,oo:n at I 't ',Irae. ulnt' 1 1 t IC[omP 1 'ete 1 y id 1 s $,[1) 1 '\"·e:5 t n th[e ace·tone ..

1 O,~ After the 1111 t 1IttI'i. arlO'unt of R,Pl l1as be'en, d 1 s 5 I) 1 ved 1 nto ·the hot Ic:e'" 'tone' .. a:11Iow' the' soluti'Q,n to' 'cool tOi 'rooml tenq)e'r·lltu're. then, le1: stand: for one more hOLi.r'~

11., Tbe ,RIUX [wi 11 f Olrftl ,i $,11 t o'nee .·g,.1:n 'ii F 11 t,.!r 't,ile lOX and splread t t O:liIt

t"O·· d· Pi,' ·on a' IWIip',er ·t.' ~"II ·a· ~ ·b· "e: If' '0·' ~

. .... . pw., ...... ~I ",. _.' . I'~'"

'12", The pur1f1ed ROX should be stOred in a clean, cann1'ng jlr witb .. ttg!ht

f'1tt1ag l~d 'i' .It. (:0.11 be stored for ·lftOnthls w·1!thOtUlt l0'55, elf effee: ....

1: l' v,ne's s '.

HOTE: IR O.X t·s Inot, too :5 en's 1. t t ve to b,ea t ,lind "hO,t at '. b llI't t :1 fa 1 r1., :lea's'ltift to fr'tc·tto:n,. Care. s,ho.lel ·there'fo'A De elJerclsed wen the explost¥t is ·to be pac ked or WIlen the dry e.xp 10'$ '·ye t s bandled. 0$1 fir the ..,..nts of cll .. 1c.als 11.sted in 'tb's Irtic:le., the y1.1C1! 0,' OX s·hould De a.bOat, '1 1/2' ounc:.~s.

, I Keta.l, 11 c' e OIIIPO s 1 t'i on s

.('1) Sodt. - soft WA'ttl' .. tal

HOTE::' Reacts violently w1tb. wa.t .• e, Ha, bee .. used with ,.'1c1U11 car().il!d. 1'n 8 ge'lat,'~ln clPsule'A Used by d.ropp1ng '.n. las ta,nt,s.. The capsul •• lt$, rele·a,$,"ngl ·the c'allc:1lum ca: rbl11 de' "nito[ Nat .• 'f 1111 tank Which ,rodule.I's. ecet.J;lle.e gl s .~ The sod' i UII ex p 1 ode·s uponl e ant. e t wi th water' I' .

(,2) Pulv1er1,zed I"etal's ....

Used as fue'l's w't,h 0.1 td t zers and 'tend,s to. inc,rease tbe U. per:.tu re o,f ,,'xp los 1 we s ubstante ,:. t1 ng 1 t IlION Itr1 SI.At ~

h. Gas Mixtu'r'es -.

(.1) liqu'-d

(a) Camponent

N·t t r·cmtethen e AQ·u.e·ou s AlllfJCl'n 1, a

Mtxture I c.At..~

!PINt

,"'/.Jt .• I./!..QJl~ Af.1 ~.d H' JnnA.A.C..&I~D/lIt/)r A LV, I 116

Iie&Itil! ~ ~ """~ : ."~ rc;.~·~. vc LTJr-' <' .

~/A'1NJ:' """/J':Y"A':' ~:: .. ,.'. 'JIJ. ~:: .. '.'

Y~'lAVn, ..' .. ~L.'A.. ",'.

. .', . ': '" . '. . '. '. T~ 'Ciii" . ~ ~

A, '11 qu 1 d exp 1 ,0$1 'f'e'ii' 'that f,t$ellb,l es water 1 n a,ppea :ra,nc e it can be made from n' ,t rotIIethane' and aQ'ueous aJI'IIOnl1. ('ho,u!s,eho l' d g 1 a:$ S C 1 'e'i.ne'r), " T':b 1 s lhlJu 1 d: ex:p 1 0,$1 'Ie 15, 22 'to 24, pe re ent GIO're power f: U ~ than 11111 ta ry r. N ~ t ~ ii, and ean be de't:ona,ted w',lthl a s,ta,nd!i,rd bla,s,t:1 flI9 cap;,;, ,Move'ver't, tOI 8!c:h1 eve max1mum velo'c'1ty" a, c,omp'ound deto,:nat-or $,'ho,u'ld ,b'e used ~

MAlERJAL R,EQUI RED:

SOURC£S~

!Clhem" cs 'l: su:pp l:y house or hobby

steres (rae: 'I ,ng fue 1 )

AqveoU$ • ..ani. (non-detergent) Melstlllr'1i:ng tOfilta,1 ne'ro' (:(1111)'. p;i nit '.' gal 1108~, ete t')

B,' 15\'1 ng C,IP or ,compound, <letona,tor

PROCEDURE:

NOR: 111 trc.etl'iaM t s • tot_nl chellt".l, ft •• eM.. and under Rcn_1 (,ond 1~ t,1ons cannot D. _de to detonate even 1 'f I stront' detoaat,or t 5 used,. lowever'. 11 f terta 1lJ1 BIROn 11,-(0Itl,1, n 1 ng c,orapounds - ( calledi s,ens, t t'i1 ze,.s )1 are addedl 1 n 5 • .1·1 :perc:enteg'ts, .' tMilen aUt, $,.nl$,1 t 1i ,zedl ,n t t rGIIethlAe can be - dle,tona,ted wi tti a s tanda rd No.. • b 1 .'S t 1 ng CI,P ~ The most ~t,ld t 1 y a '1'11 1 .,b 1 e sen,,,, $,1 t 1 ze r 1 s C OfiIDOR ha use bold gl.'s s e lea ne r (aq U "U'S iIIIIIOn 1.1) ~

·To Iplrod u!c1e t~e lexp 1051 ye ;t s 11Il10 1 y po,u:r 'the sens 1 t t Zle,r '1 nte 'tht n 1, tlronteftlii,lAt and 1II1:x tlt\o,roug:h: 1 y '. Olle' ... ha'l f. . pi :nt s ens 1 t i .'r w't'll sens'1 t,t I.e one' ga '11 on 0" nit,r,omethane .. ,-

:3 '. ,A'V,A J, lAJB· I ILl TY •

a~, CI1ell1ca 1 Su;pp,', 't COIApan11es ~ b .' D rug' Store 4'

d '. HI rdwa re S to' re' •

e ," PI,1 n t St.o,re ~

f. Fuel Oil Supp'1er~ ,'~ M'1 ni'ng Operat i,ons ~

4:. USES Of !MPR:,OVISED MATERJA,L.S.

a ~ subst 1 tut'e explo'S'i'ves by leg1 t1mate.. federa 11 y 11 tensed orglntza~

t1ons~ - -

b ~ IC,OMne rc 1 a 1 'f S Ie 1'100 t. II nd 'I) r1 va te , ;a,borato r i e S iI PO'S, Sf", S 1 On 0 f flO st

of t,he mate'ri,als are 'legal. un1e'ss l' lltgal interest 1 s p'roven~ G,un enth'U $1 e, s t s U s e nli t ra te' 181 xe's, to I'M k e the 1 r own b 1 ac;,k. p'Owd e r ~

,C; ,t C" an:dest1 ne operat:1on$ -. The a,Y',a 11 a,bili ty' of the'se raa ter1 a ts 'male them p'op,ular with subyersive gr10ups ~ Ge:ne'ral1y. the m1x1,ng of' the mat.e r'1 a 1 s to, lIa,'ke exp 1 D'S '1: 'ves .. ,a re' s 1 mp 1 e " re.qu 1 r1 nl9 very 11 tt 1 e Ie nowl ed ge o'f c hemi 'at ry'. and I'a s y to f'0'11ow f 0 rmu " '. s I,.. read l' l:r

ava11able~ -

5~ SAFETY HAZARDS.

ail Sens 1 t,' vi ty - IliPnv'1 sed exp 1 0$ t ve's are 'V'I'ry unpreCl1 (,tab lie t

b ~ Tox 1 e tty' _, Smok;e" va po r f; ,.'nd: res 1 due are a lways eons t d e red tox i c '~

e . ,Sa'fety preceuttens iI re covtrt'd, 1 n the' Blas,t-er '. s Han:dbook. SOP. ,a.Ad safety 1 n hand 11 n'g' ,a;n:d use 0" exp 1 es 1 "lIS t Pam 117,.

NAME.

FDR~tJLA 1(11:1:ID:3

Potassium perchlorate KelO!

Ini"'",S' ,iI'iiho_ rIi"O .... til S'. " FJ.v f'iII'" .. ~·V~I_.

,

:PIOta'$ s 1 UII p':nDlnganate

Carbon disulfide

rS2'

~"'.: .•.• I

u ... ,'_ n-s: 1-- m: na ,": _ U ._

IC'h'l'-' " ,

:,'Ii lor In!

Og&R, I: ,PT ION,

'Wb i'te e rys'ta '1 'S '. U s,ed 'to II) I"\odu c e oxy'ge,n 1 n '1 abo,ra't,ory ~ Powe,.' u 1 lOX 1 d,' ze r t;ha't wi'11 generate f 1.. wt'th su 1 f u'r1 e ae 11 d and o'1'4n,1 C: lII,tet1a.l ($,uga-r Ii papf'r) ~

WI11te crysta'ls'i' Als,Q powerful oxidizer but. IDa," s ta b 1 e tha n the e h, 1 0 rate ;0, 'wi '11 IProd ulce e.xp' 1 ,O'S ~ 'we Imi xtu fie w'1 tlh red pho$ ~ pftor-ou'. Ind a ,'rope 1 'l"ant 'wi tb organ t e ... teri a,l (:asptla 1 t., pl. 'Sit 1 c .. 'va se 111 bl') ~

"I'li '11 OW c:011 or'l es 5, '111 q'I'1i d,.. S,trolllg' 0,]( 1 d 11 ' .... ze r ~ _ Can be us ed t I) mat,! guncotton. n 1 trog 1 Y'e e r'1, n'e ~

Comes 'fa 'two florllls '. .p'11,ow (o'r wJ:I 'I t,e':) ,Ind red. Ve 11!ow pboro .. s ·ts PO'1SdOUS

and le,1 f .... ,1 .. t t' ng' 1 II "1 r --- tan be U$ed IS 1igrn1It'e','. R,eell phos,pbolrous f:orms, e~xDlo-· ,1ve mixtures w1th ox'd1zers~

'Ie ry dalrk iPU rp 1 e (,0. l,IIO'S t ,b llc k) e ryst.l S I A'not1her' $'t,'rcm, 01.-1 d t ,ler 'f,'mt ng 'I'X,P 1 os II ve "x,ture, wttib red, ,hosphorous or orgillic. lII.-ter1.1s.

Co l' olrl es, s 1 t qu 1 d wii th e hl,rae ter',i -s 't i e

'rotten, fld1 shill smell ~ Poiso'nous ,and very 1 rtf' 1'lJIIIIble,~ Used, a's 50 "vent for :~t 1 '1ow 'ptN)'SIPI'U) reu 'S, 'i n, se'1-f.-1 g'o 1 t ,t ng sy'SteflS ..

Gr,ay1 st.: IIttl". (:ornes, t'n s,t,rftpl$, (1/8 1 ncbl '~1 de') and pew,e' r' .' St r" pI, Ul's,ed en, 191 .... n'1 ters for thena1 te for other borrtbs. Powd'er (·fl'as,h p,owcIertl', used '1n eher'ry Ib{onIb's ,OJ

Su:1: furic ae 1 d

Sod,1urn Pota'ss1um

Hi K

Wh 1: te e ry$ ta 1 s t, Ca n .be c 0Iib" n,ed w1 t,h 'fue" 01:'1 to ma,ke a high explcs1 ve s1m'1- lar to TNT ~

C'O tertes S 0'11 '11 qu 1,d '" By 1 t,se 1 f ('II v1 t-, ri 01 .. ) w1'11 C,I US'! :S e 'Ie re llu r.ns a,nd '1 e"'= s tens , Also used, w'1t,h pOU$$'ium enterate as 19n1ter~

R'eaet 1 ve n.eta 1 s • Usua 11, y ke'pt unci e r 0; " a,n'd, e ove 'red wi t h g r,ay 1 ay,e r ~ Ca,n b,e' cut

':i't,-t. kn't fe ~'l'Io' w'1 n,t. ,metal11 C' 1: 'i!'t," e',:' ,-

W', , '. ~ ",-;, ,',' '" ,U,., "r.

BA;t"h r6,a",t, ~'tro,ni'l'l': wi t,h, Wi' t", r. ',-,'t:t' t,,:

V __ ,II; """ ~, ".:aII Y , , , , e ,. se ",ng

off expl~s1on~ ,