AP® BIOLOGY SAMPLE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS

(MULTIPLE CHOICE RESPONSE) BY OUTLINE 9. Which of the following is a correct statement

SECTIONS. about
the relationship between pH and the hydrogen-ion
SECTION IA concentration of a solution?
A) there are no H ions present in a solution
1. Which of the following is an example of a with a basic pH
hydrogen B) there are no H ions present in a solution
bond? with a neutral pH of 7.0
A) the peptide bond between amino acids in a C) the concentration of H ions in a solution
protein with a pH of 7.0 is 100X as great as that
B) the bond between an oxygen atom and a in a solution with a pH of 9.0
hydrogen atom in the carboxyl group of a D) the concentration of H ions in a solution
fatty acid with a pH of 5.0 is twice that in a solution
C) the bond between Na+ and Cl- in salt with a pH of 3.0
D) the attraction between a hydrogen of one E) the concentration of H ions in a solution
water molecule and the oxygen of another with a pH of 4.0 is 400X as great as that in
water molecule a
E) the bond between carbon and hydrogen in solution with a pH of 1.0
methane
10. Which of the following pairs of functional groups
Questions 2-5 characterizes the structure of an amino acid?

A) Glucose F) Iron
B) Glycerol G) Zinc
C) Glycogen H) Magnesium
D) Glucagon I) Calcium
E) Guanine J) Sulfur

2. Essential for the synthesis of neutral fats

3. A storage form of carbohydrate in muscle
4. A constituent of the chlorophyll molecule
5. Required in ionic form for the activity of many
enzymes, the maintenance of bone, and the
contraction of muscle fibers

6. A feature of organic compounds NOT found in

inorganic compounds is the presence of:
A) ionizing chemical groups
B) electrons
C) carbon atoms covalently bonded to each
other
D) oxygen
E) hydrogen bonds

7. Which of the following can be used to determine

the
rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
A) rate of disappearance of the enzyme
B) rate of disappearance of the substrate
C) rate of disappearance of the product
D) change in volume of the solution
E) increase in activation energy

A + B  AB
8. Which of the following best characterizes the
reaction represented above?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Catabolism
C) Oxidation-Reduction
D) Exergonic Reaction
E) Endergonic Reaction
Questions 11-14 refer to the following graph. The
solid curve and the dashed curve represent
alternative pathways for the same reaction. One
pathway is enzyme catalyzed.
15. The graph below represents the relationship
between the cadmium level in the drinking
water of mice and their blood pressures. All
of the following are accurate statements
about the relationship shown in the graph
EXCEPT:

A) both high and low concentrations

of
cadmium are associated with low BP
B) an intermediate level of cadmium
produces the highest BP
C) the lower the cadmium
concentration in the water, the
higher the BP
D) up to a certain point, BP increases
as cadmium intake increases
E) after a certain point, BP decreases
11. Represents the activation energy of the enzyme- as cadmium intake increases
catalyzed reaction

12. Represents the net energy change of the

reaction

13. Represents the energy state of the products of

the
enzyme-catalyzed pathway

14. Represents the energy state of the products of

the
pathway that is not enzyme-catalyzed
 B) microtubules
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum
SECTION IB 9. To observe the process of mitosis in plant root
cells, a biologist should examine the plant’s:
1. The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and A) root hairs
is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the: B) Casparian strip
A) chloroplast C) root cap
B) nucleus D) zone of maturation
C) ribosome E) apical meristem
D) Golgi body
E) mitochondrion 10. All of the following cells have either cilia or
flagella EXCEPT:
2. All of the following cell components are found in A) cells lining the oviduct in mammals
prokaryotic cells EXCEPT: B) pollen produced in the anthers of
A)DNA angiosperms
B) ribosomes C) the sperm produced in the antheridia of
C)cell membrane fern
D) nuclear envelope D) cells lining the respiratory tract of humans
E) enzymes E) Paramecium and Euglena

3. Structures found in the cells of both angiosperms
and mammals are:
A) cell walls and cell membranes
B) centrioles and lysosomes
C) chloroplasts and ribosomes
D) cell membranes and chromosomes
E) contractile vacuoles and leucoplasts
4. Cytokinesis is the portion of the cell cycle during
which:
A) the growth of cells is momentarily arrested
in the G2 stage
B) the amount of DNA per chromosome
double
C) centromeres uncouple and chromatids
separate
D) a cell plate is formed in plant cells
E) the nuclear membrane breaks down
5. If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the
resulting movement of water into the cells is called:
A) conduction
B) active transport
C) transpiration
D) osmosis
E) facilitated diffusion
6. What is the primary role of the lysosome?
A) ATP synthesis
B) intracellular digestion
C) lipid transport
D) carbohydrate storage
E) protein synthesis
11. Which of the following is a characteristic of
mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the
endosymbiotic theory?
A) both have bacteria-like polysaccharide cell
walls
B) both can reproduce on their own outside
the
cell
C) both contain DNA molecules
D) both contain endoplasmic reticulum and
Golgi bodies
E) both contain ribosomes that are identical
to ribosomes of the eukaryotic cytoplasm
12. Which of the following are characteristics of both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) cytoplasm and a well-defined nucleus
surrounded by a membrane
B) membranous sites of ATP synthesis, Golgi
complex, and ribosomes
C) mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes
D) cell wall, several chromosomes, cytoplasm
E) cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, and RNA
13. Unlike the cells of flowering plants, the cells of
animals are characterized by which of the following?
A) mitochondria
B) a nucleus surrounded by a double
membrane
C) centrioles,
D) a plasma membrane surrounded by a non-
living cell wall
E) a single large central vacuole

7. The cytoplasmic channels between plant cells 14. Carbohydrate-containing layer at the surface of
which are most similar to gap junctions between the plasma membrane
animal cells are called: 15. The major component of the fluid bilayer of a
A) middle lamellas plasma membrane
B) tonoplasts 16. Carrier molecules in the plasma membrane
C) plasmodermata 17. Steroids affecting the fluidity of the plasma
D) tight junctions membrane
E) desmosomes 18. ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial and
chloroplast membranes
8. The nucleolus functions in the production of:
A) Golgi body A) Glycocalyx
 B) Cholesterol
C) Triglyceride
D) Phospholipids
E) Protein

19. Which of the following organelles modifies and 26. The rate of division of most vertebrate cells is
packages for secretion the materials produced by the LEAST likely to be influenced by which of the
ribosomes? following?
A) chloroplast A) contact with other cells
B) Golgi apparatus B) the availability of nutrients
C) nucleus C) compounds that inhibit protein synthesis
D) nucleolus D) the cell’s photoperiod
E) mitochondrion E) the temperature of the organism

20. A student using a light microscope observes a
cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell
because:
A) ribosomes are visible
B) an endoplasmic reticulum can be seen
C) a cell membrane is present
D) it has a large central vacuole
E) centrioles are present
21. Which of the following occurs during mitosis but
not during meiosis:
A) the chromosomes are pulled to opposite
poles of the spindle apparatus
B) the chromatids of each chromosome are
separated
C) the nuclear envelope breaks down
D) both synapsis and crossing-over take
place
E) the diploid number of chromosomes is
reduced to the haploid number.
22. Membranes are components of all of the
following EXCEPT a:
A) microtubules
B) nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) mitochondrion
E) lysosome
27. A biologist isolates numerous tiny, green-
pigmented cells from a sample of lake water. The
cells are covered with a mucilaginous sheath. They
contain relatively large amounts of chlorophyll a and
phycobilin pigments and lack a compact, organized
nucleus. Electron microscopy will reveal that these
cells also contain which of the following pairs of
subcellular structures?
A) ribosomes and chloroplasts.
B) ribosomes and mitochondria
C) Golgi bodies and cell wall
D) thylakoids and cell wall
E) chloroplasts and mitochondria
28. Which of the following is an example of active
transport across a membrane?
A) the movement of water from a nephron
into
the collecting duct of a kidney
B) the movement of glucose by facilitated
diffusion into a liver cell
C) the movement of water from inside of a
cell
into a surrounding hypertonic medium
D) the movement of Na+ into a neuron as a
nerve impulse is generated
E) the movement of H+ into a thylakoid disc
during photosynthesis

23. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have
which of the following features in common?
A) membrane bound nucleus
B) cell wall made of cellulose
C) ribosomes
D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and
protein.
24. Which of the following is best observed by using
a compound light microscope?
A) eukaryotic cell
B) virus
C) DNA sequence
D) the inner structure of a mitochondria
E) a nuclear pore
29. Which of the following cells would most likely
have the greatest concentration of densely packed
rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A) an ameba engulfing small ciliates
B) a bioluminescent bacterial cell
C) a pancreatic cell engaged in the
production
of digestive enzymes
D) a functional phloem cell at maturity
E) an epithelial cell whose DNA is replicating
before mitosis

25. All of the following are typical components of the

plasma membrane of an eukaryotic cell EXCEPT:
A) glycoproteins
B) cytochromes
C) cholesterol
D) phospholipids
E) integral proteins

SECTION IC
1. Which of the following would result if the
sodium-potassium pump of a neuron were
inoperative?
A) the movement of chloride ions would
produce an action potential
B) an impulse would travel from the
axon
to the dendrites of the neuron
C) the rate of transmission of the
impulse
would greatly increase
D) the rate of ATP synthesis would
increase
E) an action potential would not occur
2. The end products of the light-dependent
reactions of photosynthesis are:
A) ADP, H2O, NADPH2
B) ADP, PGAL, RuBP
C) ATP, CO2, H2O
D) ATP, NADPH2, O2
E) CO2, H+, PGAL
3. Which of the following enzymes is responsible
for CO2 fixation in C3 plants?
A) succinate dehydrogenase
B) RuBP carboxylase
C) hexokinase
D) amylase
E) DNA polymerase
4. All of the following statements concerning
cellular respiration are true EXCEPT:
A) in the citric acid cycle, two molecules
of CO2 and one molecule of FADH2 are
produced for each acetyl-CoA that
enters the cycle
B) ATP is converted to ADP during two of
the reactions of glycolysis
C) when aerobes respire anaerobically,
they may build up an oxygen debt
that may be paid eventually by intake
of oxygen
D) the metabolic breakdown of glucose
yields more energy during
fermentation than during aerobic
respiration
E) the conversion of glucose to pyruvic
acid can occur in the absence of
oxygen
5. Dichlorophenolindophenol (DPIP) is a blue dye
that is decolorized when it is reduced. After
being mixed with DPIP, which of the following
would show the greatest change in color?
A) isolated chloroplasts in the light
B) isolated chloroplasts in the dark
C) chlorophyll extract in the dark
D) boiled chloroplasts in the light
E) boiled chloroplasts in the dark
6. The carbon that makes up organic molecules
in plants is derived directly from:
A) combustion of fuels
B) carbon fixed during photosynthesis
C) carbon dioxide produced in
respiration
D) carbon in the lithosphere
E) coal mines
7. If plants are grown for several days in an
atmosphere containing 14CO2 in place of
12
CO2, one would expect to find:
A) very little radioactivity in the growing
leaves
B) large amounts of radioactive water
released from the stomata
C) a large increase in the 14C in the
starch stored in the roots
D) a large decrease in the rate of carbon
fixation in the guard cells
E) an increase in the activity of RuBP
carboxylase in the photosynthetic
cells
8. The O2 released during photosynthesis comes
from:
A) CO2
B) H2O
C) NADPH
D) RuBP
E) C6H12O6
9. Which of the following is an important
difference between light-dependent and light-
independent reactions of photosynthesis?
A) the light-dependent reactions occur
only during the day; the light-
independent reactions occur only
during the night
B) the light-dependent reactions occur in
the cytoplasm; the light-independent
reactions occur in chloroplasts
C) the light-dependent reactions utilize
CO2 and H2O; the light-independent
reactions produce CO2 and H2O
D) the light-dependent reactions depend
on the presence of photosystems I
and II; the light –independent
reactions require only photosystem I
E) the light-dependent reactions
produce ATP and NADPH; the light-
independent reactions use energy
stored in ATP and NADPH
10. Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of
photosynthesis directly require:
A) light
 B) products of the light reactions 16. On a sunny day, the closing of stomata in
C) darkness plant leaves results in:
D) O2 and H2O A) a decrease in CO2 intake
E) chlorophyll and CO2 B) a shift from C3 photosynthesis to C4
photosynthesis
C) an increase in transpiration
D) an increase in the concentration of
CO2 in mesophyll cells
E) an increase in the rate of production
of starch

11. Within the cell, many chemical reactions that,

by themselves, require energy input(have a
positive free-energy change) can occur 17. Red algae can grow at greater depths than
because the reactions: most other algae can because red algae are:
A) may be coupled to the hydrolysis of A) specialized for absorbing red
ATP wavelengths of light for
B) take place very slowly photosynthesis
C) take place when the cells are at B) specialized for absorbing ultraviolet
unusually high temperatures wavelengths of light for
D) are catalyzed by enzymes photosynthesis
E) are aided by various metal ions that C) specialized for absorbing blue
act as catalysts. wavelengths of light for
photosynthesis
12. In the mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis D) unable to sue chlorophyll for
of ATP occurs in which of the following? photosynthesis
I. Ribosomes E) adapted for chemosynthesis, rather
II. Mitochondria than photosynthesis.
III. Chloroplasts
18. Which of the following cellular processes is
A) I only coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP?
B) II only A) facilitated diffusion
C) III only B) active transport
D) II and III only C) chemiosmosis
E) I, II, and III D) osmosis
E) Na+ influx into a nerve cell
13. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a
direct result of the net movement of:
A) potassium against a concentration Questions 19-23
gradient
B) protons down a concentration A) Glycolysis
gradient B) Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
C) electrons against a concentration C) Calvin Cycle (light-independent reactions
gradient of photosynthesis
D) electrons through a channel D) Light-Dependent reactions of
E) sodium ions into the cell. photosynthesis
E) Chemiosmosis
14. Which of the following processes is carried
out more efficiently by a C4 plant that by a C3
plant? 19. process in which O2 is released as a by-
A) light absorption product of oxidation-reduction reactions
B) chemiosmotic coupling
C) photolysis 20. process in which CO2 is released as a by-
D) fixation of CO2 product of oxidation-reduction reactions
E) transport of sugars
21. process in which carbon from CO2 is
15. Which of the following pathways for the incorporated into organic molecules
transformation of cellular energy most likely
evolved first? 22. process found in both photosynthesis and
A) cyclic photophosphorylation cellular respiration
B) citric acid cycle (Krebs)
C) Calvin cycle 23. process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic
D) C4 photosynthesis acid
E) glycolysis