EARTH SCIENCE

Name: LACHAONA, MONALIZA L. Score:_________________

ACTIVITY 5

Direction: Answer the given questions accurately.

1. Describe what is meant by adaptation.

- Adaptation is a trait that inherits in order live in the environment.

2. The first animals on Earth had soft bodies. Gradually many animal species
evolved that had hard outer parts called exoskeletons covering their bodies. How
might an exoskeleton be a favorable adaptation?
- Ediacaran animals
3. Explain why unfavorable traits do not usually get passed to offspring.
- For the offspring to survive, unfavorable traits wouldn’t passed by parents.

4. List the order in which the major types of animals appeared on Earth.
- Polar bear, Reindeer, zebra, hummingbirds,

5. How might climate have affected the ability of plants to grow over large areas
during a given time?
- Plants can able to grow in a given time through their special ability to
conserve water.
6. One cause of mass extinctions is meteorite or comet impacts. What might be
some additional causes of mass extinctions?
- Dust that remained in the atmosphere
- Sulfur from the impact mixed with water in the atmosphere to form acid
rain.
- Animal starvation
- Carbon dioxide was also released from the impact and eventually caused
global warming.
- Life forms could not survive the dramatic temperature swings
 EARTH SCIENCE
Name: LACHAONA, MONALIZA L. Score:_________________

ACTIVITY 6

Direction: Answer the given questions accurately.

1. Describe how the different layers of the Earth vary by density. When did the
materials that make the Earth separate out by density?
- The densest layer is the solid metal inner core, the mantle is of intermediate
density, and the least dense layer is the lithosphere.
2. Explain two reasons why having an oxygen-rich atmosphere is important for life
on Earth.
- First reason is that oxygen makes up the ozone layer that blocks harmful radiation
from the sun and keeps it from reaching earth’s surface. Secondly is the oxygen
in the atmosphere for human and animal to live.
3. Scientists believe that Earth’s ozone layer is shrinking because of human
activities and air pollution. What affect might this have on Earth’s life forms?
- The effect will be impossible for life forms to survive if the ozone layer totally
shrinks.
4. Describe the role of cyanobacteria in changing Earth’s early atmosphere.
- The cyanobacteria carried out photosynthesis to produce the materials they
needed to grow and gave off oxygen to the atmosphere.
5. List three ways the Earth was different today from when it was first formed.
- There’s an ozone layer, there is abundant oxygen to support life and the earth
was protected from the sun radiations.
6. Suppose that the Earth had been much cooler when it first formed. How would
the Earth’s interior be different than it is today?
- If it’s happened, then, the plates on the surface will no longer move and there
will be fewer earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
7. How did life on Earth develop from simple bacteria to more complex organisms?
- From symbiotic relationship called endosymbiosis.
8. When did complex organisms like fish, reptiles, and mammals appear on Earth?
- 600 million years ago
9. When did the major features of the Earth that we know today first form?
- 4.54 billion years ago
 EARTH SCIENCE

Name: LACHAONA, MONALIZA L. Score:_________________

ACTIVITY 7

Direction: Answer the given questions accurately.

1. How old is the Earth?

- 41⁄2 billionyears.
2. Why did early geologic time scales not include the number of years ago that
events happened?
- Radioactivity is not yet discovered in that particular year.
3. Dinosaurs went extinct about 66 million years ago. Which period of geologic time
was the last in which dinosaurs lived?
- Cretaceous Period
4. Can scientists use the same principles they use to study Earth’s history to also
study the history of other planets?
- Yes
5. Suppose you are hiking in the mountains of Utah and find a fossil of an animal
that lived on the ocean floor. You learn that the rock that holds the fossil is from
the Mississippian period. What was the environment like during the Mississippian
in Utah?
- Warm shallow sea
6. Why are sedimentary rocks more useful than metamorphic or igneous rocks in
establishing the relative ages of rock?
- Sedimentary rocks more useful because of its sediment that compress.
7. Which is likely to be more frequently found in rocks: fossils of very old sea
creatures or very old land creatures?
- Fossils of very old sea creatures.
8. How did life on Earth change from one period of geologic time to the next?
- Through evolution
9. When did life first appear on Earth?
- 3.7 years
10. What conditions were necessary on Earth for living things to survive?
- Energy, gases, water, soil, and favourable temperatures.