Cardio Vascular system

The heart (google images)

The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system. It is made of cardiac

muscle and is the most powerful organ the body has. The heart is divided
into four chambers. The upper two chambers are called atria; they are
joined to two lower chambers called ventricles. These are the pumps of
the heart.

(Sport level 3 – Mark Adams/ Ray Barker ect)

• Septum = Dives the heart into 4 and keeps rich oxygen blood away
from carbon dioxide blood.
• Left Atria = The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the
left and right pulmonary veins. The blood passes through the mitral
valve into the left ventricle.
• Left Ventricles = The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood as
the left atrium contracts. The blood passes through the mitral valve
into the left ventricle. It pumps blood to the systemic circulation
for the body
• Right atria= The right atrium receives de-oxygenated blood from
the body. It then pumps blood to the pulmonary circulation for the
lungs.
• Right ventricles= The right ventricle receives de-oxygenated blood
and pumps blood to the pulmonary valve allowing the blood to
flow into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs.
 • Pulmonary valve = It prevents the back flow of blood as it is
pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

Veins (deep-vein-thrombosis)

Veins receive blood from the capillaries after the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide has taken place. The veins then transport waste-rich blood
back to the lungs and heart. It is important that the waste-rich blood keeps
moving in the proper direction and not be allowed to flow backward.
Veins are very thin, and have no muscle so they can take low pressure.

• Tunica Adventitia = This is the strong outer of arteries and veins

which consists of tissues, and elastic fibres.
• Tunica Media = this is the middle layer and consists of smooth
muscle and elastic fibres. This layer is thinner in veins.
• Tunica Intima: = This is the inner layer which is in direct contact
with the blood flowing through the vein. It. The hollow centre
through which blood flows is called the lumen. Veins also contain
valves which prevent the back flow of blood and aid venous return.
Arteries (Google image)

Arteries are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart, with
the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygenated blood. The most
widely known artery within the human body is the Aorta. They have
layers of muscle so they can contract easily.

• Tunica Adventitia = This is the strong outer of arteries and veins

which consists of tissues, and elastic fibres.
• Tunica Media = This is the middle layer and consists of smooth
muscle and elastic fibres. This layer is thicker in arteries than
veins.
• Tunica Intima = This is the inner layer which is in direct contact
with the blood flowing through the artery. It consists of an elastic
membrane and smooth cells.
Capillary(Google Pictures)

Capillaries are the smallest of all blood vessels and form the connection
between veins and arteries, they are a single layer or cell. Unlike veins
and arteries, their main function is not transporting blood. They are
specially designed to allow the movement of substances, mainly gases
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide into and out of the capillary.

• White blood cells- They are there to stop any disease of infection
occurring. They will use antibodies or surround and devour the
problem.

• Red blood cells- They contain protein chemical called hemoglobin

which is bright red in colour. Red blood cells deliver oxygen and
removing waste from our body

• Platelet- Platelets are irregularly-shaped, colourless bodies that are

present in blood. Their sticky surface lets them, form clots to stop
bleeding.
• Plasma - It's a straw-colour, clear liquid that is 90 percent water, it
is an essential for human survival. It also helps fight antibodies.

(http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/plasma.)