Radiometric Correction

Radiometric corrections

Largely ignored for the purpose of

interpretation / classification.

Significant when evaluating absolute values

Sensor Error

Line drop

Bad line

Int ( BV i-1, j, k + BV i+1,j,k)

BV ijk =
2
Radiometric corrections

Absolute radiometric correction

Relative radiometric correction

Absolute radiometric corrections

Ls = LT + Lp

Where ,
Ls = total radiance at sensor
LT = total radiance transmitted by target
Lp = path radiance
Absolute radiometric corrections

Ls = ( K x BV ijk) + Lmin

K = radiance per bit of sensor count rate = (Lmax – Lmin)/ Cmax

Lmax = highest radiance value

Lmin = lowest radiance value

Cmax = max. value on CCT ( for 8 bit = 255)

Absolute radiometric corrections

Ls = 1/ π R band x Τθυ Eg + Lp

Τθυ = atmospheric transmittance

Eg = global irradiance at earth surface

Lp = path radiance
Absolute radiometric corrections

( K x BV ijk) + Lmin = 1/ π R band x Τθυ Eg + Lp

Relative radiometric correction

Single image normalization / black body

subtraction

Multi date normalization.

Radiometric normalization
160

y = 1.0311x + 3.0088
R2 = 0.9481
140

120

100

80

Band 3 year 91
60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Band 3 Year 87
Radiometric normalization

Same elevation

Flat area

Avoid vegetation
Radiometric normalization

C = Dref - (Dnorm) M

M = multiplicative correction term

D = dark normalization target
Radiometric normalization

(cos θ0 ref) (1 / ES 2 ref ) ( A ref)

M=
(cos θ0 norm) (1 / ES 2 norm ) ( A norm)

1/A = radiance interval

θ0 = solar zenith angle
ES = Earth sun distance
Slope correction

Amount of irradiance reaching pixel at slope is directly

proportional to cosine of the incidence angle i

Cosine correction
cos θ0
LH = LT
cos i
LH = radiance observed at horizontal surface
LT = radiance observed at sloped terrain
θ0 = zenith angle
i = incidance angle
Minnaert Correction

LH = LT(cos θ0 / cos i ) k

LH = radiance observed at horizontal surface

LT = radiance observed at sloped terrain
θ0 = zenith angle
i = incidance angle
K = Minnaert constant = 1 for Perfect Lambertian surface
Statistical correction

LH = LT - cos (i) m – b + LT
LH = radiance observed at horizontal surface
LT = radiance observed at sloped terrain
LT= Average of LT for given class
i = incidence angle
m = slope of regression line
b = y intercept of the line
Radiometric correction

DEM should have comparable spatial

resolution to image.

Overcorrection due to Lambertian surface
assumption

Ignore diffused component of incident
radiation

Wavelength sensitive

Very difficult to remove topographic effect
from shadows.