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Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

21st Century
Literature from
the Philippines
and the World
Philippine Literary History

Quarter 1- Week 1
Module 1

Most Essential Learning Competency:

• Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of
Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary period.
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HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

• Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
• Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
• Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
• Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
• Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This aims
to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
• Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
• Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
• Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
• Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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Lesson
Philippine Literary History

EXPECTATIONS

You will discuss Philippine Literary History.

Specifically, this module will help you to
• identify the Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary period.
• appreciate literary writers and their works through a change analysis.

PRETEST

Direction: Perfect Matching. Match the correct period or era with the
correct description. Draw a line to match Column A to Column B.
Column A Column B
Philippine Period/ Era Description
1. Pre Colonial Period A. It is period were Filipino
experienced four (4) years of
hunger, insecurity, and terror.
2. Spanish Period B. It is a period of dictatorship.
3. American Period C. It is a period where the
Philippines is divided by Barangay
and ruled by Raja or Datu.
4. Japanese Period D. It is a period were thomasites
served as the first Filipino
teachers.
5. Martial Law Period E. It is a period where Christianity
flourished.
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LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Literature, in its broadest sense, is any written work.

Etymologically, the term derives from
Latin litaritura/litteratura “writing formed with letters,” although
some definitions include spoken or sung texts. More restrictively, it
is writing that possesses literary merit. Literature can be classified
according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it
is poetry or prose. It can be further distinguished according to
major forms such as the novel, short story or drama, and works
are often categorized according to historical periods or their
adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

Direction. Based on the definition above, create a graphic organizer which

features your own understanding of literature and its forms. You may
complete any of the following graphic organizers below or you may create
your own.

Definition Major Forms

Definition
Literature ________ _______
Major
Forms ________ _______

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Philippine literature is a collection of Filipino experiences express in

a creative way which has progress with our historical experience. This
lesson will help us remember, enjoy and analyze our literary heritage.

DISCUSSIONS 2
Philippinefrom
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Period Literary Authors Examples of Theme

Genre Literary Works
Precolonial Riddle, Any members Guman Literary
Literature Proverbs, of the (Subanon); contents
(BC to 1564) Chants, community Darangen during this
Includes all Myths, can be a poet, (Maranao); period were
kinds of Folks singer, or a Hudhud (Ifugao); about the
literature Songs, storyteller as Lam-ang creation of
produced by Epic long as he (Ilocano), the world,
our native knew the Hinilawod origin of
ancestor language and (Sulod), things, daily
before any conventions of Kudaman life
colonization. the forms. (Palawan), experiences,
Literature was and events
passed down within the
through community.
storytelling from
one person to
another.
Philippine Christian Francisco Ang Mahal na The
Literature Doctrines, Baltazar Pasyon ni Jesu literature
during Senakulo, (1788- Cristong during the
Spanish Pasyon, 1862) Panginoon natin early period
Colonization Awit, contained
(1565 to 1898) Komedya, Florante at Laura religious
Includes Prose Francisco doctrines,
all kinds Narratives, Baltazar and
of Grammar (1788- Christian
literature Dictionarie 1862) Ninay and
produced s European
during the Pedro Paterno Tradition. As
Spanish (1857-1911) Noli Me Tangere the
colonizatio revolutionar
n. Jose P. Rizal Naangawan A y period
Cablaaw (A arise
Leona Rather propaganda
Florentino Humorous and
(1849-1884) Greeting) revolutionar
y literature
sprung up.
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Philippine Poetry, Short Paz Marquez Dead Star Writers
Literature Story, Benitez (1894- explored a lot
during Publications, 1983) of subjects
American Drama Zoilo M. A Child of Sorrow but the
Colonization Galang (1895- theme of love
(1898 to 1959) and youth
1940) Fernando Moonlight on persist. They
Includes all Maramang Manila Bay had also
kinds of (1893- acquired
literature 1936) mastery of
produced Jose Garcia Footnote to Youth English
during the Villa (1908- writing.
American 1997)
colonization.
Philippine Haiku, Macario Suyuan sa The theme
Literature Tanaga, Pineda (1912- Tubigan during this
during Filipino 1950) period was
Japanese Drama Narciso Lupang Tinubuan nationalism,
Colonization Reyes (1914- life in the
(1941 to 1996) barrio, faith,
1945) Liwayway Canal de la Reina love, religion,
Includes all Arceo (1924- and arts.
kinds of 1999)
literature N.V.M. Lunsod Nayon
produced Gonzales
during the (1915-1999)
Japanese
colonization.
Philippine Protest Ponciano Ang Mangingisda A theme such
Literature Literature, Pineda(1927 as patience,
on the 20th Proletarian - 2009) native
Century Literature, culture,
Malaya
(1972-1985) Prison Aniceto customs, the
Includes all Literature, Silvestre beauty of
kinds of Cicumvention (1998-1983 nature, and
literature Literature surroundings
produced Bienvenido May Tibok and are used for
during the Ramos Puso ng Lupa poems.
Martial Law (1934- Realities
2012) about
exploitation
Jose Y. and injustice
Soledad’s Sister
Dalisay were also
(Born 1954) prevalent.

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Philippine Poetry (Free Carlo J. Caparas
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Literature on Form), Fiction period look
the 21st works, Gilda Olvidado Sinasamba Kita back and get
Century Theses, Bob Ong ABNKKBSNPLAko?! ideas and
(2001-Present) Comic, ebooks inspiration
Includes all Genevive L. Lumabay ng Dila from the
kinds of Asenso previous
literature writers, they
produced in use the past
the 21st as a tool for
Century. the future.
Technology
also gives a
great impact
on the writers’
imagination.

ACTIVITIES

A. Direction: Creating Images or Symbols. Create images or symbols

to represent or describe the six (6) literary periods in the
Philippines.
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B. Direction: Strengths and Weaknesses. Identify the strengths and
weaknesses of each literary period.

LITERARY PERIOD STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Precolonial Literary Period

Spanish Colonial Literary Period

American Colonial Literary Period

Japanese Colonial Literary Period

20th Century (Martial Law)

Literary Period
21st Century Literary Period

REMEMBER

• Precolonial Literary Period also known as the era of oral literature.

Literature spread during this period through word of mouth pass
from generations to other generations.
• During Spanish Colonial Literary Period literary works are greatly
influenced by Spanish teaching or Christian doctrines.
• English as a medium of writing widely flourished during the
American Literary Period.
• Throughout the Japanese Literary Period publications were military censored.
• Under the Martial Law literature produced were about exploitation
and injustice.
• While during the 21st Century Literary Period writers used
unconventional techniques in writing.
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CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Give the dominant changes that Philippine Literature

experience over the years.

POST TEST

Direction: Change Analysis. Analyze how the changes you

mentioned above affected the literary work of the Filipino writer
LITERARY CHARACTERISTI CHANGES ANALYSIS
PERIOD CS
Precolonial
Literary Period
Spanish
Colonial
Literary Period
American
Colonial
Literary Period
Japanese
Colonial Literary
Period
20th Century
(Martial Law)
Literary Period
21th Century
Literary Period

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REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below.

I thought…
What were your thoughts or ideas
about the features of effective
communication prior to the
discussion of this lesson?

I learned that…
What new or additional ideas did
you learn after taking up this
lesson?
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REFERENCES

Books
Lumbera, Bienvenido, & Lumbera, Cynthia Nograles, PHILIPPINE LITERATURE A
History and Anthology, 2005, Anvil Publishing Inc.

Martin, Maria Gabriela P., Guevarra, Alona U., Del Campo, Emar Ivery, ENGLISH
COMMUNICATION ARTS AND SKILLS Beyond Borders, Reading Literature in the
21st Century, 2016, The Phoenix Publishing House

Fronoza, Wenifreda R., De Guia, Lani G., & Bautista, Richard R., The Philippines,
and the World 21st Century Literature, 2017, Trinitas Publishing Inc.

Online Sources

Article
Galang, Anne, Academia. Edu, (no date), Philippine Literature History Timeline,
June 22, 2020, https://www.academia.edu/35300896/Philippine_Timeline

Website
21st Century Literature in Various Region, Quipper,
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/5d881286abc487056500000c/curricu
lum#curriculum

Acknowledgements

Writer: Rubylin M. Lunar

Editor: John Paulo Q. Herrera, MTII (Language and Content)
Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio Jr. - EPS
Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division
Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor
Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS
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ANSWER SHEET

in 21st Century Literature form the Philippines and the World

Quarter 1- Module No.: 1 - Week No.: 1 – Lesson 1 Philippine Literary History

Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________

School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________

General Direction: Write all your answers here. Detach and submit this part to
your teacher upon his/her direction which usually given after you have completed
this module.

PRE-TEST:
Direction: Perfect Matching. Match the correct period or era with the correct
description. Draw a line to match Column A to Column B.
Column A Column B
Philippine Period/ Era Description
1. Pre Colonial Period A. It is period were Filipino experienced
four (4) years of hunger, insecurity, and
terror.
2. Spanish Period B. It is a period of dictatorship.
3. American Period C. It is a period where the Philippines is
divided by Barangay and ruled by Raja
or Datu.
4. Japanese Period D. It is a period were thomasites served
as the first Filipino teachers.
5. Martial Law Period E. It is a period where Christianity
flourished.
Looking Back to Your Lesson:

Graphic Organizer:

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Activities:
A. Direction: Creating Images or Symbols. Create images or symbols to
represent or describe the six (6) literary periods in the Philippines.

B. Direction: Strengths and Weaknesses. Identify the strengths and

weaknesses of each literary period.

LITERARY PERIOD STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Precolonial Literary Period

Spanish Colonial Literary Period

American Colonial Literary Period

Japanese Colonial Literary Period

20th Century (Martial Law)

Literary Period
21th Century Literary Period

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Check Your Understanding:

Direction: Give the dominant changes that Philippine Literature experience over
the years.

POST-TEST:
Direction: Change Analysis. Analyze how the changes you mentioned above
affected the literary work of the Filipino writer

LITERARY CHARACTERISTICS CHANGES ANALYSIS

PERIOD

Precolonial
Literary Period

Spanish Colonial
Literary Period

American
Colonial Literary
Period

Japanese Colonial
Literary Period

20th Century
(Martial Law)
Literary Period

21th Century
Literary Period

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ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST

1. C
2. E
3. D
4. A
5. B

Looking Back to Your Lesson: (OUTPUTS/ANSWERS MAY VARY)

Activities:
A. (IMAGES MAY VARY)

B. (OUTPUTS/ANSWERS MAY VARY)

Check Your Understanding: (OUTPUTS/ANSWERS MAY VARY)

POST-TEST: (OUTPUTS/ANSWERS MAY VARY) *Scorecard/rubric found below.

Criteria Weight
Characteristics 1 point for every characteristic
Change 1 point for every change
Analysis 3 points per analysis
Total 30

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